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A Comparative Study of Hesperetin, Hesperidin and Hesperidin Glucoside: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antibacterial Activities In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081618. [PMID: 36009336 PMCID: PMC9405481 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of hesperetin, hesperidin and hesperidin glucoside with different solubility were compared in vitro. Hesperetin was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis from hesperidin, and hesperidin glucoside composed of hesperidin mono-glucoside was prepared from hesperidin through enzymatic transglycosylation. Solubility of the compounds was different: the partition coefficient (log P) was 2.85 ± 0.02 for hesperetin, 2.01 ± 0.02 for hesperidin, and −3.04 ± 0.03 for hesperidin glucoside. Hesperetin showed a higher effect than hesperidin and hesperidin glucoside on radical scavenging activity in antioxidant assays, while hesperidin and hesperidin glucoside showed similar activity. Cytotoxicity was low in the order of hesperidin glucoside, hesperidin, and hesperetin in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Treatment of the cells with each compound reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Hesperetin was most effective at relatively low concentrations, however, hesperidin glucoside was also effective at higher concentration. Hesperetin showed higher antibacterial activity than hesperidin in both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and hesperidin glucoside showed similarly higher activity with hesperetin depending on the bacterial strain. In conclusion, hesperetin in the form of aglycone showed more potent biological activity than hesperidin and hesperidin glucoside. However, hesperidin glucoside, the highly soluble form, has been shown to increase the activity compared to poorly soluble hesperidin.
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Dermal Drug Delivery of Phytochemicals with Phenolic Structure via Lipid-Based Nanotechnologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090837. [PMID: 34577536 PMCID: PMC8471500 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are a large, heterogeneous group of secondary metabolites found in various plants and herbal substances. From the perspective of dermatology, the most important benefits for human health are their pharmacological effects on oxidation processes, inflammation, vascular pathology, immune response, precancerous and oncological lesions or formations, and microbial growth. Because the nature of phenolic compounds is designed to fit the phytochemical needs of plants and not the biopharmaceutical requirements for a specific route of delivery (dermal or other), their utilization in cutaneous formulations sets challenges to drug development. These are encountered often due to insufficient water solubility, high molecular weight and low permeation and/or high reactivity (inherent for the set of representatives) and subsequent chemical/photochemical instability and ionizability. The inclusion of phenolic phytochemicals in lipid-based nanocarriers (such as nanoemulsions, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles) is so far recognized as a strategic physico-chemical approach to improve their in situ stability and introduction to the skin barriers, with a view to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic potency. This current review is focused on recent advances and achievements in this area.
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Ahmed OM, AbouZid SF, Ahmed NA, Zaky MY, Liu H. An Up-to-Date Review on Citrus Flavonoids: Chemistry and Benefits in Health and Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:513-530. [PMID: 33245267 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201127122313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids, the main class of polyphenols, are characterized by the presence of 2-phenyl-benzo-pyrane nucleus. They are found in rich quantities in citrus fruits. Citrus flavonoids are classified into flavanones, flavones, flavonols, polymethoxyflavones and anthocyanins (found only in blood oranges). Flavanones are the most abundant flavonoids in citrus fruits. In many situations, there are structure-function relationships. Due to their especial structures and presence of many hydroxyls, polymethoxies and glycoside moiety, the flavonoids have an array of multiple biological and pharmacological activities. This article provides an updated overview of the differences in chemical structures of the classes and members of citrus flavonoids and their benefits in health and diseases. The review article also sheds light on the mechanisms of actions of citrus flavonoids in the treatment of different diseases, including arthritis, diabetes mellitus, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders as well as liver, kidney and heart diseases. The accumulated and updated knowledge in this review may provide useful information and ideas in the discovery of new strategies for the use of citrus flavonoids in the protection, prevention and therapy of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Sameh F AbouZid
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Noha A Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Zaky
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Han Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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4
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Sebastián-Morelló M, Alambiaga-Caravaca AM, Calatayud-Pascual MA, Rodilla V, Balaguer-Fernández C, Miranda M, López-Castellano A. Ex-Vivo Trans-Corneal and Trans-Scleral Diffusion Studies with Ocular Formulations of Glutathione as an Antioxidant Treatment for Ocular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090861. [PMID: 32927681 PMCID: PMC7558315 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to sunlight and contact with atmospheric oxygen makes the eye particularly susceptible to oxidative stress, which can potentially produce cellular damage. In physiological conditions, there are several antioxidant defense mechanisms within the eye. Glutathione (GSH) is the most important antioxidant in the eye; GSH deficit has been linked to several ocular pathologies. The aim of this study was to explore the potential for newly developed formulations allowing controlled delivery of antioxidants such as GSH and vitamin C (Vit C) directly to the eye. We have investigated the stability of antioxidants in aqueous solution and assessed ex-vivo the diffusion of GSH through two ocular membranes, namely cornea and sclera, either in solution or included in a semisolid insert. We have also carried out the hen’s egg-chlorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM) to evaluate the ocular irritancy of the different antioxidant solutions. Our results showed that GSH is stable for up to 30 days at 4 °C in darkness and it is not an irritant to the eye. The diffusion studies revealed that the manufactured formulation, a semisolid insert containing GSH, could deliver this tripeptide directly to the eye in a sustained manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vicent Rodilla
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (A.L.-C.); Tel.: +34-961-369-00 (ext. 64527) (V.R.); +34-961-369-00 (ext. 64427) (A.L.-C.)
| | | | | | - Alicia López-Castellano
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (A.L.-C.); Tel.: +34-961-369-00 (ext. 64527) (V.R.); +34-961-369-00 (ext. 64427) (A.L.-C.)
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Hesperetin Solubility in Aqueous Co-solvent Mixtures of Methanol and Ethanol: Solute Descriptors, Solvent Effect and Preferential Solvation Analysis. J SOLUTION CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-020-00948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Rizk MZ, Abo-El-Matty DM, Aly HF, Abd-Alla HI, Saleh SM, Younis EA, Elnahrawy AM, Haroun AA. Therapeutic activity of sour orange albedo extract and abundant flavanones loaded silica nanoparticles against acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:929-942. [PMID: 30294554 PMCID: PMC6170219 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research aims to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of sour orange albedo extract (SOAE) and two flavanones loaded-tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) using sol-gel technique, in adose100 mg/kg body weight taken orally or45 days against acrylamide (ACR)toxicity in rats. This was achieved through measuring the activities of specific biochemical parameters related to liver functions in tissue of ACR intoxicated rats as compared to normal one. Liver functions included alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers; superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde, MDA). Moreover, histological examination of liver was performed to confirm the biochemical findings. The present results clearly indicated disturbances in all biochemical parameters, such as increase in the liver function enzyme activities and MDA level. Results of ATPase enzyme activities revealed significant decrease in ACR intoxicated rats and liver biomarker enzymes declared significant decrease. On the other hand, treatment of intoxicated rats with the previous different nano-particles natural product demonstrated improvement in all biochemical parameters under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Rizk
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - D M Abo-El-Matty
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt
| | - H F Aly
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - H I Abd-Alla
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - S M Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt
| | - E A Younis
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - A M Elnahrawy
- Department of Solid State Physics, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622,Giza, Egypt
| | - A A Haroun
- Chemical Industries Res Division, National Research Centre, Dokki12622, Giza, Egypt
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Sebastián-Morelló M, Calatayud-Pascual MA, Rodilla V, Balaguer-Fernández C, López-Castellano A. Ex vivo rabbit cornea diffusion studies with a soluble insert of moxifloxacin. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 8:132-139. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Bou-Chacra N, Melo KJC, Morales IAC, Stippler ES, Kesisoglou F, Yazdanian M, Löbenberg R. Evolution of Choice of Solubility and Dissolution Media After Two Decades of Biopharmaceutical Classification System. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:989-1001. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen R, Li L, Shen C, Huang C, Ma T, Meng X, Qian Z, Li Y, Li J. Intestinal transport of HDND-7, a novel hesperetin derivative, in in vitro MDCK cell and in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion models. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:719-730. [PMID: 27535101 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1214987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. Hesperetin (HDND) possesses extensive bioactivities, however, its poor solubility and low bioavailability limit its application. HDND-7, a derivative of HDND, has better solubility and high bioavailability. In this study, we investigated the intestinal absorption mechanisms of HDND-7. 2. MDCK cells were used to examine the transport mechanisms of HDND-7 in vitro, and a rat in situ intestinal perfusion model was used to characterize the absorption of HDND-7. The concentration of HDND-7 was determined by HPLC. 3. In MDCK cells, HDND-7 was effectively absorbed in a concentration-dependent manner in both directions. Moreover, HDND-7 showed pH-dependent and TEER-independent transport in both directions. The transport of HDND-7 was significantly reduced at 4 °C or in the presence of NaN3. Furthermore, the efflux of HDND-7 was apparently reduced in the presence of MRP2 inhibitors MK-571 or probenecid. However, P-gp inhibitor verapamil had no effect on the transport of HDND-7. The in situ intestinal perfusion study indicated HDND-7 was well-absorbed in four intestinal segments. Furthermore, MRP2 inhibitors may slightly increase the absorption of HDND-7 in jejunum. 4. In summary, all results indicated that HDND-7 might be absorbed mainly by passive diffusion via transcellular pathway, MRP2 but P-gp may participate in the efflux of HDND-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Chen
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Lan Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Chenlin Shen
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Cheng Huang
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Taotao Ma
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Zhengyue Qian
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Yangyang Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Jun Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
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Gerber GSFW, Fox LT, Gerber M, du Preez JL, van Zyl S, Boneschans B, du Plessis J. Stability, clinical efficacy, and antioxidant properties of Honeybush extracts in semi-solid formulations. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S337-51. [PMID: 26664024 PMCID: PMC4653346 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.166063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Honeybush extracts (Cyclopia spp.) can be incorporated into skin care products to treat conditions such as skin dryness and can function as an anti-oxidant. Objective: To formulate Honeybush formulations and test it for antioxidant activity, skin penetration, and skin hydrating effects. Materials and Methods: Semi-solid formulations containing either Cyclopia maculata (2%) or Cyclopia genistoides (2%) underwent accelerated stability studies. Membrane release studies, Franz cell skin diffusion and tape stripping studies were performed. Antioxidant potential was determined with the 2-thiobarbituric acid-assay and clinical efficacy studies were performed to determine the formulations' effect on skin hydration, scaliness, and smoothness after 2 weeks of treatment on the volar forearm. Results: The formulations were unstable over 3 months. Membrane release, skin diffusion studies, and tape stripping showed that both formulations had inconclusive results due to extremely low concentrations mangiferin and hesperidin present in the Franz cell receptor compartments, stratum corneum-epidermis, and epidermis-dermis layers of the skin. Honeybush extracts showed antioxidant activity with concentrations above 0.6250 mg/ml when compared to the toxin; whereas mangiferin and hesperidin did not show any antioxidant activity on their own. The semisolid formulations showed the potential to emit their own antioxidant activity. Both formulations improved skin smoothness, although they did not improve skin hydration compared to the placebos. C. maculata reduced the skin scaliness to a larger extent than the placebos and C. genistoides. Conclusion: Honeybush formulations did not penetrate the skin but did, however, show antioxidant activity and the potential to be used to improve skin scaliness and smoothness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gezina S F W Gerber
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, South Africa
| | - Lizelle T Fox
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, South Africa
| | - Minja Gerber
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, South Africa
| | - Jan L du Preez
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, South Africa
| | - Sterna van Zyl
- Centre for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Banie Boneschans
- Centre for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Jeanetta du Plessis
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, South Africa
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11
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Shen C, Chen R, Qian Z, Meng X, Hu T, Li Y, Chen Z, Huang C, Hu C, Li J. Intestinal absorption mechanisms of MTBH, a novel hesperetin derivative, in Caco-2 cells, and potential involvement of monocarboxylate transporter 1 and multidrug resistance protein 2. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 78:214-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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de Souza VT, de Franco ÉPD, de Araújo MEMB, Messias MCF, Priviero FBM, Frankland Sawaya ACH, de Oliveira Carvalho P. Characterization of the antioxidant activity of aglycone and glycosylated derivatives of hesperetin: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Mol Recognit 2015; 29:80-7. [PMID: 26370929 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids are mainly present in Citrus fruits as their glycosyl derivatives. This study was conducted comparing in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the aglycone hesperetin and its glycosylated forms (hesperidin and G-hesperidin) and their effects on the plasma lipid profile and the oxidative-antioxidative system (TBARS and antioxidant enzymes) in rats. The concentrations of the major conjugated metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of these compounds were also determined. Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n=6) supplemented for 30 days with 1 mmol/kg body mass of hesperetin, hesperidin or G-hesperidin. Hesperetin was a stronger xanthine oxidase inhibitor (IC50=53 μM and Ki=17.3 μM) than the glycosylate derivatives. Supplementation with the three compounds led to a lower (more favorable) atherogenic index, and an antioxidant preventive effect from the increase of hepatic superoxide dismutase was observed associated to HT supplementation, possibly because of the higher level of hesperetin-glucuronide in rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Trícoli de Souza
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Élida Paula Dini de Franco
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Melo Branco de Araújo
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Fernandes Messias
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bruschi Marinho Priviero
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia de Oliveira Carvalho
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, San Francisco University, São Francisco de Assis Avenue, 218. Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
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Adelli GR, Hingorani T, Punyamurthula N, Balguri SP, Majumdar S. Evaluation of topical hesperetin matrix film for back-of-the-eye delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 92:74-82. [PMID: 25728824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of the present study was to develop a poly (ethylene oxide) N10 (PEO N10) based melt-cast matrix system for efficient and prolonged delivery of hesperetin (HT), a promising bioflavonoid, to the posterior segment of the eye through the topical route. METHODS HT film was prepared by melt-cast method using PEO N10 and cut into 4mm×2mm segments, each weighing 8mg. This film was evaluated with respect to in vitro release rates and also transmembrane delivery across Spectra/Por® membrane (MWCO: 10,000 Daltons) and isolated rabbit corneas. Ocular tissue concentrations were also determined postapplication of the film in ex vivo and in vivo models. RESULTS HT release from the film was determined to be about 95.3% within 2h. In vitro transcorneal flux was observed to be 0.58±0.05μg/min/cm(2) across the isolated rabbit cornea. High levels of HT were detected in the retina-choroid (RC) and vitreous humor (VH) in the ex vivo model following topical application of the film. Significant levels of HT were observed in both anterior and posterior segment ocular tissues 1h post topical application of the 10 and 20%w/w HT films on the rabbit eye. Moreover, HT was detected in the VH and RC even after 6h following topical application of the film in vivo. CONCLUSION The results from this study suggest that the melt-cast films can serve as a viable platform for sustained topical delivery of bioflavonoids, and other therapeutic agents, into the back-of-the eye tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutham R Adelli
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Tushar Hingorani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Nagendra Punyamurthula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Sai Prachetan Balguri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA; National Center for Natural Product Research, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA.
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14
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Duan Y, Cai X, Du H, Zhai G. Novel in situ gel systems based on P123/TPGS mixed micelles and gellan gum for ophthalmic delivery of curcumin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:322-330. [PMID: 25707750 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenol compound, has been widely reported for diverse pharmacological effects and already been investigated for eye diseases. However, the water-insolubility of curcumin and the inherent penetration barriers in cornea make it difficult for curcumin to enter eye. This work aimed to develop ion-sensitive curcumin-loaded Pluronic P123 (P123)/D-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycolsuccinate (TPGS) mixed micelle in situ gels (CUR-MM-ISGs) to prolong ocular retention time and improve cornea permeability. Central composite design-response surface methodology was applied for the optimization of curcumin-loaded P123/TPGS mixed micelles (CUR-MMs). Characterization tests showed that CUR-MMs were in spherical shape with small size and low critical micelle concentration. After dispersing the micelles in gellan gum solution (0.2%, w/w) at the ratio of 3:1 and 1:1 (v/v), respectively, CUR-MM-ISGs were formed and presented transparent appearance. Sustained release profile was obtained in vitro for both CUR-MM-ISGs (3:1 or 1:1, v/v). The irritation test proved that CUR-MM-ISGs as ophthalmic formulations were gentle and biocompatible towards ocular tissues. In addition, the ex vivo corneal penetration study indicated that the cumulative drug permeation amount of CUR-MM-ISGs (3:1, v/v) was respectively 1.16-fold and 1.32-fold higher than CUR-MM-ISGs (1:1, v/v) and curcumin solution. It can be concluded from these results that the developed ion-sensitive mixed micelle in situ gel system is a potential ophthalmic delivery carrier for curcumin as a poorly soluble drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongliang Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China.
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15
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Roohbakhsh A, Parhiz H, Soltani F, Rezaee R, Iranshahi M. Neuropharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics of the citrus flavonoids hesperidin and hesperetin — A mini-review. Life Sci 2014; 113:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Fan J, de Lannoy IA. Pharmacokinetics. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 87:93-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Sowa M, Ślepokura K, Matczak-Jon E. Cocrystals of fisetin, luteolin and genistein with pyridinecarboxamide coformers: crystal structures, analysis of intermolecular interactions, spectral and thermal characterization. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fathi M, Mohebbi M, Varshosaz J, Shahidi F. Cellular Automata Modeling of Hesperetin Release Phenomenon from Lipid Nanocarriers. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-012-0995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hesperetin ameliorates hyperglycemia induced retinal vasculopathy via anti-angiogenic effects in experimental diabetic rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:201-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Srirangam R, Hippalgaonkar K, Avula B, Khan IA, Majumdar S. Evaluation of the intravenous and topical routes for ocular delivery of hesperidin and hesperetin. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2012; 28:618-27. [PMID: 22794525 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2012.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine the ocular bioavailability of hesperidin and hesperetin, especially with respect to their distribution into the posterior segment of the eye, following systemic and topical administration in rabbits. METHODS Hesperidin and hesperetin were administered either intravenously or topically to male New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits. Vitreous humor and plasma samples were collected after intravenous administration and analyzed to estimate the concentrations of the parent compounds and their metabolites. Ocular tissue concentrations, obtained on topical administration of hesperidin and hesperetin, were also determined. RESULTS In the systemic circulation, hesperidin and hesperetin were rapidly metabolized into their glucuronides, which are extremely hydrophilic in nature. Vitreal samples did not demonstrate any detectable levels of hesperidin/hesperetin following intravenous administration. Topical administration produced significant concentrations of hesperidin/hesperetin in all the ocular tissues tested at the 1 and 3 hours time points postdosing, with hesperetin showing higher levels compared to hesperidin. However, only low levels were generated in the vitreous humor. Inclusion of a penetration enhancer, benzalkonium chloride (BAK), improved the back-of-the-eye hesperetin levels. CONCLUSIONS Ocular delivery of hesperidin/hesperetin via the systemic route does not seem to be feasible considering the rapid generation of the hydrophilic metabolites. Topical application appears to be more promising and needs to be further developed/refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Srirangam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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Srirangam R, Hippalgaonkar K, Majumdar S. Intravitreal kinetics of hesperidin, hesperetin, and hesperidin G: effect of dose and physicochemical properties. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:1631-8. [PMID: 22228207 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside, and its aglycone hesperetin are potential candidates for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. The objective of this study was to delineate vitreal pharmacokinetics of hesperidin and hesperetin and the hydrophilic derivative glucosyl hesperidin (hesperidin G) following intravitreal administration in anaesthetized rabbits. Concentration changes in vitreous humor were monitored using microdialysis sampling procedure. All three molecules were administered intravitreally at three dose levels (50 µL injection volume containing 1.5, 4.5, and 15 µg of the drug, resulting in a final vitreal concentration of 1, 3, and 10 µg/mL). Vitreal microdialysis samples were collected every 20 min over a period of 10 h. All three molecules exhibited linear pharmacokinetics within the dose range tested because area under the curve and maximum concentration (C(max) ) increased linearly with increasing dose and a significant difference in the elimination parameters such as clearance or half-life was not observed. The vitreal elimination half-life of these three compounds was observed to correlate with the molecular weight and lipophilicity of the molecules. The findings from this study provide practical information that will be useful in the future design of ocular drug delivery strategies for bioflavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Srirangam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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Kobayashi S, Nagai T, Konishi Y, Tanabe S, Morimoto K, Ogihara T. Transport mechanisms of flavanone aglycones across Caco-2 cell monolayers and artificial PAMPA membranes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 64:52-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
We recently reported that flavanone aglycones (hesperetin, naringenin and eriodictyol) are efficiently absorbed via proton-coupled active transport, in addition to transcellular passive diffusion, in Caco-2 cells. Here, we aimed to evaluate in detail the absorption mechanisms of these flavanones, as well as homoeriodictyol and sakuranetin.
Methods
We evaluated the absorption mechanisms of the above compounds by means of in vitro studies in Caco-2 cells in parallel with an artificial membrane permeation assay (PAMPA) under pH-gradient and iso-pH conditions.
Key findings
Comparison of the permeability characteristics of flavanones in Caco-2 cells and in PAMPA under these conditions, as well as a consideration of the physicochemical properties, indicated that hesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol and homoeriodictyol were efficiently transported by passive diffusion according to the pH-partition hypothesis, except in the case of sakuranetin. However, transport of all flavanones were remarkably temperature-dependent, and was significantly reduced when Caco-2 cells were treated with amino acid-modifying reagents.
Conclusions
Our data confirm that both passive diffusion and an active transport mechanism contribute to flavanone absorption through human intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Kobayashi
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshitada Nagai
- Department of Food and Life-Science, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gumma, Japan
| | - Yutaka Konishi
- Laboratory for Core Technology Development, Kirin Beverage Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Soichi Tanabe
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaori Morimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuo Ogihara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gunma, Japan
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