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Annaji M, Mita N, Heard J, Kang X, Poudel I, Fasina O, Baskaran P, Boddu SHS, Tiwari AK, Chen P, Lyman CC, Babu RJ. 3D-Printed Capsaicin-Loaded Injectable Implants for Targeted Delivery in Obese Patients. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:200. [PMID: 37783858 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia are a growing public health concern leading to various metabolic disorders. Capsaicin, a major bioactive compound obtained from natural chili peppers, has demonstrated its numerous beneficial roles in treating obesity and weight loss. Current treatment involves either administration of antiobesity drugs or surgical procedures such as Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, both of which are associated with serious side effects and poor patient acceptance. Capsaicin, a pungent molecule, has low oral bioavailability. Therefore, there is a need for the development of site-specific drug delivery system for capsaicin. The present study is aimed at preparing and characterizing 3D-printed capsaicin-loaded rod-shaped implants by thermoplastic extrusion-based 3D printing technology. The implants were printed with capsaicin-loaded into a biodegradable polymer, polycaprolactone, at different drug loadings and infill densities. The surface morphology revealed a smooth and uniform external surface without any capsaicin crystals. DSC thermograms showed no significant changes/exothermic events among the blends suggesting no drug polymer interactions. The in vitro release studies showed a biphasic release profile for capsaicin, and the release was sustained for more than three months (~ 85% released) irrespective of drug loading and infill densities. The HPLC method was stability-indicating and showed good resolution for its analogs, dihydrocapsaicin and nordihydrocapsaicin. The implants were stable for three months at accelerated conditions (40°C) without any significant decrease in the assay of capsaicin. Therefore, capsaicin-loaded implants can serve as a long-acting injectable formulation for targeting the adipose tissue region in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Annaji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Nur Mita
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia
| | - Jessica Heard
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Xuejia Kang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Ishwor Poudel
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Oladiran Fasina
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Padmamalini Baskaran
- College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, 20059, USA
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, USA
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Candace C Lyman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA.
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Low Drug Loading Hampers the Clinical Translation of Peptide Drugs-Containing Metered-Dose Inhalers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040389. [PMID: 35455386 PMCID: PMC9031202 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based drugs have attracted extensive attention from the medical and pharmaceutical industry because of their relatively high safety and efficacy. However, most of the peptide drugs approved are administrated by injection, which can easily cause poor patient compliance. In this circumstance, pulmonary administration as an alternative to injection administration can not only avoid the above issue but also accelerate the absorption rate of peptide drugs and improve bioavailability. Among the pulmonary delivery systems available on the market, metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) have emerged as appealing candidates for pulmonary delivery systems with clinical translational value, owing to their many merits, including portable, easy-to-operate, and cost-effective properties. Nevertheless, the industrialization of peptide drugs-containing MDIs encounters a bottleneck of low drug loading, owing to the incompatibility between the propellant and the peptide drugs, which cannot be effectively overcome by the current carrier particle encapsulation strategy. Herein, we put forward the following strategies: (1) To screen amphiphilic materials with high surface activity and strong interaction with peptide drugs; (2) To construct a chemical connection between peptide drugs and amphiphilic substances; (3) To optimize the cosolvent for dispersing peptide drugs. We suppose these strategies have the potential to defeat the bottleneck problem and provide a new idea for the industrialization of peptide drugs-containing MDIs.
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Kumar SR, Mehta CH, Nayak UY. Long-Acting Formulations: A Promising Approach for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:876-889. [PMID: 32634073 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200707122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Medication and patient adherence are the two main aspects of any successful treatment of chronic disease. Even though diseases and its treatment existed for several hundred years, the treatment optimization for a given patient is still a researcher question for scientists. There are differences in treatment duration, prognostic signs and symptoms between patient to patient. Hence, designing ideal formulation to suit individual patient is a challenging task. The conventional formulations like oral solids and liquids gives a partial or incomplete treatment because the patient needs to follow the daily pills for a longer time. In such cases, the long-acting formulations will have better patient compliances as drug will be released for a longer duration. Many such approaches are under the clinical investigation. The favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships, will be promising option for the treatment of chronic diseases. In this review, we have highlighted the importance of long-acting formulations in the treatment of chronic diseases and the advent of newer formulation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaraju R Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chetan H Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Usha Y Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Liu J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Ren H, Meng Z, Liu K, Liu Z, Huang H, Li X. Proton Oriented-"Smart Depot" for Responsive Release of Ca 2+ to Inhibit Peptide Acylation in PLGA Microspheres. Pharm Res 2019; 36:119. [PMID: 31165279 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to characterize and detail the mechanism of a smart Ca2+ release depot (Ca3(PO4)2) about its ability for sustainable inhibition on peptide acylation within PLGA microspheres. METHODS The octreotide acetate release and acylation kinetics were analyzed by RP-HPLC. Changes of Ca2+ concentration and adsorption behavior were determined by a Calcium Colorimetric Assay Kit. The inner pH changes were delineated by a classic pH sensitive probe, Lysosensor yellow/ blue® dextran. Morphological changes of microspheres, adsorption between polymer and additive, transformation of Ca3(PO4)2 were characterized using SEM, FTIR and SSNMR separately. RESULTS Before and after microspheres formulation, the property and effectiveness of Ca3(PO4)2 were investigated. Compared with a commonly used calcium salt (CaCl2), high encapsulation efficiency (96.56%) of Ca3(PO4)2 guarantees lasting effectiveness. In an increasingly acidic environment that simulated polymer degradation, the poorly water-soluble Ca3(PO4)2 could absorb protons and transform into the more and more soluble CaHPO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2 to produce sufficient Ca2+ according to severity of acylation. The corresponding Ca2+ produce capacity fully met the optimum inhibition requirement since the real-time adsorption sites (water-soluble carboxylic acids) inside the degrading microspheres were rare. A sustained retention of three switchable calcium salts and slow release of Ca2+ were observed during the microsphere incubation. FTIR results confirmed the long-term inhibition effect induced by Ca3(PO4)2 on the adsorption between drug and polymer. CONCLUSIONS With the presence of the smart Ca2+ depot (Ca3(PO4)2) in the microspheres, a sustainable and long-term inhibition of peptide acylation was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Hao Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhengjie Meng
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Kuntang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Xueming Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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Zhang T, Qin XY, Cao X, Li WH, Gong T, Zhang ZR. Thymopentin-loaded phospholipid-based phase separation gel with long-lasting immunomodulatory effects: in vitro and in vivo studies. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:514-521. [PMID: 30002492 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymopentin (TP5) is an effective immunomodulatory agent for autoimmune disease that has been used clinically for decades. However, its application is greatly limited by its extremely short half-life in vivo, poor membrane permeability and extensive metabolism in gastrointestinal tract, resulting in repeated injection and poor patient compliance. In the present study, we developed a TP5-loaded, phospholipid-based phase separation gel (PPSG) to achieve sustained drug release profile and long-lasting therapeutic effects. We firstly demonstrated the physiochemical characteristics of PPSG before and after phase transition by examining the viscosity and morphology change caused by the phase transition. Moreover, the PPSG exerted a low cytotoxicity in L929 cells and HUVECs, suggesting the biocompatibility of PPSG. A month-long drug release profile of TP5 PPSG was observed both in vitro and in vivo, revealing its sustained and controlled drug release property. Most importantly, in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressive rats, a single dose of TP5 PPSG (15 mg/kg, sc) injected could normalize their T-SOD levels and CD4+/CD8+ ratio; such an immunoregulatory effect was comparable to that produced by repeated injection of TP5 solution (0.6 mg/kg per day, sc) for 14 consecutive days. Thus, TP5 PPSG has a great potential for sustained delivery of TP5 in clinical use because of its simple manufacture process, good biocompatibility and long-lasting immunomodulatory efficacy, which could greatly improve patient compliance.
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Peng K, Wu C, Wei G, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Sun X. Implantable sandwich PHBHHx film for burst-free controlled delivery of thymopentin peptide. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:432-439. [PMID: 29881682 PMCID: PMC5990338 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained release and non-parental formulations of peptides and protein drugs are highly desirable because of enhanced therapeutic effects as well as improved patient compliance. This is especially true for small peptides such as thymopentin (TP5). To this end, implantable sandwich poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) films were designed to prolong release time and to inhibit burst release phenomenon of TP5 by a simple volatilization method. In vitro release studies revealed that sandwich films had nearly no burst release. In vivo release time of sandwich films was prolonged to 42 days. Pharmacodynamic evaluation demonstrated that TP5 sandwich films significantly increased survival rates in a rat immunosuppressive model and normalized CD4+/CD8+ values. These results suggest that TP5 released from sandwich films can attenuate cyclophosphamide's immunosuppressive activity, and possibly achieve results comparable to daily TP5 injection therapy. Thus, sandwich PHBHHx films show excellent potential as a sustained, burst-free release system for small molecular weight, hydrophilic peptide drugs.
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Tan Y, Wang W, Wu C, Pan Z, Yao G, Fang L, Su W. Myristic acid-modified thymopentin for enhanced plasma stability and immune-modulating activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 47:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tamaddon L, Mostafavi SA, Karkhane R, Riazi-Esfahani M, Dorkoosh FA, Rafiee-Tehrani M. Thermoanalytical characterization of clindamycin-loaded intravitreal implants prepared by hot melt extrusion. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:147. [PMID: 26322295 PMCID: PMC4549919 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.161563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate a non-destructive fabrication method in for the development of sustained-release poly (L, D-lactic acid)-based biodegradable clindamycin phosphate implants for the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rod-shaped intravitreal implants with an average length of 5 mm and a diameter of 0.4 mm were evaluated for their physicochemical parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) studies were employed in order to study the characteristics of these formulations. RESULTS Drug content uniformity test confirmed the uniformity in different implant batches. Furthermore, the DSC, FTIR, and 1H NMR studies proved that the fabrication process did not have any destructive effects either on the drug or on the polymer structures. CONCLUSION These studies showed that the developed sustained-release implants could be of interest for long-term sustained intraocular delivery of clindamycin, which can provide better patient compliance and also have good potential in terms of industrial feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Tamaddon
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolfazl Mostafavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Karkhane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Shi M, Yang Y, Zhou X, Cai L, Fang C, Wang C, Sun H, Sun Y, Gao Y, Gu J, Fawcett JP. Determination of thymopentin in beagle dog blood by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1351-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyun Shi
- College of Life Science; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Life Science; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhou
- College of Life Science; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Cai
- College of Life Science; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Chunxue Fang
- College of Life Science; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Life Science; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Heping Sun
- College of Life Science; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Yantong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Yin Gao
- Department of Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
- Clinical Pharmacology Center; Research Institute of Translational Medicine; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - J. Paul Fawcett
- School of Pharmacy; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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Cao H, Chen LB, Liu YS, Xiu H, Wang H. Poly-D, L-lactide and levofloxacin-blended beads: A sustained local releasing system to treat osteomyelitis. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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