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Loo SJ, Lim CY, Heng PWS, Chan LW. Study of compaction tools and parameters on critical quality attributes of high drug load minitablets. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123806. [PMID: 38220119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Minitablets are prepared using multiple die openings and multi-tip punches for greater productivity. With multiple tips on the punch barrel, the overall compaction force to be applied is commonly estimated by multiplying the desired compaction force per tip by the number of punch tips. Few researchers have however examined this proportionality and the effects of the number of punch tips and punch face geometry on the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of high drug load minitablets. In this study, the minitablets prepared by multi-tip tools exhibited greater weight variation than those prepared by single-tip tools. Their compaction was accompanied by a longer dwell time that led to a higher minitablet tensile strength and consequently a longer disintegration time. The compaction forces required to achieve a consistent set of minitablet CQAs were not directly proportional to the number of punch tips used. In comparison, the effect of punch face geometry was negligible. Increasing concentration of magnesium stearate (as lubricant) from 0.75 to 1.25 %, w/w reduced weight variation, especially of minitablets prepared by the multi-tip tools. It also increased the disintegration time but had no significant effect on the tensile strength of the minitablets regardless of type of tools used. The adjustment of compaction speed was an effective compensatory method to mitigate the differences in dwell time and tensile strength between minitablets prepared by single-tip and multi-tip standard concave tools. A larger reduction in compaction speed of the single-tip tools was required at higher compaction pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Jun Loo
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Cheng Yee Lim
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Paul Wan Sia Heng
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lai Wah Chan
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Puckhaber D, Finke JH, David S, Gururajan B, Rane S, Kwade A. Effect of particle size on the dispersion behavior of magnesium stearate blended with microcrystalline cellulose. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123792. [PMID: 38190952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The majority of tablets manufactured contain lubricants to reduce friction during ejection. However, especially for plastically deforming materials, e.g., microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), the internal addition of lubricants is known to reduce tablet tensile strength. This reduction is caused by the surface coverage by lubricant particles, the extent of which depends on both process and formulation parameters. Previously published models to predict the lubrication effect on mechanical strength do not account for changes in the excipient particle size. In this study, the impact of both lubricant concentration and mixing time on the tensile strength of tablets consisting of three different grades of MCC and four grades of magnesium stearate (MgSt) was evaluated. By taking into account the particle size of the applied excipients, a unifying relationship between the theoretically estimated surface coverage and compactibility reduction was identified. Evaluating the dispersion kinetics of MgSt as a function of time reveals a substantial impact of the initial surface coverage on the dispersion rate, while the minimal tensile strength was found to be comparable for the majority of formulations. In summary, the presented work extends the knowledge of lubricant dispersion and facilitates the reduction of necessary experiments during the development of new tablet formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Puckhaber
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Henrik Finke
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Arno Kwade
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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3
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Puckhaber D, Kwade A, Finke JH. Investigation of Dispersion Kinetics of Particulate Lubricants and their Effect on the Mechanical Strength of MCC Tablets. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2479-2492. [PMID: 37752367 PMCID: PMC10661788 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tablets are commonly produced by internally adding particulate lubricants, which are known to possibly lower the mechanical strength of tablets. This reduction is caused by the coverage of matrix forming components by lubricant particles, resulting in decreased interparticulate interactions. The known incompatibilities with some active compounds of the predominantly used lubricant, magnesium stearate, call for the in-depth characterization of alternative lubricants. PURPOSE Investigation of the dispersion behavior of five commonly applied pharmaceutical lubricants by mathematically modeling the dispersion kinetics for short and extended mixing times. METHODS The dispersion behavior of five different pharmaceutical lubricants were examined by systematically varying lubricant concentration and mixing time of binary formulations and evaluating the kinetic of tensile strength reduction by theoretically estimating the surface coverage based on particle sizes. RESULTS For short mixing times, a unifying relationship between compactibility reduction and theoretical surface coverage was identified. Subsequently, for extended mixing times, distinct differences in the shear strength and dispersion kinetics of the investigated lubricants were found. CONCLUSIONS The lubricant particle size controls the tensile strength reduction if short mixing times are applied. For extended mixing times, the investigated lubricants can be divided into two groups in terms of dispersion kinetics. Possible underlying reasons are discussed in detail in order to enhance the general understanding of lubricant dispersions in tablet formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Puckhaber
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Arno Kwade
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Henrik Finke
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Interpretable artificial neural networks for retrospective QbD of pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing based on a pilot-scale developmental dataset. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122620. [PMID: 36669581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As the pharmaceutical industry increasingly adopts the Pharma 4.0. concept, there is a growing need to effectively predict the product quality based on manufacturing or in-process data. Although artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as powerful tools in data-rich environments, their implementation in pharmaceutical manufacturing is hindered by their black-box nature. In this work, ANNs were developed and interpreted to demonstrate their applicability to increase process understanding by retrospective analysis of developmental or manufacturing data. The in vitro dissolution and hardness of extended-release, directly compressed tablets were predicted from manufacturing and spectroscopic data of pilot-scale development. The ANNs using material attributes and operational parameters provided better results than using NIR or Raman spectra as predictors. ANNs were interpreted by sensitivity analysis, helping to identify the root cause of the batch-to-batch variability, e.g., the variability in particle size, grade, or substitution of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose excipient. An ANN-based control strategy was also successfully utilized to mitigate the batch-to-batch variability by flexibly operating the tableting process. The presented methodology can be adapted to arbitrary data-rich manufacturing steps from active substance synthesis to formulation to predict the quality from manufacturing or development data and gain process understanding and consistent product quality.
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Schomberg A, Kwade A, Finke J. Modeling gravity filling of dies on a rotary tablet press. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Parameter optimization in a continuous direct compression process of commercially batch-produced bisoprolol tablets. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Puckhaber D, Kathrin Schomberg A, Kwade A, Henrik Finke J. A compactibility-based lubricant dispersion model describing the effect of formulation and paddle speed. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Peddapatla RVG, Slevin C, Sheridan G, Beirne C, Swaminathan S, Browning I, O’Reilly C, Worku ZA, Egan D, Sheehan S, Crean AM. Modelling the Compaction Step of a Platform Direct Compression Process. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040695. [PMID: 35456529 PMCID: PMC9027228 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to predict formulation behaviour at production scale during formulation design can reduce the time to market and decrease product development costs. However, it is challenging to extrapolate compaction settings for direct compression formulations between tablet press models during scale-up and transfer from R&D to commercial production. The aim of this study was to develop statistical process models to predict tablet tensile strength, porosity and disintegration time from compaction parameters (pre-compression and main compression force, and press speed), for three formulations, with differing deformation characteristics (plastic, brittle and elastic), on three tablet press models (one pilot-scale tablet press (KG RoTab) and two production-scale presses (Fette 1200i and GEA Modul P)). The deformation characteristics of yield pressure and elastic recovery were determined for the model placebo formulations investigated. To facilitate comparison of dwell time settings between tablet press models, the design of experiments (DoE) approach was 9 individual 16-run response surface DoEs (3 formulation × 3 press models), whose results were combined to create a polynomial regression model for each tablet property. These models predicted tablet tensile strength, porosity and disintegration time and enabled the construction of design spaces to produce tablets with specified target properties, for each formulation on each press. The models were successfully validated. This modelling approach provides an understanding of the compaction behaviour of formulations with varying deformation behaviour on development and commercial tablet press models. This understanding can be applied to inform achievable production rates at a commercial scale, during the formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu V. G. Peddapatla
- SSPC Pharmaceutical Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (R.V.G.P.); (A.M.C.)
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (C.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
| | - Conor Slevin
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (C.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre (PMTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Gerard Sheridan
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (C.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre (PMTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Caoimhe Beirne
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (C.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
| | | | - Ivan Browning
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (C.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
| | - Clare O’Reilly
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (C.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
| | - Zelalem A. Worku
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (C.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
| | - David Egan
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre (PMTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Stephen Sheehan
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (C.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-877-413-140
| | - Abina M. Crean
- SSPC Pharmaceutical Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (R.V.G.P.); (A.M.C.)
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Furukawa R, Singh R, Ierapetritou M. Experimental investigation and modelling of tensile strength of pharmaceutical tablets based on shear force applied by feed frame paddles. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120908. [PMID: 34298106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The feed frame is an essential device used in a rotary tablet press and it improves the performance of the powder filling process into dies. However, the feed frame affects critical quality attributes such as a tensile strength and a dissolution negatively due to a shear applied to powders from feed frame paddles, leading to over-lubrication. This effects may be significant for shear sensitive materials. The work focuses on the effect of tablet press parameters (die disk speed and feed frame speed) and mixture composition (amount of magnesium stearate) on the tensile strength and the prediction of the tensile strength by considering the extent of shear. It is found that within the investigated range of tablet press parameters and the amount of magnesium stearate, the feed frame speed and the amount of magnesium stearate have an impact on the tensile strength. Furthermore, a lubrication model based on the extent of shear is presented to predict the decreasing trend of the tensile strength of tablets during tableting process and the results demonstrate that the prediction of tensile strength is in good agreement with experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Furukawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Department, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 3-16-89, Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8505, Japan
| | - Ravendra Singh
- Engineering Research Center for Structured Organic Particulate Systems (C-SOPS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Marianthi Ierapetritou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Peddapatla RVG, Sheridan G, Slevin C, Swaminathan S, Browning I, O’Reilly C, Worku ZA, Egan D, Sheehan S, Crean AM. Process Model Approach to Predict Tablet Weight Variability for Direct Compression Formulations at Pilot and Production Scale. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071033. [PMID: 34371725 PMCID: PMC8308976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimizing processing conditions to achieve a critical quality attribute (CQA) is an integral part of pharmaceutical quality by design (QbD). It identifies combinations of material and processing parameters ensuring that processing conditions achieve a targeted CQA. Optimum processing conditions are formulation and equipment-dependent. Therefore, it is challenging to translate a process design between formulations, pilot-scale and production-scale equipment. In this study, an empirical model was developed to determine optimum processing conditions for direct compression formulations with varying flow properties, across pilot- and production-scale tablet presses. The CQA of interest was tablet weight variability, expressed as percentage relative standard deviation. An experimental design was executed for three model placebo blends with varying flow properties. These blends were compacted on one pilot-scale and two production-scale presses. The process model developed enabled the optimization of processing parameters for each formulation, on each press, with respect to a target tablet weight variability of <1%RSD. The model developed was successfully validated using data for additional placebo and active formulations. Validation formulations were benchmarked to formulations used for model development, employing permeability index values to indicate blend flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu V. G. Peddapatla
- SSPC Pharmaceutical Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (R.V.G.P.); (A.M.C.)
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (G.S.); (C.S.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
| | - Gerard Sheridan
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (G.S.); (C.S.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre (PMTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Conor Slevin
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (G.S.); (C.S.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre (PMTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | | | - Ivan Browning
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (G.S.); (C.S.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
| | - Clare O’Reilly
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (G.S.); (C.S.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
| | - Zelalem A. Worku
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (G.S.); (C.S.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
| | - David Egan
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre (PMTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Stephen Sheehan
- Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, N37 EA09 Athlone, Ireland; (G.S.); (C.S.); (I.B.); (C.O.); (Z.A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-877-413-140
| | - Abina M. Crean
- SSPC Pharmaceutical Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (R.V.G.P.); (A.M.C.)
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Kim EJ, Kim JH, Kim MS, Jeong SH, Choi DH. Process Analytical Technology Tools for Monitoring Pharmaceutical Unit Operations: A Control Strategy for Continuous Process Verification. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:919. [PMID: 34205797 PMCID: PMC8234957 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various frameworks and methods, such as quality by design (QbD), real time release test (RTRT), and continuous process verification (CPV), have been introduced to improve drug product quality in the pharmaceutical industry. The methods recognize that an appropriate combination of process controls and predefined material attributes and intermediate quality attributes (IQAs) during processing may provide greater assurance of product quality than end-product testing. The efficient analysis method to monitor the relationship between process and quality should be used. Process analytical technology (PAT) was introduced to analyze IQAs during the process of establishing regulatory specifications and facilitating continuous manufacturing improvement. Although PAT was introduced in the pharmaceutical industry in the early 21st century, new PAT tools have been introduced during the last 20 years. In this review, we present the recent pharmaceutical PAT tools and their application in pharmaceutical unit operations. Based on unit operations, the significant IQAs monitored by PAT are presented to establish a control strategy for CPV and real time release testing (RTRT). In addition, the equipment type used in unit operation, PAT tools, multivariate statistical tools, and mathematical preprocessing are introduced, along with relevant literature. This review suggests that various PAT tools are rapidly advancing, and various IQAs are efficiently and precisely monitored in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, PAT could be a fundamental tool for the present QbD and CPV to improve drug product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae-si, Gyeongnam 621-749, Korea; (E.J.K.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae-si, Gyeongnam 621-749, Korea; (E.J.K.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 heon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Du Hyung Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae-si, Gyeongnam 621-749, Korea; (E.J.K.); (J.H.K.)
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Lura A, Elezaj V, Kokott M, Fischer B, Breitkreutz J. Transfer and scale-up of the manufacturing of orodispersible mini-tablets from a compaction simulator to an industrial rotary tablet press. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120636. [PMID: 33895296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Orodispersible mini-tablets (ODMTs) are a promising dosage form for the pediatric use showing increasing interest from pharmaceutical industry. However, a scale-up process for ODMTs from a compaction simulator to a rotary tablet press following FDA and EMA guidelines has not been performed and investigated yet. Isomalt (galenIQ™721) and Ludiflash® both excipients with proven suitability for the development of ODMTs have been investigated in transfer and scale-up from a compaction simulator to a rotary tablet press. ODMTs with isomalt and Ludiflash® were produced on the rotary tablet press monitoring the product temperature over time and assessing the properties of the residual powder in the feed shoe. Critical quality attributes like tensile strength, mass and disintegration time were evaluated. The transfer from compaction simulator to rotary tablet press succeeded as for both excipients similar disintegration times, tabletability and compactibility profiles were obtained. However, during scale-up, disintegration time significantly increases over time for both excipients. Monitoring of the product temperature revealed that with increasing batch size the product temperature increases as well having a significant impact on disintegration time. The properties of ODMTs produced with the residual powder are comparable in tabletability and disintegration time compared with ODMTs produced from fresh powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ard Lura
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Valentinë Elezaj
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel Kokott
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Fischer
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Nauka E, So C, Yost E, Mao C, Narang AS. A Scale-Up, Phenomenological Model Incorporating the Effect of Both Feed Frame Lubrication and Tumble Blending-Driven Lubrication on Tablet Mechanical Strength. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2669-2676. [PMID: 33610569 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In tablet manufacturing, mixing operations in tumble blending (TB) and in the feed frame (FF) of the rotary press can both increase lubricity, negatively influencing the tablet mechanical strength. While the TB-driven lubrication was systematically studied, no reliable bench-scale methods exist for the effect of FF lubrication. Because TB and FF mixing are usually two successive operations in tablet manufacturing, we developed a phenomenological model to incorporate the impact of TB-driven lubrication and the FF lubrication on the tablet tensile strength (TS). We noted that exponential decay functions can describe the evolution of the tablet TS as the function of the extent of TB, as well as the residence time in FF. Hence, the overall lubrication sensitivity can be modeled by incorporating two distinct exponential decay functions. The model can be calibrated through bench-scale experiments. Using an investigational powder blend, we showed that this approach accurately predicted the tablet TS in a scale-up tablet compression study, thereby verifying its utility. This model can serve as a scale-up diagnostic and risk-assessment tool, with the ability to adjust the overall effect of lubrication by changing the TB scale and the FF residence time commensurate with the large-scale operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Nauka
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc, One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chi So
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc, One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Edward Yost
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc, One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chen Mao
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc, One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Ajit S Narang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc, One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Prikeržnik M, Srčič S. Multivariate analysis for optimization and validation of the industrial tablet-manufacturing process. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 47:61-71. [PMID: 33190569 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1851244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed initially to optimize the industrial tablet-manufacturing process using multivariate analysis, and then to validate the model obtained. The study also provides a comprehensive review of the influence of different factors on relevant biopharmaceutical parameters. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first time multivariate analysis has been applied to such a broad set of industrial data to investigate the influence of starting materials and the tablet-manufacturing processes on drug dissolution. METHODS Partial least squares regression was retrospectively applied to the data obtained from 2 years production, to study the influence of 90 factors on dissolution of tablets that contained two active pharmaceutical ingredients. The model established was verified using the worst-case approach and process validation. RESULTS Croscarmellose sodium had the most significant influence on drug dissolution, with the next significant factors as sodium chloride and sodium glycolate content, settling volume, particle size, suspension pH, loss on drying, and maximum temperature during drying. Loss on drying of microcrystalline cellulose and specific surface area of magnesium stearate were also essential factors. Among the process parameters, auger speed during roller compaction, compression speed, and force feeder speed during tablet compression had significant impacts on the tablet dissolution rate. The multivariate model created satisfied the process validation. CONCLUSIONS This multivariate analysis is a useful tool to predict and optimize critical material attributes and process parameters. The variability of the materials can be successfully compensated for using various process parameters, to ensure consistent approved drug quality, to thus provide better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Prikeržnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Lek Pharmaceuticals, d. d, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanko Srčič
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Takahashi T, Toyota H, Kuroiwa Y, Kondo H, Dohi M, Hakomori T, Nakamura M, Takeuchi H. Application of novel compaction indicator for the optimization of compaction conditions based on a compaction simulation study. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119574. [PMID: 32599133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Takahashi
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan; Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Process Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora-higashi, Gifu 502-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Toyota
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kuroiwa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Hisami Kondo
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Masafumi Dohi
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hakomori
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Process Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora-higashi, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
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16
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Scaling Tableting Processes from Compaction Simulator to Rotary Presses-Mind the Sub-Processes. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040310. [PMID: 32244401 PMCID: PMC7238235 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compaction simulators are frequently used in the formulation and process development of tablets, bringing about the advantages of flexibility, low material consumption, and high instrumentation to generate the most possible process understanding. However, their capability of resembling general aspects of rotary press compaction and their precision in simulating or mimicking sub-processes such as feeding and filling need to be systematically studied. The effect of material deformation behavior, blend composition, and feeding on tensile strength and simulation precision as compared with rotary presses of different scales is evaluated in this study. Generally, good simulation performance was found for the studied compaction simulator. Compaction profile-sensitivity was demonstrated for highly visco-plastic materials while shear-sensitivity in feeding was demonstrated for lubricated blends of ductile particles. Strategies for the compensation of both in compaction simulator experiments are presented by careful investigation of the compaction stress over time profiles and introduction of a compaction simulator-adapted shear number approach to account for differences in layout and operation mode between compaction simulator and rotary press, respectively. These approaches support the general aim of this study to provide a more straightforward determination of scaling process parameters between rotary press and compaction simulator and facilitate a quicker and more reliable process transfer.
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17
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Impact of Particle and Equipment Properties on Residence Time Distribution of Pharmaceutical Excipients in Rotary Tablet Presses. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030283. [PMID: 32245219 PMCID: PMC7151020 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paddle feeders are devices commonly used in rotary tablet presses to facilitate constant and efficient die filling. Adversely, the shear stress applied by the rotating paddles is known to affect the bulk properties of the processed powder dependent on the residence time. This study focuses on the residence time distribution (RTD) of two commonly applied excipients (microcrystalline cellulose, MCC; dicalcium phosphate, DCP), which exhibit different flow properties inside rotary tablet presses. To realistically depict the powder flow inside rotary tablet presses, custom-made tracer powder was developed. The applied method was proven to be appropriate as the tracer and bulk powder showed comparable properties. The RTDs of both materials were examined in two differently scaled rotary tablet presses and the influence of process parameters was determined. To analyze RTDs independent of the mass flow, the normalized variance was used to quantify intermixing. Substantial differences between both materials and tablet presses were found. Broader RTDs were measured for the poorer flowing MCC as well as for the production scale press. The obtained results can be used to improve the general understanding of powder flow inside rotary tablet presses and amplify scale-up and continuous production process development.
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18
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A model to simultaneously evaluate the compressibility and compactibility of a powder based on the compression ratio. Int J Pharm 2020; 577:119023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Hildebrandt C, Gopireddy SR, Scherließ R, Urbanetz NA. A DEM approach to assess the influence of the paddle wheel shape on force feeding during pharmaceutical tableting. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Dühlmeyer KP, Özcoban H, Leopold CS. Comparison of two paddle wheel geometries within the filling chamber of a rotary tablet press feed frame with regard to the distribution behavior of a model powder and the influence on the resulting tablet mass. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1233-1241. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1576725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kym Patrick Dühlmeyer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Claudia S. Leopold
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Takahashi T, Toyota H, Kuroiwa Y, Yoshino H, Kondou H, Yamashita K, Hakomori T, Takeuchi H. Quantitative evaluation of different rotary tablet presses by compaction velocity based on compaction simulation study. Int J Pharm 2019; 558:157-164. [PMID: 30580087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Takahashi
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan; Department of Drug Delivery Technology and Science Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Toyota
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kuroiwa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshino
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Hisami Kondou
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yamashita
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hakomori
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takeuchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Technology and Science Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
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22
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Investigation of powder flow within a pharmaceutical tablet press force feeder – A DEM approach. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Assessment of material and process attributes' influence on tablet quality using a QbD and DEM combined approach. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Goh HP, Sia Heng PW, Liew CV. The Effects of Feed Frame Parameters and Turret Speed on Mini-Tablet Compression. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:1161-1171. [PMID: 30237030 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Die filling is a critical process step during tablet production as it defines the tablet weight. Achieving die fill consistency during production of mini-tablets, tablets with diameters ≤6 mm, is considerably more challenging. Although die filling in rotary presses had been studied in relation to the feed paddle design, paddle speed, and turret speed, it is unclear how these process variables could impact mini-tablet production and product properties. In this study, 1.8 and 3 mm mini-tablets were prepared using a rotary press with multiple-tip tooling using different process configurations. Mini-tablet weight variation within and across compaction cycles were determined using data from compression roller displacement and mini-tablet weight. Higher die fill densities were achieved with a flat feed wheel paddle and high paddle speed. This was attributed to better granule fluidization in the feed frame, which also increased the intercycle weight variation and reduced tensile strength. The turret speed did not impact mini-tablet properties significantly. Granule overlubrication in the feed frame potentially reduced mini-tablet tensile strength during compaction. The number of paddle passes in the die fill region was correlated to mini-tablet die fill performance. Findings from this study could provide better insights into the relationship between process variables and mini-tablet product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ping Goh
- Department of Pharmacy, GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Paul Wan Sia Heng
- Department of Pharmacy, GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Celine Valeria Liew
- Department of Pharmacy, GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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25
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Dühlmeyer KP, Özcoban H, Leopold CS. A novel method for determination of the filling level in the feed frame of a rotary tablet press. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1744-1751. [PMID: 29961339 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1492609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate whether the filling level within the feed frame of a rotary tablet press can be quantified by laser triangulation combined with the angle recognition of one paddle wheel via rotary encoder. SIGNIFICANCE Rotary tablet press feed frames are supposed to assure a uniform die filling and, thus, to guarantee the weight and content uniformity of the resulting tablets. Therefore, a constant bulk availability and flow within the feed frame is crucial and has to be ensured by the feed frame design and the operating conditions. So far, there is no instrument available to monitor the bulk filling level or the bulk distribution within feed frames. METHODS Calcium phosphate dihydrate was used as model powder. The powder surface level was determined via laser triangulation and the angle position of the paddle wheel was monitored via incremental rotary encoder. The data of both parameters was acquired synchronously and evaluated by in-house written software. RESULTS Different powder masses led to significantly different filling level signals. The experiments showed a high reproducibility of the determined filling levels. Furthermore, an influence of the rotational speed on the powder distribution was observed. CONCLUSIONS The developed instrument may be used for quantification of the volumetric filling level within rotary tablet press feed frames. It may either be used to better understand the powder behavior within feed frames or for improvement of the die filling process by implementing the device into a feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Dühlmeyer
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
| | - H Özcoban
- b Fette Compacting GmbH , Schwarzenbek , Germany
| | - C S Leopold
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
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26
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Razavi SM, Gonzalez M, Cuitiño AM. Quantification of lubrication and particle size distribution effects on tensile strength and stiffness of tablets. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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27
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Peeters E, Silva A, Fonteyne M, De Beer T, Vervaet C, Remon J. Influence of extended dwell time during pre- and main compression on the properties of ibuprofen tablets. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:300-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Narang AS, Breckenridge L, Guo H, Wang J, Wolf A(A, Desai D, Varia S, Badawy S. Assessment of Tablet Surface Hardness by Laser Ablation and Its Correlation With the Erosion Tendency of Core Tablets. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:200-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Peeters E, Vanhoorne V, Vervaet C, Remon JP. Lubricant sensitivity in function of paddle movement in the forced feeder of a high-speed tablet press. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:2078-2085. [PMID: 27277525 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The negative impact of magnesium stearate (MgSt) on the hardness of tablets is a well-known phenomenon, but the influence of paddle movement in the forced feeder on the lubricant effect during tablet compression is often neglected. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of paddle speed in the forced feeder on tablet tensile strength (TS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mixtures of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and MgSt (0.5%) were blended using different methods (low & high shear). After blending, the formulations were compressed into tablets. All parameters of the tableting cycle were kept constant except the speed of the paddles in the forced feeder. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The blending technique affected the sensitivity of the formulation to the paddle speed. The TS of pure MCC tablets did not change in function of paddle speed, while tablets prepared by low shear mixing became softer at higher paddle speed. The TS of tablets manufactured using the high-shear mixed blend was low and did not vary in function of paddle speed, suggesting that overlubrication already occurred during the initial blending step. Furthermore, analysis of the machine parameters allowed evaluation of the influence of the paddles on the flowability, initial packing, and compactability of the powder mixtures. CONCLUSION The results elucidated that during manufacturing of tablets using MgSt-containing blends care should not only be taken during the blending step prior to tableting, but also during the tableting process itself, as paddle speed can affect tablet TS, a critical quality attribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Peeters
- a Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Valérie Vanhoorne
- a Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- a Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Remon
- a Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
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30
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Klukkert M, Wu JX, Rantanen J, Carstensen JM, Rades T, Leopold CS. Multispectral UV imaging for fast and non-destructive quality control of chemical and physical tablet attributes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 90:85-95. [PMID: 26657202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of tablet quality attributes in direct vicinity of the production process requires analytical techniques that allow fast, non-destructive, and accurate tablet characterization. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of multispectral UV imaging as a reliable, rapid technique for estimation of the tablet API content and tablet hardness, as well as determination of tablet intactness and the tablet surface density profile. One of the aims was to establish an image analysis approach based on multivariate image analysis and pattern recognition to evaluate the potential of UV imaging for automatized quality control of tablets with respect to their intactness and surface density profile. Various tablets of different composition and different quality regarding their API content, radial tensile strength, intactness, and surface density profile were prepared using an eccentric as well as a rotary tablet press at compression pressures from 20MPa up to 410MPa. It was found, that UV imaging can provide both, relevant information on chemical and physical tablet attributes. The tablet API content and radial tensile strength could be estimated by UV imaging combined with partial least squares analysis. Furthermore, an image analysis routine was developed and successfully applied to the UV images that provided qualitative information on physical tablet surface properties such as intactness and surface density profiles, as well as quantitative information on variations in the surface density. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that UV imaging combined with image analysis is an effective and non-destructive method to determine chemical and physical quality attributes of tablets and is a promising approach for (near) real-time monitoring of the tablet compaction process and formulation optimization purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Klukkert
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jian X Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens M Carstensen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Claudia S Leopold
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Germany.
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31
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Kestur U, Desai D, Sharif S, Wong B, Guo H, Tang D, Chan S. Impact of moisture and magnesium stearate functionality on manufacturability of wet granulated metformin tablets. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 22:715-723. [PMID: 26616157 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1116562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
During the development of a wet granulated 850 mg metformin hydrochloride tablet formulation, the tablets exhibited high friability (>3% w/w) irrespective of the source of extra-granular magnesium stearate (MgSt). High friability values indicated that an anti-bonding effect of MgSt was too high to be overcome by 3.3% w/w povidone as a binder in the formulation with 1.5% w/w residual granule moisture. Increasing the povidone concentration up to 7% w/w showed limited improvement in friability, with tablets showing variable friability depending on MgSt source. Characterization of MgSt indicated differences in crystallinity, surface area and particle morphology between different vendors. In addition, a new bulk yield strength test, which determines the MgSt fragmentation tendency, was found to be indicative of the MgSt performance in the tablet formulation. To improve bonding properties of granules, residual granule moisture was increased to 2% w/w at different povidone concentrations. At 2% w/w residual granule moisture content, regardless of MgSt source, the tablets showed significant improvement in friability (∼0.6% w/w) even at the lowest povidone concentration (3.3% w/w). The bonding power of higher residual granule moisture had a greater impact than higher povidone concentration in overcoming the anti-bonding effects of magnesium stearate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kestur
- a Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co , New Brunswick , NJ , USA
| | - Divyakant Desai
- a Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co , New Brunswick , NJ , USA
| | - Shasad Sharif
- b Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co , New Brunswick , NJ , USA
| | - Benjamin Wong
- a Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co , New Brunswick , NJ , USA
| | - Hang Guo
- a Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co , New Brunswick , NJ , USA
| | - Dan Tang
- b Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co , New Brunswick , NJ , USA
| | - Steven Chan
- a Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co , New Brunswick , NJ , USA
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32
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Kushner J, Schlack H. Commercial scale validation of a process scale-up model for lubricant blending of pharmaceutical powders. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:147-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Thoorens G, Krier F, Leclercq B, Carlin B, Evrard B. Microcrystalline cellulose, a direct compression binder in a quality by design environment—A review. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Aoki S, Uchiyama J, Ito M. Development of new shaped punch to predict scale-up issue in tableting process. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:235-40. [PMID: 24218176 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Scale-up issues in the tableting process, such as capping, sticking, or differences in tablet thickness, are often observed at the commercial production scale. A new shaped punch, named the size adjusted for scale-up (SAS) punch, was created to estimate scale-up issues seen between laboratory scale and commercial scale tableting processes. The SAS punch's head shape was designed to replicate the total compression time of a laboratory tableting machine to that of a commercial tableting machine. Three different lubricated blends were compressed into tablets using a laboratory tableting machine equipped with SAS punches, and any differences in tablet thickness or capping phenomenon were observed. It was found that the new shaped punch could be used to replicate scale-up issues observed in the commercial tableting machine. The SAS punch was shown to be a useful tool to estimate scale-up issues in the tableting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Aoki
- Global Demand Chain Technology Japan, New Chemical Entity, Eisai Demand Chain Systems, Eisai Company Ltd., Kakamigahara-Shi, Gifu, 501-6195, Japan
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35
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Aljaberi A, Chatterji A, Dong Z, Shah NH, Malick W, Singhal D, Sandhu HK. Understanding and optimizing the dual excipient functionality of sodium lauryl sulfate in tablet formulation of poorly water soluble drug: wetting and lubrication. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:490-503. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.723717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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36
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Kushner J. Incorporating Turbula mixers into a blending scale-up model for evaluating the effect of magnesium stearate on tablet tensile strength and bulk specific volume. Int J Pharm 2012; 429:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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