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Yoosefi S, Esfandyari-Manesh M, Ghorbani-Bidkorpeh F, Ahmadi M, Moraffah F, Dinarvand R. Novel biodegradable molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for drug delivery of methotrexate anti-cancer; synthesis, characterization and cellular studies. Daru 2022; 30:289-302. [PMID: 36087235 PMCID: PMC9715907 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently biodegradable nanoparticles are the center of attention for the development of drug delivery systems. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is an interesting candidate for designing drug nano-carriers. MIP-based nanoparticles could be used for cancer treatment and exhibited the potential to fill gaps regarding to ligand-based nanomaterials. Also, the presence of a cross-linker can play an essential role in nanoparticle stability and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles after synthesis. OBJECTIVES In this research, a biodegradable drug delivery system based on MIP nanoparticles was prepared using a biodegradable cross-linker (dimethacryloyl hydroxylamine, DMHA) for methotrexate (MTX). A hydrolysable functional group CO-O-NH-CO was added to the crosslinking agent to increase the final biodegradability of the polymer. METHODS Firstly, a biodegradable cross-linker was synthesized. Then, the non-imprinted polymers were prepared through mini-emulsion polymerization in the absence of a template; and efficient particle size distribution was determined. Finally, methotrexate was placed in imprinted polymers to achieve the desired MIP. Different types of MIPs were synthesized using different molar ratios of template, cross-linker, and functional monomer, and the optimal molar ratio was obtained at 1:4:20, respectively. RESULTS HNMR successfully confirmed the chemical structure of the cross-linker. According to SEM images, nanoparticles had a spherical shape with a smooth surface. The imprinted nanoparticles showed a narrow size distribution with an average of 120 nm at a high ratio of cross-linker. The drug loading and entrapment efficiency were 6.4% and 92%, respectively. The biodegradability studies indicated that the nanoparticles prepared by DMHA had a more degradability rate than ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a conventional cross-linker. Also, the polymer degradation rate was higher in alkaline environments. Release studies in physiological and alkaline buffer showed an initial burst release of a quarter of loaded MTX during the day and a 70% release during a week. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model described the release pattern. The cytotoxicity of MTX loaded in nanoparticles was studied on the MCF-7 cell line, and the IC50 was 3.54 μg/ml. CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that nanoparticles prepared by DMHA have the potential to be used as biodegradable drug carriers for anticancer delivery. Synthesis schema of molecular imprinting of methotrexate in biodegradable polymer based on dimethacryloyl hydroxylamine cross-linker, for use as nanocarrier anticancer delivery to breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Yoosefi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Esfandyari-Manesh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Ghorbani-Bidkorpeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moraffah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen Y, Dakwar GR, Braeckmans K, Lammers T, Hennink WE, Metselaar JM. In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Aggregation and Degradation Behavior of PEGylated Polymeric Nanogels under In Vivo Like Conditions. Macromol Biosci 2017; 18. [PMID: 29152858 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo stability and biodegradability of nanocarriers crucially determine therapeutic efficacy as well as safety when used for drug delivery. This study aims to evaluate optimized in vitro techniques predictive for in vivo nanocarrier behavior. Polymeric biodegradable nanogels based on hydroxyethyl methacrylamide-oligoglycolates-derivatized poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylamide-co-N-(2-azidoethyl)methacrylamide) and with various degrees of PEGylation and crosslinking densities are prepared. Three techniques are chosen and refined for specific in vitro evaluation of the nanocarrier performance: (1) fluorescence single particle tracking (fSPT) to study the stability of nanogels in human plasma, (2) tangential flow filtration (TFF) to study the degradation and filtration of nanogel degradation products, and (3) fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) to evaluate and compare the degradation behavior of nanogels in buffer and plasma. fSPT results demonstrate that nanogels with highest PEGylation content show the least aggregation. The TFF results reveal that nanogels with higher crosslink density have slower degradation and removal by filtration. FFS results indicate a similar degradation behavior in human plasma as compared to that in phosphate buffered saline. In conclusion, three methods can be used to compare and select the optimal nanogel composition, and these methods hold potential to predict the in vivo performance of nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - George R Dakwar
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522, NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Josbert M Metselaar
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522, NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Gagliardi M, Bertero A, Bifone A. Molecularly Imprinted Biodegradable Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40046. [PMID: 28071745 PMCID: PMC5223160 DOI: 10.1038/srep40046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymer nanoparticles are promising carriers for targeted drug delivery in nanomedicine applications. Molecu- lar imprinting is a potential strategy to target polymer nanoparticles through binding of endogenous ligands that may promote recognition and active transport into specific cells and tissues. However, the lock-and-key mechanism of molecular imprinting requires relatively rigid cross-linked structures, unlike those of many biodegradable polymers. To date, no fully biodegradable molecularly imprinted particles have been reported in the literature. This paper reports the synthesis of a novel molecularly- imprinted nanocarrier, based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and acrylic acid, that combines biodegradability and molec- ular recognition properties. A novel three-arm biodegradable cross-linker was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of glycolide and lactide initiated by glycerol. The resulting macromer was functionalized by introduction of end-functions through reaction with acryloyl chloride. Macromer and acrylic acid were used for the synthesis of narrowly-dispersed nanoparticles by radical polymerization in diluted conditions in the presence of biotin as template molecule. The binding capacity of the imprinted nanoparticles towards biotin and biotinylated bovine serum albumin was twentyfold that of non-imprinted nanoparti- cles. Degradation rates and functional performances were assessed in in vitro tests and cell cultures, demonstrating effective biotin-mediated cell internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Gagliardi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Micro Bio-Robotics @SSSA, viale Rinaldo Piaggio,34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Alice Bertero
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UNITN, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Unit of Cellular and Developmental Biology, S.S.12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Bifone
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UNITN, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
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Filser J, Arndt D, Baumann J, Geppert M, Hackmann S, Luther EM, Pade C, Prenzel K, Wigger H, Arning J, Hohnholt MC, Köser J, Kück A, Lesnikov E, Neumann J, Schütrumpf S, Warrelmann J, Bäumer M, Dringen R, von Gleich A, Swiderek P, Thöming J. Intrinsically green iron oxide nanoparticles? From synthesis via (eco-)toxicology to scenario modelling. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1034-1046. [PMID: 23255050 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31652h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) are currently being studied as green magnet resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. They are also used in huge quantities for environmental remediation and water treatment purposes, although very little is known on the consequences of such applications for organisms and ecosystems. In order to address these questions, we synthesised polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated IONP, characterised the particle dispersion in various media and investigated the consequences of an IONP exposure using an array of biochemical and biological assays. Several theoretical approaches complemented the measurements. In aqueous dispersion IONP had an average hydrodynamic diameter of 25 nm and were stable over six days in most test media, which could also be predicted by stability modelling. The particles were tested in concentrations of up to 100 mg Fe per L. The activity of the enzymes glutathione reductase and acetylcholine esterase was not affected, nor were proliferation, morphology or vitality of mammalian OLN-93 cells although exposure of the cells to 100 mg Fe per L increased the cellular iron content substantially. Only at this concentration, acute toxicity tests with the freshwater flea Daphnia magna revealed slightly, yet insignificantly increased mortality. Two fundamentally different bacterial assays, anaerobic activated sludge bacteria inhibition and a modified sediment contact test with Arthrobacter globiformis, both rendered results contrary to the other assays: at the lowest test concentration (1 mg Fe per L), IONP caused a pronounced inhibition whereas higher concentrations were not effective or even stimulating. Preliminary and prospective risk assessment was exemplified by comparing the application of IONP with gadolinium-based nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents. Predicted environmental concentrations were modelled in two different scenarios, showing that IONP could reduce the environmental exposure of toxic Gd-based particles by more than 50%. Application of the Swiss "Precautionary Matrix for Synthetic Nanomaterials" rendered a low precautionary need for using our IONP as MRI agents and a higher one when using them for remediation or water treatment. Since IONP and (considerably more reactive) zerovalent iron nanoparticles are being used in huge quantities for environmental remediation purposes, it has to be ascertained that these particles pose no risk to either human health or to the environment.
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Collette F, Delatouche R, Blanquart C, Gueugnon F, Grégoire M, Bertrand P, Héroguez V. Easy and effective method to produce functionalized particles for cellular uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chen C, Constantinou A, Chester KA, Vyas B, Canis K, Haslam SM, Dell A, Epenetos AA, Deonarain MP. Glycoengineering Approach to Half-Life Extension of Recombinant Biotherapeutics. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1524-33. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, United Kingdom, SW7 2AZ
| | - Antony Constantinou
- Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, United Kingdom, SW7 2AZ
| | - Kerry A. Chester
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, United
Kingdom, WC1E 6BT
| | - Bijal Vyas
- Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, United Kingdom, SW7 2AZ
| | - Kevin Canis
- Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, United Kingdom, SW7 2AZ
| | - Stuart M. Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, United Kingdom, SW7 2AZ
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, United Kingdom, SW7 2AZ
| | - Agamemnon A. Epenetos
- Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, United Kingdom, SW7 2AZ
| | - Mahendra P. Deonarain
- Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, United Kingdom, SW7 2AZ
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Souto EB, Severino P, Santana MHA. Preparação de nanopartículas poliméricas a partir da polimerização de monômeros: parte I. POLIMEROS 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282012005000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanopartículas poliméricas produzidas a partir de polímeros sintéticos, como copolímeros do ácido metacrílico, ésteres acrílicos ou metacrílicos, têm sido amplamente utilizadas na área farmacêutica para encapsulação de princípios ativos. Essas nanopartículas apresentam as vantagens de proteção, liberação controlada, melhor biodisponibilidade e menor toxicidade, proporcionando maior conforto aos pacientes e adesão ao tratamento. A produção das nanopartículas (nanocápsulas e nanosferas) por polimerização de monômeros é revisada e descrita neste artigo, evidenciando os parâmetros tecnológicos que interferem nas características físico-químicas das nanopartículas, como a solubilidade do princípio ativo, o volume e pH do meio de polimerização, a massa molar e concentração do monômero e a natureza e concentração do tensoativo.
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