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Bisen AC, Sanap SN, Agrawal S, Biswas A, Mishra A, Verma SK, Singh V, Bhatta RS. Etiopathology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Fungal Keratitis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2356-2380. [PMID: 38847789 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis (FK) is a severe ocular condition resulting from corneal infection that is prevalent in tropical countries, particularly in developing regions of Asia and Africa. Factors like corneal lens misuse, inappropriate steroid use, and diagnostic challenges have provoked the epidemic. FK causes significant vision impairment, scarring, and ocular deformities. Accurate pathological diagnosis is crucial for effective therapeutic intervention. Topical antifungal therapy with surface healing medications proves effective in preventing fungal-borne ulcers. Managing FK requires a comprehensive understanding of fungal pathogenesis, guiding formulation strategies and preventive measures to curb global ocular blindness. This review provides in-depth insights into FK, covering etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, antifungal resistance, limitations, prevention, and future perspectives on ocular surface disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Arpon Biswas
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Verma
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vaishali Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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2
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Ma Z, Wang Y, He H, Liu T, Jiang Q, Hou X. Advancing ophthalmic delivery of flurbiprofen via synergistic chiral resolution and ion-pairing strategies. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100928. [PMID: 38867804 PMCID: PMC11165342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Flurbiprofen (FB), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is widely employed in treating ocular inflammation owing to its remarkable anti-inflammatory effects. However, the racemic nature of its commercially available formulation (Ocufen®) limits the full potential of its therapeutic activity, as the (S)-enantiomer is responsible for the desired anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, the limited corneal permeability of FB significantly restricts its bioavailability. In this study, we successfully separated the chiral isomers of FB to obtain the highly active (S)-FB. Subsequently, utilizing ion-pairing technology, we coupled (S)-FB with various counter-ions, such as sodium, diethylamine, trimethamine (TMA), and l-arginine, to enhance its ocular bioavailability. A comprehensive evaluation encompassed balanced solubility, octanol-water partition coefficient, corneal permeability, ocular pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and in vivo ocular anti-inflammatory activity of each chiral isomer salt. Among the various formulations, S-FBTMA exhibited superior water solubility (about 1-12 mg/ml), lipid solubility (1< lg Pow < 3) and corneal permeability. In comparison to Ocufen®, S-FBTMA demonstrated significantly higher in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and lower ocular irritability (such as conjunctival congestion and tingling). The findings from this research highlight the potential of chiral separation and ion-pair enhanced permeation techniques in providing pharmaceutical enterprises focused on drug development with a valuable avenue for improving therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhining Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuequan Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huiyang He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Institute of Drug Inspection and Testing, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaohong Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Fang G, Wang Q, Yang X, Qian Y, Zhang G, Tang B. γ-Cyclodextrin-based polypseudorotaxane hydrogels for ophthalmic delivery of flurbiprofen to treat anterior uveitis. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118889. [PMID: 34893291 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anterior uveitis is a sight-threatening inflammation inside the eyes. Conventional eye drops for anti-inflammatory therapy need to be administered frequently owing to the rapid elimination and corneal barrier. To address these issues, polypseudorotaxane hydrogels were developed by mixing Soluplus micelles (99.4 nm) and cyclodextrins solution. The optimized hydrogels exhibited shear-thinning and sustained release properties. The hydrogels exhibited higher transcorneal permeability coefficient (Papp, 1.84 folds) than that of drug solutions. Moreover, animal study indicated that the hydrogels significantly increased the precorneal retention (AUC, 21.2 folds) and intraocular bioavailability of flurbiprofen (AUCAqueous humor, 17.8 folds) in comparison with drug solutions. Importantly, the hydrogels obviously boosted anti-inflammatory efficacy in rabbit model of endotoxin-induced uveitis at a reduced administration frequency. Additionally, the safety of hydrogels was confirmed by cytotoxicity and ocular irritation studies. In all, the present study demonstrates a friendly non-invasive strategy based on γ-CD-based polypseudorotaxane hydrogels for ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Qiuxiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Xuewen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Bo Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China.
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Akhter MH, Ahmad I, Alshahrani MY, Al-Harbi AI, Khalilullah H, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Najib Ullah SNM, Ojha A, Karim S. Drug Delivery Challenges and Current Progress in Nanocarrier-Based Ocular Therapeutic System. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020082. [PMID: 35200463 PMCID: PMC8871777 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug instillation via a topical route is preferred since it is desirable and convenient due to the noninvasive and easy drug access to different segments of the eye for the treatment of ocular ailments. The low dose, rapid onset of action, low or no toxicity to the local tissues, and constrained systemic outreach are more prevalent in this route. The majority of ophthalmic preparations in the market are available as conventional eye drops, which rendered <5% of a drug instilled in the eye. The poor drug availability in ocular tissue may be attributed to the physiological barriers associated with the cornea, conjunctiva, lachrymal drainage, tear turnover, blood–retinal barrier, enzymatic drug degradation, and reflex action, thus impeding deeper drug penetration in the ocular cavity, including the posterior segment. The static barriers in the eye are composed of the sclera, cornea, retina, and blood–retinal barrier, whereas the dynamic barriers, referred to as the conjunctival and choroidal blood flow, tear dilution, and lymphatic clearance, critically impact the bioavailability of drugs. To circumvent such barriers, the rational design of the ocular therapeutic system indeed required enriching the drug holding time and the deeper permeation of the drug, which overall improve the bioavailability of the drug in the ocular tissue. This review provides a brief insight into the structural components of the eye as well as the therapeutic challenges and current developments in the arena of the ocular therapeutic system, based on novel drug delivery systems such as nanomicelles, nanoparticles (NPs), nanosuspensions, liposomes, in situ gel, dendrimers, contact lenses, implants, and microneedles. These nanotechnology platforms generously evolved to overwhelm the troubles associated with the physiological barriers in the ocular route. The controlled-drug-formulation-based strategic approach has considerable potential to enrich drug concentration in a specific area of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habban Akhter
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (M.Y.A.)
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (M.Y.A.)
| | - Alhanouf I. Al-Harbi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu 46477, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | | | - Abhijeet Ojha
- Six Sigma Institute of Technology and Science, College of Pharmacy, Rudrapur 263153, India;
| | - Shahid Karim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Fang G, Wang Q, Yang X, Qian Y, Zhang G, Zhu Q, Tang B. Vesicular phospholipid gels as topical ocular delivery system for treatment of anterior uveitis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Development of lipid-based microsuspensions for improved ophthalmic delivery of gentamicin sulphate. Ther Deliv 2021; 12:671-683. [PMID: 34374581 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2021-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Anterior eye segment disorders are treated with eye drops and ointments, which have low ocular bioavailability necessitating the need for improved alternatives. Lipid microsuspension of gentamicin sulphate was developed for the treatment of susceptible eye diseases. Materials & methods: Lipid microsuspensions encapsulating gentamicin sulphate were produced by hot homogenization and evaluated. Ex vivo permeation and ocular irritancy tests were also conducted. Results & conclusion: Stable microsuspensions with high entrapment efficiency and satisfactory osmolarities were obtained. Release studies achieved 49-88% in vitro release at 12 h with sustained permeability of gentamicin compared with conventional gentamicin eye drop (Evril®). No irritation was observed following Draize's test. The microsuspensions have great potential as ocular delivery system of gentamicin sulphate.
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Liu YC, Lin MTY, Ng AHC, Wong TT, Mehta JS. Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctival Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E351. [PMID: 33138064 PMCID: PMC7694068 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common external eye diseases and the prevalence has been increasing. The mainstay of treatment is topical eye drops. However, low bioavailability, low ocular drug penetration, transient resident time on the ocular surface due to tear turnover, frequent topical applications and dependence on patient compliance, are the main drawbacks associated with topical administration. Nanotechnology-based medicine has emerged to circumvent these limitations, by encapsulating the drugs and preventing them from degradation and therefore providing sustained and controlled release. Using a nanotechnology-based approach to load the drug is particularly useful for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs such as immunomodulatory agents, which are commonly used in allergic conjunctival diseases. In this review, different nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, including nanoemulsions, liposomes, nanomicelles, nanosuspension, polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, and their potential ophthalmic applications, as well as advantages and disadvantages, are discussed. We also summarize the results of present studies on the loading of immunomodulators or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to nano-scaled drug delivery systems. For future potential clinical use, research should focus on the optimization of drug delivery designs that provide adequate and effective doses with safe and satisfactory pharmacokinetic and pharmaco-toxic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.-C.L.); (M.T.-Y.L.)
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore;
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Molly Tzu-Yu Lin
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.-C.L.); (M.T.-Y.L.)
| | - Anthony Herr Cheun Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Tina T. Wong
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore;
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Department of Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.-C.L.); (M.T.-Y.L.)
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore;
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Preparation and Evaluation of Cubosomes/Cubosomal Gels for Ocular Delivery of Beclomethasone Dipropionate for Management of Uveitis. Pharm Res 2020; 37:198. [PMID: 32968868 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Topical corticosteroids administration is commonly used for management of various ocular conditions especially those affecting the anterior segment of the eye. Poor solubility and limited pre-corneal residence time result in insufficient drug penetration to the outer (cornea and conjunctival-scleral) coats of the eye. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate cubosomes for prolonging residence time and enhancing ocular bioavailability of BDP. METHODS GMO-cubosomes were prepared using the top-down technique. Two stabilizers were investigated: poloxamer 407 and solulan C24. Particle size, EE %, polarized-light microscopy, TEM, in vitro release, transcorneal permeation, BCOP, histopathology and in vivo evaluation for treatment of uveitis in a rabbits' model were studied. RESULTS The prepared cubosomes were of nano-sizes (100 nm - 278 nm); EE% was around 94%. The cubosomes were confirmed by visualizing the "Maltese crosses" textures. Transcorneal permeation was significantly (p < 0.05) improved, compared to BDP-suspension (the control formulation). The optimized cubosomes F1P was incorporated in CMC gel (Cubo-gel). The prepared Cubo-gel formulations showed better rheological characteristics and high ocular tolerability. Superior anti-inflammatory properties were recorded for the Cubo-gel for treatment of endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rabbit model when compared to the control BDP-suspension. CONCLUSIONS Transcorneal permeation parameters Papp and flux and AUC0-10h markedly enhanced by up to 4-, 5.8-and 5.5-fold respectively, compared to the control BDP-suspension formulation. This study suggested that cubosomes/Cubo-gel could be an auspicious ocular delivery system for BDP that was able to effectively treat uveitis (a disease of the posterior segment of the eye).
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Mazet R, Yaméogo JBG, Wouessidjewe D, Choisnard L, Gèze A. Recent Advances in the Design of Topical Ophthalmic Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060570. [PMID: 32575411 PMCID: PMC7356360 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular inflammation is one of the most common symptom of eye disorders and diseases. The therapeutic management of this inflammation must be rapid and effective in order to avoid deleterious effects for the eye and the vision. Steroidal (SAID) and non-steroidal (NSAID) anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressive agents have been shown to be effective in treating inflammation of the ocular surface of the eye by topical administration. However, it is well established that the anatomical and physiological ocular barriers are limiting factors for drug penetration. In addition, such drugs are generally characterized by a very low aqueous solubility, resulting in low bioavailability as only 1% to 5% of the applied drug permeates the cornea. The present review gives an updated insight on the conventional formulations used in the treatment of ocular inflammation, i.e., ointments, eye drops, solutions, suspensions, gels, and emulsions, based on the commercial products available on the US, European, and French markets. Additionally, sophisticated formulations and innovative ocular drug delivery systems will be discussed. Promising results are presented with micro- and nanoparticulated systems, or combined strategies with polymers and colloidal systems, which offer a synergy in bioavailability and sustained release. Finally, different tools allowing the physical characterization of all these delivery systems, as well as in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluations, will be considered with regards to the safety, the tolerance, and the efficiency of the drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseline Mazet
- DPM, UMR CNRS 5063, ICMG FR 2607, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38400 St Martin d’Hères, France; (R.M.); (D.W.); (L.C.)
- Grenoble University Hospital, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Denis Wouessidjewe
- DPM, UMR CNRS 5063, ICMG FR 2607, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38400 St Martin d’Hères, France; (R.M.); (D.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Luc Choisnard
- DPM, UMR CNRS 5063, ICMG FR 2607, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38400 St Martin d’Hères, France; (R.M.); (D.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Annabelle Gèze
- DPM, UMR CNRS 5063, ICMG FR 2607, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38400 St Martin d’Hères, France; (R.M.); (D.W.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-476-63-53-01
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Souto EB, Dias-Ferreira J, López-Machado A, Ettcheto M, Cano A, Camins Espuny A, Espina M, Garcia ML, Sánchez-López E. Advanced Formulation Approaches for Ocular Drug Delivery: State-Of-The-Art and Recent Patents. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11090460. [PMID: 31500106 PMCID: PMC6781321 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye presents extensive perspectives and challenges for drug delivery, mainly because of the extraordinary capacity, intrinsic to this path, for drugs to permeate into the main circulatory system and also for the restrictions of the ocular barriers. Depending on the target segment of the eye, anterior or posterior, the specifications are different. The ocular route experienced in the last decades a lot of progresses related with the development of new drugs, improved formulations, specific-designed delivery and even new routes to administer a drug. Concomitantly, new categories of materials were developed and adapted to encapsulate drugs. With such advances, a multiplicity of parameters became possible to be optimized as the increase in bioavailability and decreased toxic effects of medicines. Also, the formulations were capable to easily adhere to specific tissues, increase the duration of the therapeutic effect and even target the delivery of the treatment. The ascending of new delivery systems for ocular targeting is a current focus, mainly because of the capacity to extend the normal time during which the drug exerts its therapeutic effect and, so, supplying the patients with a product which gives them fewer side effects, fewer number of applications and even more effective outcomes to their pathologies, surpassing the traditionally-used eye drops. Depending on the systems, some are capable of increasing the duration of the drug action as gels, emulsions, prodrugs, liposomes, and ocular inserts with hydrophilic properties, improving the absorption by the cornea. In parallel, other devices use as a strategy the capacity to sustain the release of the carried drugs by means of erodible and non-erodible matrices. This review discusses the different types of advanced formulations used for ocular delivery of therapeutics presenting the most recent patents according to the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-458 Coimbra, Portugal.
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - João Dias-Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-458 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana López-Machado
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Cano
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Camins Espuny
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Garcia
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-458 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Nanomedicine for the effective and safe delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: A review of preclinical research. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:179-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Although the eye is an accessible organ for direct drug application, ocular drug delivery remains a major challenge due to multiple barriers within the eye. Key barriers include static barriers imposed by the cornea, conjunctiva, and retinal pigment epithelium and dynamic barriers including tear turnover and blood and lymphatic clearance mechanisms. Systemic administration by oral and parenteral routes is limited by static blood-tissue barriers that include epithelial and endothelial layers, in addition to rapid vascular clearance mechanisms. Together, the static and dynamic barriers limit the rate and extent of drug delivery to the eye. Thus, there is an ongoing need to identify novel delivery systems and approaches to enhance and sustain ocular drug delivery. This chapter summarizes current and recent experimental approaches for drug delivery to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Yavuz
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, 12850 East Montview Blvd., C238-V20, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Uday B Kompella
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, 12850 East Montview Blvd., C238-V20, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Pharmaceutical challenges and perspectives in developing ophthalmic drug formulations. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-018-0404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Weng Y, Ma X, Che J, Li C, Liu J, Chen S, Wang Y, Gan Y, Chen H, Hu Z, Nan K, Liang X. Nanomicelle-Assisted Targeted Ocular Delivery with Enhanced Antiinflammatory Efficacy In Vivo. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700455. [PMID: 29375972 PMCID: PMC5770669 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocular inflammations are common diseases that may lead to serious vision-threatening obstacles. Eye drops for antiinflammation therapy need to be administered multiple times daily at a high dosage due to the rapid precorneal removal and low bioavailability of drugs. To overcome these problems, a cRGD-functionalized DSPE-PEG2000 nanomicelle (DSPE-PEG2000-cRGD) encapsulated with flurbiprofen is proposed. The tailored nanomicelles trigger specific binding to integrin receptors on the ocular surface, which leads to rapid and robust mucoadhesion, superior ocular surface retention, and transcorneal penetration behaviors of nanomicelles. Due to the enhanced drug delivery on ocular surface and in aqueous humor, the functionalized nanoformulation significantly improves ocular antiinflammation efficacy at a low dosage by blocking the synthesis of inflammatory mediators and cytokines. The present study demonstrates a promising strategy that uses a functional peptide combined with nanomicelles for targeted delivery to the eye in ophthalmologic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Hua Weng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Laboratory of Controllable NanopharmaceuticalsCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Wei Ma
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Laboratory of Controllable NanopharmaceuticalsCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Jing Che
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Laboratory of Controllable NanopharmaceuticalsCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Chan Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Laboratory of Controllable NanopharmaceuticalsCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Laboratory of Controllable NanopharmaceuticalsCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Zhu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Laboratory of Controllable NanopharmaceuticalsCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Qin Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouP. R. China
| | - Ya‐Ling Gan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Laboratory of Controllable NanopharmaceuticalsCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouP. R. China
| | - Zhong‐Bo Hu
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Kai‐Hui Nan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouP. R. China
| | - Xing‐Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Laboratory of Controllable NanopharmaceuticalsCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
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15
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Madni A, Rahem MA, Tahir N, Sarfraz M, Jabar A, Rehman M, Kashif PM, Badshah SF, Khan KU, Santos HA. Non-invasive strategies for targeting the posterior segment of eye. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:326-345. [PMID: 28755994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The safe and effective treatment of eye diseases has been remained a global myth. Several advancements have been done and various drug delivery and treatment techniques have been suggested. The Posterior segment disorders are the leading cause of visual impairments and blindness. Targeting the therapeutic agents to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye has attracted extensive attention from the scientific community. Significant key factors in the success of ocular therapy are the development of safe, effective, economic and non-invasive novel drug delivery systems. These specialized non-invasive ocular drug delivery systems revolutionized the drug delivery strategies by overcoming the limitations, provided targeted delivery to the ocular tissues by avoiding larger doses, and reducing the toxicity encountered by the conventional approaches. These non-invasive systems are fabricated by ingredients encompassing biodegradability, biocompatibility, mucoadhesion, solubility and permeability enhancement and stimuli responsiveness. The variety of routes are utilized to provide minimally invasive drug delivery to the patients without any discomfort and pain. This review is focused on the brief introduction, types, significance, preparation techniques, components and mechanism of drug release of non-invasive systems, including in situ gelling systems, microspheres, iontophoresis, nanoparticles, nanosuspensions and specialized novel emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadullah Madni
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Abdur Rahem
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Nayab Tahir
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Jabar
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mubashar Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Prince Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syed Faisal Badshah
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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16
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Sharma RK, Yassin AEB. Nanostructure-based platforms-current prospective in ophthalmic drug delivery. Indian J Ophthalmol 2016; 62:768-72. [PMID: 25116766 PMCID: PMC4152643 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.138301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The topically applied drugs as drops are washed off from the eye in very short period, resulting in low ocular bioavailability of drugs. Number of approaches have been attempted to increase the bioavailability and the duration of action of ocular drugs. This review provides an insight into various novel approaches; hydrophilic nanogels, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanosponges applied very recently in the delivery of insoluble drugs, prolonging the ocular residence time, minimize pre-corneal drug loss and, therefore, bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. Despite various scientific approaches, efficient ocular drug delivery remains a challenge for pharmaceutical scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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17
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Peesa JP, Yalavarthi PR, Rasheed A, Mandava VBR. A perspective review on role of novel NSAID prodrugs in the management of acute inflammation. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joad.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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18
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Zhu T, Yu K, Bhutto MA, Wang J, Shen W, Song W, Zhou X, EI-Hamshary H, Al-Deyab SS, Mo X. A facile approach for the fabrication of nano-attapulgite/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/biopolymers core–sheath ultrafine fibrous mats for drug controlled release. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07866d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a facile method for the fabrication of flurbiprofen axetil (FA)-loaded core–sheath composite ultrafine fibers for drug sustained release.
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19
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Salazar-Méndez R, Yilmaz T, Cordero-Coma M. Moving forward in uveitis therapy: preclinical to phase II clinical trial drug development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 25:195-214. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1128893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Sheikholeslami P, Muirhead B, Baek DSH, Wang H, Zhao X, Sivakumaran D, Boyd S, Sheardown H, Hoare T. Hydrophobically-modified poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) as a physically-associative, shear-responsive ophthalmic hydrogel. Exp Eye Res 2015; 137:18-31. [PMID: 26044117 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The potential of hydrophobically-modified poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) as a shear-responsive, self-associative hydrogel for ophthalmic applications is demonstrated. Hydrophobic modification was achieved via random copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone with N-vinylformamide, the latter of which can be hydrolyzed to expose a desired degree of reactive amine groups permitting grafting of alkyl chlorides of varying alkyl chain lengths. The resulting materials formed highly shear-responsive physical hydrogels, exhibiting tunable shear thinning over 4-5 decades of viscosity from infinite shear to zero shear conditions that facilitates lubrication upon blinking and/or facile injection or drop-based delivery to the anterior or posterior segments of the eye. Viscosity changes due to self-association over time can also be tuned by changing the length of the hydrophobe, with C18-grafted materials exhibiting prolonged thickening over several weeks to form extremely stiff hydrogels and shorter grafts equilibrating significantly faster but forming weaker gels. The hydrogels remained transparent even at very high polymer concentrations (20 wt%) and are demonstrated to facilitate controlled release of a model drug (doxorubicin). The polymers exhibit minimal cytotoxicity in vitro to human corneal epithelial cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells, particularly when lower molecular weight backbone polymers were used. In vivo assessments in rabbits indicated no significant conjunctival edema or redness, secretion, corneal opacity, or iris involvement upon anterior application. Following intravitreal injection in rat eyes, no opacification of the lens, cornea or vitreous, nor any morphological or functional change to the posterior segment was observed. Examination of wholemount tissues and histology demonstrated no adverse effect from the injection or deposition of material. As such, these shear-thinning materials offer potential for drug delivery in both the anterior and posterior segments or as a vitreal replacement that can be easily administered or removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Sheikholeslami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ben Muirhead
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - David Sung Hyeon Baek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3K1, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Hai Wang
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Xu Zhao
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Daryl Sivakumaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Shelley Boyd
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3K1, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3K1, Canada
| | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
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21
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Reimondez-Troitiño S, Csaba N, Alonso MJ, de la Fuente M. Nanotherapies for the treatment of ocular diseases. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 95:279-93. [PMID: 25725262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The topical route is the most frequent and preferred way to deliver drugs to the eye. Unfortunately, the very low ocular drug bioavailability (less than 5%) associated with this modality of administration, makes the efficient treatment of several ocular diseases a significant challenge. In the last decades, it has been shown that specific nanocarriers can interact with the ocular mucosa, thereby increasing the retention time of the associated drug onto the eye, as well as its permeability across the corneal and conjunctival epithelium. In this review, we comparatively analyze the mechanism of action and specific potential of the most studied nano-drug delivery carriers. In addition, we present the success achieved until now using a number of nanotherapies for the treatment of the most prevalent ocular pathologies, such as infections, inflammation, dry eye, glaucoma, and retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reimondez-Troitiño
- Nano-oncologicals Lab, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - N Csaba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M J Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M de la Fuente
- Nano-oncologicals Lab, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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22
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Yang C, Zhu T, Wang J, Chen S, Li W. Synthesis and characterization of flurbiprofen axetil-loaded electrospun MgAl-LDHs/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite nanofibers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A model drug FA was intercalated into the interlayers of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and the particles were dispersed into the PLGA nanofibers to form a carrier for drug sustained release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tonghe Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jihu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
| | - Sihao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyao Li
- School of Material Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
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23
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Din FU, Rashid R, Mustapha O, Kim DW, Park JH, Ku SK, Oh YK, Kim JO, Youn YS, Yong CS, Choi HG. Development of a novel solid lipid nanoparticles-loaded dual-reverse thermosensitive nanomicelle for intramuscular administration with sustained release and reduced toxicity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05656j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The DRTN was prepared with flurbiprofen-loaded SLNs, poloxamers and water. The suspension transformed into a hydrogel at body temperature. The rheological characterization, release, pharmacokinetics and morphology were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar ud Din
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Rehmana Rashid
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Omer Mustapha
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Jong Hyuck Park
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Oriental Medicine
- Daegu Haany University
- Gyongsan 712-715
- South Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- South Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy
- Yeungnam University
- Gyongsan 712-749
- South Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746
- South Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy
- Yeungnam University
- Gyongsan 712-749
- South Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
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24
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Ophthalmic drug dosage forms: characterisation and research methods. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:861904. [PMID: 24772038 PMCID: PMC3977496 DOI: 10.1155/2014/861904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes hitherto developed drug forms for topical ocular administration, that is, eye drops, ointments, in situ gels, inserts, multicompartment drug delivery systems, and ophthalmic drug forms with bioadhesive properties. Heretofore, many studies have demonstrated that new and more complex ophthalmic drug forms exhibit advantage over traditional ones and are able to increase the bioavailability of the active substance by, among others, reducing the susceptibility of drug forms to defense mechanisms of the human eye, extending contact time of drug with the cornea, increasing the penetration through the complex anatomical structure of the eye, and providing controlled release of drugs into the eye tissues, which allows reducing the drug application frequency. The rest of the paper describes recommended in vitro and in vivo studies to be performed for various ophthalmic drugs forms in order to assess whether the form is acceptable from the perspective of desired properties and patient's compliance.
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25
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Patel A, Cholkar K, Agrahari V, Mitra AK. Ocular drug delivery systems: An overview. World J Pharmacol 2013; 2:47-64. [PMID: 25590022 PMCID: PMC4289909 DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v2.i2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The major challenge faced by today’s pharmacologist and formulation scientist is ocular drug delivery. Topical eye drop is the most convenient and patient compliant route of drug administration, especially for the treatment of anterior segment diseases. Delivery of drugs to the targeted ocular tissues is restricted by various precorneal, dynamic and static ocular barriers. Also, therapeutic drug levels are not maintained for longer duration in target tissues. In the past two decades, ocular drug delivery research acceleratedly advanced towards developing a novel, safe and patient compliant formulation and drug delivery devices/techniques, which may surpass these barriers and maintain drug levels in tissues. Anterior segment drug delivery advances are witnessed by modulation of conventional topical solutions with permeation and viscosity enhancers. Also, it includes development of conventional topical formulations such as suspensions, emulsions and ointments. Various nanoformulations have also been introduced for anterior segment ocular drug delivery. On the other hand, for posterior ocular delivery, research has been immensely focused towards development of drug releasing devices and nanoformulations for treating chronic vitreo-retinal diseases. These novel devices and/or formulations may help to surpass ocular barriers and associated side effects with conventional topical drops. Also, these novel devices and/or formulations are easy to formulate, no/negligibly irritating, possess high precorneal residence time, sustain the drug release, and enhance ocular bioavailability of therapeutics. An update of current research advancement in ocular drug delivery necessitates and helps drug delivery scientists to modulate their think process and develop novel and safe drug delivery strategies. Current review intends to summarize the existing conventional formulations for ocular delivery and their advancements followed by current nanotechnology based formulation developments. Also, recent developments with other ocular drug delivery strategies employing in situ gels, implants, contact lens and microneedles have been discussed.
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26
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Tsukamoto T, Hironaka K, Fujisawa T, Yamaguchi D, Tahara K, Tozuka Y, Takeuchi H. Preparation of bromfenac-loaded liposomes modified with chitosan for ophthalmic drug delivery and evaluation of physicochemical properties and drug release profile. Asian J Pharm Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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27
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Cholkar K, Patel SP, Vadlapudi AD, Mitra AK. Novel strategies for anterior segment ocular drug delivery. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2012; 29:106-23. [PMID: 23215539 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2012.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research advancements in pharmaceutical sciences have led to the development of new strategies in drug delivery to anterior segment. Designing a new delivery system that can efficiently target the diseased anterior ocular tissue, generate high drug levels, and maintain prolonged and effective concentrations with no or minimal side effects is the major focus of current research. Drug delivery by traditional method of administration via topical dosing is impeded by ocular static and dynamic barriers. Various products have been introduced into the market that prolong drug retention in the precorneal pocket and to improve bioavailability. However, there is a need of a delivery system that can provide controlled release to treat chronic ocular diseases with a reduced dosing frequency without causing any visual disturbances. This review provides an overview of anterior ocular barriers along with strategies to overcome these ocular barriers and deliver therapeutic agents to the affected anterior ocular tissue with a special emphasis on nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Cholkar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA
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28
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Gan L, Wang J, Jiang M, Bartlett H, Ouyang D, Eperjesi F, Liu J, Gan Y. Recent advances in topical ophthalmic drug delivery with lipid-based nanocarriers. Drug Discov Today 2012; 18:290-7. [PMID: 23092895 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ocular barriers and the poor water solubility of drug candidates present a number of problems for the development of ocular drug delivery systems. Recently, the emergence of lipid-based nanocarriers has provided a viable means of enhancing the bioavailability of ophthalmic formulations. A number of these formulations have been found to be clinically active and several others are currently undergoing clinical trials. In this review, the advantages of lipid-based nanocarriers as non-invasive topical ocular drug delivery systems are presented. Many systems, including emulsions, liposomes, cubosomes, niosomes and other lipid-based nanocarriers, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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29
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Angare D, Giri T, Tripathi DK, Alexander A, . A. Unexplored Areas and New Findings in Lipid Emulsion Serving as a Potential Drug Carrier for Lipophilic Drugs: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/tmr.2012.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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