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Józsa L, Nemes D, Pető Á, Kósa D, Révész R, Bácskay I, Haimhoffer Á, Vasvári G. Recent Options and Techniques to Assess Improved Bioavailability: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Methods. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041146. [PMID: 37111632 PMCID: PMC10144798 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioavailability assessment in the development phase of a drug product is vital to reveal the disadvantageous properties of the substance and the possible technological interventions. However, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies provide strong evidence for drug approval applications. Human and animal studies must be designed on the basis of preliminary biorelevant experiments in vitro and ex vivo. In this article, the authors have reviewed the recent methods and techniques from the last decade that are in use for assessing the bioavailability of drug molecules and the effects of technological modifications and drug delivery systems. Four main administration routes were selected: oral, transdermal, ocular, and nasal or inhalation. Three levels of methodologies were screened for each category: in vitro techniques with artificial membranes; cell culture, including monocultures and co-cultures; and finally, experiments where tissue or organ samples were used. Reproducibility, predictability, and level of acceptance by the regulatory organizations are summarized for the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Józsa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Nemes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágota Pető
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Kósa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Réka Révész
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Gupta S, Perla A, Roy A, Vitore JG, K B, Salave S, Rana D, Sharma A, Rathod R, Kumar H, Benival D. In Vivo Evaluation of Almotriptan malate Formulation through Intranasal Route for the Treatment of Migraine: Systematic Development and Pharmacokinetic Assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:32. [PMID: 36627414 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine headaches are usually intolerable, and a quick-relief treatment remains an unmet medical need. Almotriptan malate is a serotonin (5-HT1B/1D) receptor agonist approved for the treatment of acute migraine in adults. It is currently available in an oral tablet dosage form and has a Tmax of 1-3 h, and therefore, there is a medical need to develop a non-invasive rapidly acting formulation. We have developed an intranasal formulation of almotriptan malate using the quality-by-design (QbD) approach. A 2-factor 3-level full factorial design was selected to build up the experimental setting. The developed formulation was characterized for pH, viscosity, in vitro permeation, ex vivo permeation, and histopathological tolerance. To assess the potential of the developed formulation to produce a rapid onset of action following intranasal delivery, a pharmacokinetic study was performed in the Sprague-Dawley rat model and compared to the currently available marketed oral tablet formulation. For this, the LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method was developed and used for the determination of plasma almotriptan malate concentrations. Results of a pharmacokinetic study revealed that intranasal administration of optimized almotriptan malate formulation enabled an almost five-fold reduction in Tmax and about seven-fold increase in bioavailability in comparison to the currently available oral tablet formulation, suggesting the potential of developed almotriptan malate intranasal formulation in producing a rapid onset of action as well as enhanced bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, India
| | - Akhil Perla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, India
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, India
| | - Jyotsna G Vitore
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, India
| | - Bharathi K
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, India
| | - Dhwani Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, India
| | - Rajeshwari Rathod
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, India. .,Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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Desai GN, Dandagi PM, Kazi TM. Nanosized Intranasal Delivery of Novel Self-Assembled Cubic Liquid Crystals: Formulation and Evaluation. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Saepang K, Li SK, Chantasart D. Effect of Pulsed Direct Current on Iontophoretic Delivery of Pramipexole across Human Epidermal Membrane In Vitro. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1187-1198. [PMID: 34136986 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulsed direct current (PDC) iontophoresis, by allowing skin depolarization, was suggested to provide more efficient ion transport, but the extent of its enhancement effect was unclear. PDC could also offer electric-customized drug delivery. This study examined the effect of PDC iontophoresis on transdermal delivery of pramipexole dihydrochloride (PXCl). METHODS Iontophoretic delivery of PXCl across human epidermal membrane from pH 7.0 solution was conducted in vitro using continuous direct current (DC) and 6- and 12-cycle PDC iontophoresis (0.5 mA/cm2 and total applied duration of 6 h). Different parameters of PDC iontophoresis were studied, including current density (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mA/cm2) and on-off current dosing pattern (1 h/3 h, 0.5 h/3.5 h, and 0.2 h/3.8 h). RESULTS Both 6- and 12-cycle PDC iontophoresis protocols provided modulation of the permeation profile but delivered smaller amounts of PXCl (396 and 400 μg/cm2, respectively) as compared with continuous DC iontophoresis (482 μg/cm2) at 24 h after 0.5 mA/cm2 and 180 mA/cm2 × min current dose application. Increasing applied current density from 0.1 to 0.5 mA/cm2 increased the PDC iontophoretic flux of PXCl linearly from 5.3 to 14.6 μg/cm2·h (R2 = 0.887). Varying the current level and duration but at the same applied current dose (36 mA/cm2 × min), the total amount of PXCl delivered by PDC iontophoresis at 24 h was independent of the on-off dosing pattern studied (114-128 μg/cm2). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that PDC iontophoresis can benefit transdermal delivery of PXCl in terms of controlling its permeation but does not enhance iontophoretic transport compared to continuous DC iontophoresis under the conditions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamchai Saepang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - S Kevin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Doungdaw Chantasart
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Enhancement strategies for transdermal drug delivery systems: current trends and applications. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:758-791. [PMID: 33474709 PMCID: PMC7817074 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems have become an intriguing research topic in pharmaceutical technology area and one of the most frequently developed pharmaceutical products in global market. The use of these systems can overcome associated drawbacks of other delivery routes, such as oral and parenteral. The authors will review current trends, and future applications of transdermal technologies, with specific focus on providing a comprehensive understanding of transdermal drug delivery systems and enhancement strategies. This article will initially discuss each transdermal enhancement method used in the development of first-generation transdermal products. These methods include drug/vehicle interactions, vesicles and particles, stratum corneum modification, energy-driven methods and stratum corneum bypassing techniques. Through suitable design and implementation of active stratum corneum bypassing methods, notably microneedle technology, transdermal delivery systems have been shown to deliver both low and high molecular weight drugs. Microneedle technology platforms have proven themselves to be more versatile than other transdermal systems with opportunities for intradermal delivery of drugs/biotherapeutics and therapeutic drug monitoring. These have shown that microneedles have been a prospective strategy for improving transdermal delivery systems.
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Verekar RR, Gurav SS, Bolmal U. Thermosensitive mucoadhesive in situ gel for intranasal delivery of Almotriptan malate: Formulation, characterization, and evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Salem LH, El-Feky GS, Fahmy RH, El Gazayerly ON, Abdelbary A. Coated Lipidic Nanoparticles as a New Strategy for Enhancing Nose-to-Brain Delivery of a Hydrophilic Drug Molecule. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2237-2251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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An YH, Lee J, Son DU, Kang DH, Park MJ, Cho KW, Kim S, Kim SH, Ko J, Jang MH, Lee JY, Kim DH, Hwang NS. Facilitated Transdermal Drug Delivery Using Nanocarriers-Embedded Electroconductive Hydrogel Coupled with Reverse Electrodialysis-Driven Iontophoresis. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4523-4535. [PMID: 32191436 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We herein developed an iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery system for the effective delivery of electrically mobile drug nanocarriers (DNs). Our system consists of a portable and disposable reverse electrodialysis (RED) battery that generates electric power for iontophoresis through the ionic exchange. In addition, in order to provide a drug reservoir to the RED-driven iontophoretic system, an electroconductive hydrogel composed of polypyrrole-incorporated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PYP) was used. The PYP hydrogel facilitated electron transfer from the RED battery and accelerated the mobility of electrically mobile DNs released from the PYP hydrogel. In this study, we showed that fluconazole- or rosiglitazone-loaded DNs could be functionalized with charge-inducing agents, and DNs with charge modification resulted in facilitated transdermal transport via repulsive RED-driven iontophoresis. In addition, topical application and RED-driven iontophoresis of rosiglitazone-loaded DNs resulted in an effective antiobese condition displaying decreased bodyweight, reduced glucose level, and increased conversion of white adipose tissues to brown adipose tissues in vivo. Consequently, we highlight that this transdermal drug delivery platform would be extensively utilized for delivering diverse therapeutic agents in a noninvasive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyeon An
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Son
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihn Jeong Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Won Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwan Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyeon Ko
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hoon Jang
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Mucoadhesive buccal film of almotriptan improved therapeutic delivery in rabbit model. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 28:201-209. [PMID: 32042259 PMCID: PMC7000341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of almotriptan as an oral therapy is largely limited because of poor aqueous solubility and rather low bioavailability. The aim of present investigation was to formulate oral mucoadhesive film of almotriptan to improve the drug delivery and desired therapeutic effects. Placebo films (F1-F8) were prepared by varying the concentrations of Proloc 15 (7.5-15% w/v) and Eudragit RL 100/RS 100 (15-30% w/v) polymers. Physicomechanical and pharmaceutical characteristics of drug loaded films (FA1-FA4) were examined. Selected FA4 film was evaluated in vivo by assessing the pharmacokinetic profile and compared with oral therapy in rabbits. FA1-FA4 films exhibited excellent physicomechanical properties and rapid hydration. A biphasic and considerably greater drug release (p < 0.05) was observed in FA3 and FA4 films contain higher amount of hydrophilic polymer. The rate of permeation of almotriptan was found to be significantly higher in FA4 than FA3 film (p < 0.005). Fourier transform infrared spectral scan indicates no incompatibility exists between the drug and polymers used. Differential scanning calorimetry thermogram represents the evidence of almotriptan amorphization and molecular dispersion of it in the film. Scanning electron microscopy images shows that FA4 possess good morphological features and hence suitable for use in the buccal application. In vivo data demonstrated rapid and efficient absorption (p < 0.005) of almotriptan with greater AUC0-12 (>2 folds, p < 0.0001) by FA4 film as compared to oral (control). In general, the data established the potential of FA4 film to improve the therapeutic delivery of almotriptan and offers a promising option in migraine therapy.
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Lu IJ, Fu YS, Chang WY, Wu PC. Using Microemulsion as Carrier for Drug Transdermal Delivery: The Effect of Surfactants and Cosurfactants. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1052-1058. [PMID: 31131746 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190527091528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of types of surfactants and cosurfactants on physicochemical properties and permeability of sumatriptan-loaded microemulsions through rat skin. METHODS Different types of surfactants and cosurfactants were used to prepare drug-loaded microemulsions. The physicochemical characters and permeability parameters of these formulations were measured. RESULTS The experimental microemulsions with varying components had small droplet size ranging from 24.6 nm to 2568.8 nm, low viscosity ranging from 7.49 to 43.34 cps and significant permeation enhancement ratio ranging from 23.0 to 98.6 when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The composition and proportion of surfactants and cosurfactants were key factors for the physiochemical properties of drug-loaded microemulsions. The cumulative transdermal amount of the microemulsion containing mixture surfactant of Laureth-3/Laureth-23 was higher than that of the microemulsion with a mixture of Tween 80/Span 20. In the selected cosurfactant, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGMEE) showed highest permeation enhancement. Thermodynamic stability tests revealed that the experimental microemulsion was a stable enough formulation to be considered as a suitable carrier for sumatriptan.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ju Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China
| | - Wen-Yu Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China
| | - Pao-Chu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China
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Calatayud-Pascual MA, Sebastian-Morelló M, Balaguer-Fernández C, Delgado-Charro MB, López-Castellano A, Merino V. Influence of Chemical Enhancers and Iontophoresis on the In Vitro Transdermal Permeation of Propranolol: Evaluation by Dermatopharmacokinetics. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040265. [PMID: 30544534 PMCID: PMC6321337 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess, in vitro, the possibility of administering propranolol transdermally and to evaluate the usefulness of the dermatopharmacokinetic (DPK) method in assessing the transport of drugs through stratum corneum, using propranolol as a model compound. Four chemical enhancers (decenoic and oleic acid, laurocapram, and R-(+)-limonene) and iontophoresis at two current densities, 0.25 and 0.5 mA/cm2 were tested. R-(+)-limonene, and iontophoresis at 0.5 mA/cm2 were proven to be the most efficient in increasing propranolol transdermal flux, both doubled the original propranolol transdermal flux. Iontophoresis was demonstrated to be superior than the chemical enhancer because it allowed faster delivery of the drug. The DPK method was sufficiently sensitive to detect subtle vehicle-induced effects on the skin permeation of propranolol. The shorter duration of these experiments and their ability to provide mechanistic information about partition between vehicle and skin and diffusivity through skin place them as practical and potentially insightful approach to quantify and, ultimately, optimize topical bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Aracely Calatayud-Pascual
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
| | - María Sebastian-Morelló
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
| | - Cristina Balaguer-Fernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
| | - M Begoña Delgado-Charro
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Alicia López-Castellano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
| | - Virginia Merino
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universidad de València, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés sn, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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Saibaba B, Vishnuvardhan C, Johnsi Rani P, Satheesh Kumar N. Stability-Indicating Reversed-Phase UHPLC Method Development and Characterization of Degradation Products of Almotriptan Maleate by LC-QTOF-MS/MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:6-17. [PMID: 28977362 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Almotriptan maleate (ALMT), a highly selective 5-hydroxy tryptamine 1B/1D (5-HT1B/1D) receptor agonist used in the treatment of migraine headache was subjected to various ICH (Q1A (R2)) specified guidelines. The drug underwent significant degradation under hydrolytic (acid, base and neutral), oxidative and photolytic stress conditions, while it was stable under thermal stress condition. A total of seven significant degradation products (DPs) were obtained. A simple, selective and reliable UPLC method has been developed for the separation of ALMT and its DPs using Acquity UPLC HSS Cyano (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) column with mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate (10 mM, pH 4.4) buffer and acetonitrile in gradient elution mode. Chromatographic analysis was performed at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min using a PDA detector at a wavelength of 230 nm. All the DPs (DP-1 to DP-7) were characterized using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF based on mass fragmentation pattern and accurate m/z values. The developed UPLC method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. The developed stability-indicating method helps in quantification of drug in the presence of DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Saibaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 037, Telangana, India
| | - Ch Vishnuvardhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 037, Telangana, India
| | - P Johnsi Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 037, Telangana, India
| | - N Satheesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 037, Telangana, India
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Kim KT, Lee J, Kim MH, Park JH, Lee JY, Song JH, Jung M, Jang MH, Cho HJ, Yoon IS, Kim DD. Novel reverse electrodialysis-driven iontophoretic system for topical and transdermal delivery of poorly permeable therapeutic agents. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1204-1215. [PMID: 28844174 PMCID: PMC8241169 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1367975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical and transdermal drug delivery has great potential in non-invasive and non-oral administration of poorly bioavailable therapeutic agents. However, due to the barrier function of the stratum corneum, the drugs that can be clinically feasible candidates for topical and transdermal delivery have been limited to small-sized lipophilic molecules. Previously, we fabricated a novel iontophoretic system using reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology (RED system). However, no study has demonstrated its utility in topical and/or transdermal delivery of poorly permeable therapeutic agents. In this study, we report the topical delivery of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-hyaluronic acid (FITC-HA) and vitamin C and the transdermal delivery of lopinavir using our newly developed RED system in the in vitro hairless mouse skin and in vivo Sprague-Dawley rat models. The RED system significantly enhanced the efficiency of topical HA and vitamin C and transdermal lopinavir delivery. Moreover, the efficiency and safety of transdermal delivery using the RED system were comparable with those of a commercial ketoprofen patch formulation. Thus, the RED system can be a potential topical and transdermal delivery system for various poorly bioavailable pharmaceuticals including HA, vitamin C, and lopinavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Taek Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Lee
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hwan Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Song
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoong Jung
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hoon Jang
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lee J, Kwon K, Kim M, Min J, Hwang NS, Kim WS. Transdermal iontophoresis patch with reverse electrodialysis. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:701-706. [PMID: 28426265 PMCID: PMC8241008 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1282555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology generates energy from the salinity gradient by contacting waters with different salinity. Herein, we develop the disposable skin patch using this eco-friendly energy. The current density, which can be controlled easily without special circuit, is enough to iontophoretic drug delivery. In vitro study, this iontophoretic system enhanced the transdermal delivery of peptide, which is difficult to penetrate the skin barrier by simple diffusion. We design the disposable iontophoretic skin patch using RED system and suggest this patch can be apply on new cosmetic patch or disposable drug patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Lee
- Biosensor Laboratories Incoperated, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, and
| | - Kilsung Kwon
- Biosensor Laboratories Incoperated, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Biosensor Laboratories Incoperated, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhong Min
- Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, and
| | - Won-serk Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Antonaci F, Ghiotto N, Wu S, Pucci E, Costa A. Recent advances in migraine therapy. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:637. [PMID: 27330903 PMCID: PMC4870579 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a common and highly disabling neurological disorder associated with a high socioeconomic burden. Effective migraine management depends on adequate patient education: to avoid unrealistic expectations, the condition must be carefully explained to the patient soon as it is diagnosed. The range of available acute treatments has increased over time. At present, abortive migraine therapy can be classed as specific (ergot derivatives and triptans) or non-specific (analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Even though acute symptomatic therapy can be optimised, migraine continues to be a chronic and potentially progressive condition. In addition to the drugs officially approved for migraine prevention by international governmental regulatory agencies, numerous different agents are commonly used for this indication, showing various levels of evidence of efficacy and tolerability. Guidelines published in recent years, based on evidence-based medicine data on migraine prophylaxis, are a useful source of guidance, especially for primary care physicians and neurologists without specific expertise in headache medicine. Although the field of pharmacological migraine prevention has seen few advances in recent years, potential novel approaches are now being developed. This review looks at emerging pharmacological strategies for acute and preventive migraine treatment that are nearing or have already entered the clinical trial phase. Specifically, it discusses preclinical and clinical data on compounds acting on calcitonin gene-related peptide or its receptor, the serotonin 5-HT1F receptor, nitric oxide synthase, and acid-sensing ion channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Antonaci
- Headache Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy ; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Natascia Ghiotto
- Headache Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shizheng Wu
- China Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Ennio Pucci
- Headache Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy ; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Costa
- Headache Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy ; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Mohammed MI, Makky AMA, Teaima MHM, Abdellatif MM, Hamzawy MA, Khalil MAF. Transdermal delivery of vancomycin hydrochloride using combination of nano-ethosomes and iontophoresis: in vitro and in vivo study. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:1558-64. [PMID: 25726990 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1013200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate transdermal delivery of vancomycin hydrochloride using the combination of ethosomes as an encapsulating vesicle and iontophoresis. Ethosomes were prepared and evaluated in terms of electrochemical stability. Cathodal iontophoresis of negatively charged ethosomes and anodal iontophoresis of free drug solution and positively charged vesicles were conducted. The effect of current mode, density, concentration of drug and ionic strength was studied. In vivo study was performed by inducing mediastinitis in Sprague-Dawley rats using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as infected pathogen, the mean bacterial count was compared between groups of rats, one of the treated groups received drug intramuscularly while the other group received vancomycin using iontophoretic delivery of optimized ethosomal formula. Ethosomes showed efficient electrochemical stability, cathodal iontophoresis of negatively charged vesicle (F2) showed maximum transdermal flux (550 µg/cm(2)/h) compared to free drug solution and other ethosomal formulae, transdermal flux was reduced by altering current mode from continuous to ON/OFF mode, reducing current density and by using normal saline as drug solvent; on the other hand, flux was potentiated by increasing drug concentration from 25 to 75 mg/ml. In vivo study revealed that there was a significant difference in terms of bacterial count between untreated and treated groups, while there was no statistically significant difference between the I.M. vancomycin treatment and treatment conducted by iontophoretic delivery of vancomycin encapsulated in ethosomal formula. Combination between ethosomes and iontophoresis had succeeded in delivering vancomycin transdermally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy I Mohammed
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt .,b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy
| | - Amna M A Makky
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt .,b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy
| | - Mahmoud H M Teaima
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | | | | | - Mahmoud A F Khalil
- d Department of Microbiology and Immunology , College of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology , Giza , Egypt
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18
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Roustit M, Blaise S, Cracowski JL. Trials and tribulations of skin iontophoresis in therapeutics. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 77:63-71. [PMID: 23590287 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iontophoresis is a method of non-invasive transdermal drug delivery based on the transfer of charged molecules using a low-intensity electric current. Both local and systemic administration are possible; however, the skin pharmacokinetics of iontophoretically delivered drugs is complex and difficult to anticipate. The unquestionable theoretical advantages of the technique make it attractive in several potential applications. After a brief review of the factors influencing iontophoresis, we detail the current applications of iontophoresis in therapeutics and the main potential applications under investigation, including systemic and topical drugs and focusing on the treatment of scleroderma-related ulcerations. Finally, we address the issue of safety, which could be a limitation to the routine clinical use of iontophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Roustit
- Inserm U1042, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Inserm CIC03, Grenoble, France
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19
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Wong TW. Electrical, magnetic, photomechanical and cavitational waves to overcome skin barrier for transdermal drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 193:257-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Gao Y, Yuan J, Liu H, Yang Y, Hou Y, Li S. Tramadol loading, release and iontophoretic characteristics of ion-exchange fiber. Int J Pharm 2014; 465:102-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Patel N, Jain S, Madan P, Lin S. Influence of electronic and formulation variables on transdermal iontophoresis of tacrine hydrochloride. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:442-57. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.879886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Negro A, Lionetto L, D'Alonzo L, Casolla B, Marsibilio F, Vignaroli G, Simmaco M, Martelletti P. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of almotriptan for the treatment of migraines. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:637-44. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.783012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Singh ND, Banga AK. Controlled delivery of ropinirole hydrochloride through skin using modulated iontophoresis and microneedles. J Drug Target 2013; 21:354-66. [PMID: 23311703 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.757768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of modulated current application using iontophoresis- and microneedle-mediated delivery on transdermal permeation of ropinirole hydrochloride. AdminPatch® microneedles and microchannels formed by them were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, dye staining and confocal microscopy. In vitro permeation studies were carried out using Franz diffusion cells, and skin extraction was used to quantify drug in underlying skin. Effect of microneedle pore density and ions in donor formulation was studied. Active enhancement techniques, continuous iontophoresis (74.13 ± 2.20 µg/cm(2)) and microneedles (66.97 ± 10.39 µg/cm(2)), significantly increased the permeation of drug with respect to passive delivery (8.25 ± 2.41 µg/cm(2)). Modulated iontophoresis could control the amount of drug delivered at a given time point with the highest flux being 5.12 ± 1.70 µg/cm(2)/h (5-7 h) and 5.99 ± 0.81 µg/cm(2)/h (20-22 h). Combination of modulated iontophoresis and microneedles (46.50 ± 6.46 µg/cm(2)) showed significantly higher delivery of ropinirole hydrochloride compared to modulated iontophoresis alone (84.91 ± 9.21 µg/cm(2)). Modulated iontophoresis can help in maintaining precise control over ropinirole hydrochloride delivery for dose titration in Parkinson's disease therapy and deliver therapeutic amounts over a suitable patch area and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha D Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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24
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Ultraviolet Determination of Memantine Hydrochloride afterIn VitroTransdermal Diffusion Studies. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/502652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to validate an accurate and precise high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method involving ultraviolet detection for the quantitative analysis of memantine hydrochloride. In order to analyze a molecule with no chromophoric groups that could be detected by a UV/visible detector, it was necessary to extract the drug and to perform a dansylation reaction that enabled the UV/visible detection of the derivatized molecule. Separation was carried out with a 150 mm Kromasil C18 column at room temperature. The detection response, at 218 nm, was found to be linear in the concentration range from 0.5 to 50 μg/mL. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and robustness. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.144 μg/mL, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.437 μg/mL. The dansylated memantine complex was stable for at least five days in all the conditions evaluated. The potential use of this method has been demonstrated by the quantification of memantine hydrochloride contained in samples from the study of itsin vitrotransdermal permeation.
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25
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Wong TW, Nor Khaizan A. Physicochemical Modulation of Skin Barrier by Microwave for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Pharm Res 2012; 30:90-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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