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Gold(I) Complexes Bearing Alkylated 1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphaadamantane Ligands as Thermoresponsive Anticancer Agents in Human Colon Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121848. [PMID: 34944664 PMCID: PMC8698759 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Overheating can affect solubility or lipophilicity, among other properties, of some anticancer drugs. These temperature-dependent changes can improve efficiency and selectivity of the drugs, since they may affect their bioavailability, diffusion through cell membrane or activity. One recent approach to create thermosensitive molecules is the incorporation of fluorine atoms in the chemical structure, since fluor can tune some chemical properties such as binding affinity. Herein we report the anticancer effect of gold derivatives with phosphanes derived from 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) with long hydrocarbon chains and the homologous fluorinated chains. Besides, we analysed the influence of temperature in the cytotoxic effect. The studied gold(I) complexes with phosphanes derived from PTA showed antiproliferative effect on human colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2/TC7 cell line), probably by inhibiting cellular TrxR causing a dysfunction in the intracellular redox state. In addition, the cell cycle was altered by the activation of p53, and the complexes produce apoptosis through mitochondrial depolarization and the consequent activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, the results suggest that this cytotoxic effect is enhanced by hyperthermia and the presence of polyfluorinated chains.
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Synthesis and Correlation of Aggregation and Antimicrobial Properties of Homochiral Quaternary Ammonium Bromides Derived from Camphoric Acid. EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/afpuc-2020-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A group of homochiral quaternary ammonium salts bearing hydrophobic camphoric acid-derived moiety was synthesized and characterized. The aggregation properties of the prepared compounds were evaluated by surface tension measurements, and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was calculated. The novel quaternary ammonium bromides were tested as antimicrobial and antifungal agents, and their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated and compared to clinically used benzalkonium bromide (BAB). Correlation of MIC with CMC reveals that monomers of prepared cationic surfactants, instead of micelles, are primarily responsible for antimicrobial activity.
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A new amido-phosphine of dichloroacetic acid as an active ligand for metals of pharmaceutical interest. Synthesis, characterization and tests of antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 199:110787. [PMID: 31357068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe the synthesis and characterization of the new amido-phosphinic ligand 3,7‑bis(dichloroacetyl)‑1,3,7‑triaza‑5‑phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (DCP), a derivative of dichloroacetic acid (DCA), whose ability to reverse the suppressed mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer cells is known. DCP was obtained by a double N-acylation of PTA (1,3,5‑triaza‑7‑phosphaadamantane) occurring with loss of CH2, in appropriate conditions. Due to the hindered rotation around the amidic CN bonds, three rotameric forms of DCP were observed, whose ratio in solution was dependent on the solvent, while the X-ray crystal structure of DCP showed an opposite orientation of the two amidic carbonyl groups (anti rotamer). The lipophilic, air and thermally stable DCP was found able to act regiospecifically as a P-donor ligand toward soft metal ions. By ligand substitution on appropriate precursors, we obtained the complexes 1-9, where proapoptotic DCA is associated with metal ions of known cytotoxic activity on cancer cells (Pt2+, Pd2+, Ru2+, Re+, Au+). The antiproliferative activity of DCP and its complexes was tested in vitro, in comparison with cisplatin, on three human tumor cell lines: A2780 (ovarian cisplatin-sensitive), A2780cis (ovarian cisplatin-resistant) and K562 (erythroleukemic). The results showed that the simultaneous presence of DCP (containing two residues of proapoptotic DCA) and Pt(II) produces the best performances with respect to non-platinum complexes. Experiments of pro-apoptotic activity indicated that the antiproliferative activity of the most active DCP-Pt(II) complexes is associated with induction of apoptosis.
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Guerriero A, Peruzzini M, Gonsalvi L. Coordination chemistry of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane (PTA) and derivatives. Part III. Variations on a theme: Novel architectures, materials and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sguizzato M, Cortesi R, Gallerani E, Drechsler M, Marvelli L, Mariani P, Carducci F, Gavioli R, Esposito E, Bergamini P. Solid lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) platinum (II) carboxylates. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 74:357-364. [PMID: 28254304 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) is a promising route for the delivery of platinum complexes aimed to anticancer activity. This paper describes the production and characterization of SLN suitable for the loading of Pt complexes containing the biocompatible phosphine 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) as neutral ligand. After a screening of several lipidic phases, stearic acid-based SLN were identified as the most appropriate for the purpose. They were produced by emulsion-dilution method and then characterized in terms of dimension, polydispersity, time stability, pH balance and morphological aspect. Stearic acid SLN are designed as a system able to coordinate to platinum, acting as anionic carboxylic ligands, replacing the base carbonate of the Pt synthon [PtCO3(DMSO)2], where also DMSO can subsequently be substituted by phosphinic ligands, namely PTA. SLN functionalised with Pt-PTA were produced and characterized by this synthetic route. The toxicity of plain SLN and the antiproliferative effect of SLN functionalised with Pt-PTA were evaluated on two human cancer cell lines K562 and A2780. The results indicate that SLN can be exploited as a delivery system for Pt complexes with potential anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Sguizzato
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rita Cortesi
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Lorenza Marvelli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Carducci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Esposito
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Bergamini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Cortesi R, Damiani C, Ravani L, Marvelli L, Esposito E, Drechsler M, Pagnoni A, Mariani P, Sforza F, Bergamini P. Lipid-based nanoparticles containing cationic derivatives of PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) as innovative vehicle for Pt complexes: Production, characterization and in vitro studies. Int J Pharm 2015; 492:291-300. [PMID: 26187165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aliphatic phosphine PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) is a promising ligand for metal complexes designed and developed as innovative inorganic drugs. In the present paper, an N-alkylated derivative of PTA, (PTAC16H33)X (X=I, C1, or X=PF6, C2) and its platinum coordination complex cis-[PtCl2(PTAC16H33)2](PF6)2, C3, were considered as components of cationic lipid nanoparticles (CLNs). Particularly, CLN1, CLN2 and CLN3 were obtained by adding derivatives C1, C2 or C3 during nanoparticles preparation, while CLN2-Pt were obtained by treating preformed CLN2 with Pt(II). It was demonstrated that CLN1, CLN2 and CLN3 can be produced with technological conventional methods. However, among the two here proposed protocols, the one based on the treatment of preformed nanoparticles appears more advantageous as compared to the other since it allows a quantitative association yield of Pt. As determined by ICP-OES, a content of P and Pt 2.2-fold and 2.5-fold higher in CLN2-Pt than in CLN3 was evidenced. For the first time was demonstrated that properly functionalized preformed nanoparticles can be efficiently used to obtain a post production Pt(II) complex while maintaining a cytotoxic activity toward cultured cells. In fact, the antiproliferative activity shown by CLN3, CLN2-Pt on the three model cancer cell lines was substantially similar and comparable to that of complex C3 in dmso solution. Thus N-alkylated-PTA derivatives in CLNs could be proposed as innovative biocompatible and water dispersible nanoparticles carrying lipophilic Pt complexes becoming an interesting and improved system with respect to dmso solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cortesi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Nanopharmanet: The Italian Network of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Italy.
| | - Chiara Damiani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Ravani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenza Marvelli
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Esposito
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Pagnoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and CNISM, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Sforza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Bergamini
- Nanopharmanet: The Italian Network of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Italy
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Severino P, Szymanski M, Favaro M, Azzoni AR, Chaud MV, Santana MHA, Silva AM, Souto EB. Development and characterization of a cationic lipid nanocarrier as non-viral vector for gene therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 66:78-82. [PMID: 25446510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to produce a cationic solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) as non-viral vector for protein delivery. Cationic SLN were produced by double emulsion method, composed of softisan(®) 100, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), Tween(®) 80, Span(®) 80, glycerol and lipoid(®) S75 loading insulin as model protein. The formulation was characterized in terms of mean hydrodynamic diameter (z-ave), polydispersity index (PI), zeta potential (ZP), stability during storage time, stability after lyophilization, effect of toxicity and transfection ability in HeLa cells, in vitro release profile and morphology. SLN were stable for 30days and showed minimal changes in their physicochemical properties after lyophilization. The particles exhibited a relatively slow release, spherical morphology and were able to transfect HeLa cells, but toxicity remained an obstacle. Results suggest that SLN are nevertheless promising for delivery of proteins or nucleic acids for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Severino
- Department of Biotechnological Processes, School of Engineering Chemical, University of Campinas-Unicamp, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University (UFP-FCS), Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Szymanski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Analysis, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marianna Favaro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Analysis, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano R Azzoni
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Analysis, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco V Chaud
- Laboratory for Development and Evaluation of Bioactive Substance, Sorocaba University, UNISO, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena A Santana
- Department of Biotechnological Processes, School of Engineering Chemical, University of Campinas-Unicamp, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University (UFP-FCS), Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Mikláš R, Miklášová N, Bukovský M, Horváth B, Kubincová J, Devínsky F. Synthesis, surface and antimicrobial properties of some quaternary ammonium homochiral camphor sulfonamides. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 65:29-37. [PMID: 25218991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A group of homochiral quaternary ammonium sulfonamides bearing hydrophobic camphor derived moieties were synthesized and characterized. The described synthetic procedure is quick and efficient. The novel quaternary ammonium bromides were tested as antimicrobial and antifungal agents. They exhibited strong antimicrobial and also antifungal activity, especially N-{2-[((1S, 4R)-7,7-dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-1-yl)methylsulfonamido] ethyl}-N,N-dimethyltetradecan-1-aminium bromide 1c. The surface properties of prepared compounds were evaluated by surface tension measurements and critical micelle concentration (CMC) with surface tension at CMC (γCMC) was calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mikláš
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - N Miklášová
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Bukovský
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - B Horváth
- NMR Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Kubincová
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - F Devínsky
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
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Cortesi R, Campioni M, Ravani L, Drechsler M, Pinotti M, Esposito E. Cationic lipid nanosystems as carriers for nucleic acids. N Biotechnol 2013; 31:44-54. [PMID: 24120492 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) consisting of tristearin or tribehenin, and monoolein aqueous dispersions (MADs) consisting of glyceryl-monoolein have been studied as potential nanocarriers for nucleic acids. The cationic character of nanocarriers was obtained by adding cationic surfactants, such as diisobutylphenoxyethyl-dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DEBDA) or PEG-15 Cocopolyamine (PCPA), to the lipid composition. The products were characterised in terms of size and morphology by Cryo-TEM and PCS. The charge properties were determined by measuring the zeta potential. Our experimental protocol enabled us to obtain homogeneous and stable cationic nanosystems within 3-6 months of production. Assessment of cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells by MTT assays indicated that MAD preparations were less toxic than SLN, and in general PCPA-containing formulations are less cytotoxic than DEBDA-containing ones. The formation of electrostatic complexes with salmon sperm or plasmid DNA, used as model nucleic acids, was evaluated by electrophoresis on agarose gel. The results confirmed that all the formulations studied are able to form the complex. Finally, we investigated the ability of SLN and MAD to deliver DNA into HepG2 cells, and to this purpose we exploited expression plasmids for green fluorescent protein or firefly luciferase. Although with reduced efficiency, the results showed that the produced nanocarriers are able to convey plasmids into cells. The data obtained encourage further study aimed at improving these new formulations and proposing them as novel in vitro transfection reagents with potential application to in vivo delivery of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cortesi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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