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Ahmad N, Albassam AA, Faiyaz Khan M, Ullah Z, Mohammed Buheazah T, Salman AlHomoud H, Ali Al-Nasif H. A novel 5-Fluorocuracil multiple-nanoemulsion used for the enhancement of oral bioavailability in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3704-3716. [PMID: 35844373 PMCID: PMC9280251 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a drug of choice for colorectal-cancer. But oral therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU is restricted due to their very little bioavailability because of poor membrane permeability and GIT-absorption. We have developed a multiple nanoemulsion (w/o/w i.e. 5-FU-MNE) in which 5-FU incorporated to improve their oral-absorption. Globule-size of opt-5-FU-MNE was 51.64 ± 2.61 nm with PDI and ZP 0.101 ± 0.001 and −5.59 ± 0.94, respectively. In vitro 5-FU-release and ex vivo permeation studies exhibited 99.71% release and 83.64% of 5-FU from opt-nanoformulation. Cytotoxic in vitro studies-exhibited that 5-FU in opt-5-FU-MNE was 5-times more potent than 5-FU-S on human-colon-cancer-cell-lines (HT-29). The enhanced Cmax with AUC0-8h with opt-5-FU-MNE was shown extremely significant (p < 0.001) in wistar rat’s plasma in the comparison of oral and i.v. treated group of 5-FU-S by PK-observations. Furthermore, opt-5-FU-MNE was showed much more significant (p < 0.001) results as compared to 5-FU-S (free) on cell lines for human colon cancer (HT-29).
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Sahu SK, Raj R, Raj PM, Alpana R. Topical Lipid Based Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Diseases: A Review. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885513666181112153213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of skin ailments through systemic administration is limited due to toxicity and
patients discomfort. Hence, lower risk of systemic side effects from topical dosage forms like ointments,
creams, emulsions and gels is more preferred for the treatment of skin disease. Application
of lipid based carriers in drug delivery in topical formulations has recently become one of the major
approaches to improve drug permeation, safety, and effectiveness. These delivery systems include
liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, Nanoemulsions (NEs), Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs)
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) and micelles. Most of the liposomes and SLNs based products
are in the market while some are under investigation. Transcutaneous delivery of therapeutics
to the skin layer by novel lipid based carriers has enhanced topical therapy for the treatment of skin
ailments. This article covers an overview of the lipid-based carriers for topical uses to alleviate skin
diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Sahu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG)-495009, India
| | - Rakesh Raj
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG)-495009, India
| | - Pooja Mongia Raj
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG)-495009, India
| | - Ram Alpana
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG)-495009, India
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Leite CB, Coelho JM, Ferreira-Nunes R, Gelfuso GM, Durigan JL, Azevedo RB, Muehlmann LA, Sousa MH. Phonophoretic application of a glucosamine and chondroitin nanoemulsion for treatment of knee chondropathies. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:647-659. [PMID: 32118508 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was performed to assess the effect of the phonophoretic application of a nanoemulsion incorporating glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate (NANO-CG) associated with kinesiotherapy on the reduction of pain and stiffness in knee chondropathy. Materials & methods: NANO-CG was tested in vitro and in vivo prior to being applied in a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Results: Cell viability and hen's egg test-chorionallantonic membrane tests indicated the NANO-CG is safe for topical application. Permeation tests showed NANO-CG enhances drug permeation through the skin. There was no statistical significance between treated groups in this preliminary study, however, pain reduction and complete recovery of articular cartilage were observed in some patients treated with NANO-CG. Conclusion: We demonstrate that NANO-CG may be a promising candidate for the therapy of knee chondropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Bs Leite
- Green Nanotechnology Group, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Janaina M Coelho
- Laboratory of Nanoscience & Immunology, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 72220-900, Brazil.,Department of Genetics & Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ferreira-Nunes
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs & Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs & Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - João Lq Durigan
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduation Program, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B Azevedo
- Department of Genetics & Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luis A Muehlmann
- Laboratory of Nanoscience & Immunology, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo H Sousa
- Green Nanotechnology Group, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 72220-900, Brazil
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Eicher AC, Dobler D, Kiselmann C, Schmidts T, Runkel F. Dermal delivery of therapeutic DNAzymes via chitosan hydrogels. Int J Pharm 2019; 563:208-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Meng L, Ma W, Lin S, Shi S, Li Y, Lin Y. Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure-Delivered DNAzyme for Gene Silencing to Suppress Cell Growth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6850-6857. [PMID: 30698411 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yanjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Soriano-Ruiz JL, Suñer-Carbó J, Calpena-Campmany AC, Bozal-de Febrer N, Halbaut-Bellowa L, Boix-Montañés A, Souto EB, Clares-Naveros B. Clotrimazole multiple W/O/W emulsion as anticandidal agent: Characterization and evaluation on skin and mucosae. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 175:166-174. [PMID: 30530002 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Clotrimazole (CLT) was formulated in a multiple W/O/W emulsion (ME) with the aim of evaluating its potential as topical anticandidal agent and comparing with marketed products. A previously evaluated CLT-ME was selected and physicochemically characterized. The in vitro release behavior and the ex vivo permeation profiles were assessed using Franz diffusion cells using three different types of biological membranes: human skin and porcine buccal, sublingual and vaginal mucosae. The antifungal activity against Candida strains was also tested. Results showed CLT-MEs sizes of 29.206 and 47.678 μm with skin compatible pH values of 6.47 and 6.42 exhibiting high zeta potential values of -55.13 and -55.59 mV with dependence on the pH variation. The physicochemical stability was kept for a period of 180 days of storage at room temperature. CLT-MEs exhibited pseudoplastic behavior with hysteresis areas and viscosities of 286 and 331 mPa⋅s showing higher spreadability properties than commercial counterparts. An improved CLT release pattern was supplied by the ME system following a hyperbolic model. Likewise, ME system gave higher skin permeation flux of CLT than commercial reference. CLT amounts retained in the skin and mucosae were also higher than commercial references, which coupled with the higher antimycotic efficacy make CLT-MEs a great tool for clinical investigation of topical candidiasis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Soriano-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Joaquim Suñer-Carbó
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 27-31 Joan XXIII Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana C Calpena-Campmany
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 27-31 Joan XXIII Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 645 Diagonal Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Bozal-de Febrer
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 27-31 Joan XXIII Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lyda Halbaut-Bellowa
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 27-31 Joan XXIII Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 645 Diagonal Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Boix-Montañés
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 27-31 Joan XXIII Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Clares-Naveros
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 645 Diagonal Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Soft multiple emulsions demonstrating reversible freeze-thawing capacity and enhanced skin permeability of diclofenac sodium. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fokina AA, Chelobanov BP, Fujii M, Stetsenko DA. Delivery of therapeutic RNA-cleaving oligodeoxyribonucleotides (deoxyribozymes): from cell culture studies to clinical trials. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:1077-1089. [PMID: 27892730 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1266326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Development of efficient in vivo delivery systems remains a major challenge en route to clinical application of antisense technology, including RNA-cleaving molecules such as deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes). The mechanisms of oligonucleotide uptake and trafficking are clearly dependent on cell type and the type of oligonucleotide analogue. It appears likely that each particular disease target would pose its own specific requirements for a delivery method. Areas covered. In this review we will discuss the available options for DNAzyme delivery in vitro and in vivo, outline various exogenous and endogenous strategies that have been, or are still being, developed and ascertain their applicability with emphasis on those methods that are currently being used in clinical trials. Expert opinion. The available information suggests that a practical system for in vivo delivery has to be biodegradable, as to minimize concerns over long-term toxicity, it should not accumulate in the organism. Extracellular vesicles may offer the most organic way for drug delivery especially as they can be fused with artificial liposomes to produce hybrid nanoparticles. Chemical modification of DNAzymes holds great potential to apply oligonucleotide analogs that would not only be resistant to nuclease digestion, but also able to penetrate cells without external delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesya A Fokina
- a Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine , Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Boris P Chelobanov
- a Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine , Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Masayuki Fujii
- b Department of Biological & Environmental Chemistry , Kindai University , Iizuka, Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Dmitry A Stetsenko
- a Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine , Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
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Marquardt K, Eicher AC, Dobler D, Höfer F, Schmidts T, Schäfer J, Renz H, Runkel F. Degradation and protection of DNAzymes on human skin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 107:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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The molecular assembly of the ionic liquid/aliphatic carboxylic acid/aliphatic amine as effective and safety transdermal permeation enhancers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 86:75-83. [PMID: 26965004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In spite of numerous advantages, transdermal drug delivery systems are unfeasible for most drugs because of the barrier effect of the stratum corneum. Ionic liquids were recently used to enhance transdermal drug delivery by improving drug solubility. In the present study, safe and effective ionic liquids for transdermal absorption were obtained as salts generated by a neutralization reaction between highly biocompatible aliphatic carboxylic acids (octanoic acid or isostearic acid) and aliphatic amines (diisopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine) (Medrx Co., Ltd., 2009). The mechanism of skin permeability enhancement by ionic liquids was investigated by hydrophilic phenol red and hydrophobic tulobuterol. Further, the skin permeation enhancing effect was remarkably superior in the acid excess state rather than the neutralization state. Infrared absorption spectrum analysis confirmed that ionic liquids/aliphatic carboxylic acid/aliphatic amine are coexisting at all mixing states. In the acid excess state, ionic liquids interact with aliphatic carboxylic acids via hydrogen bonds. Thus, the skin permeation enhancing effect is not caused by the ionic liquid alone. The "liquid salt mixture," referred to as a complex of ingredients coexisting with ionic liquids, forms a molecular assembly incorporating hydrophilic drug. This molecular assembly was considered an effective and safety enhancer of transdermal drug permeation.
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12
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Development of a protective dermal drug delivery system for therapeutic DNAzymes. Int J Pharm 2015; 479:150-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Schlupp P, Weber M, Schmidts T, Geiger K, Runkel F. Development and validation of an alternative disturbed skin model by mechanical abrasion to study drug penetration. RESULTS IN PHARMA SCIENCES 2014; 4:26-33. [PMID: 25756004 PMCID: PMC4348514 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinphs.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics for dermal application are usually tested on healthy skin, although the primary permeation barrier, the stratum corneum, is often impaired by skin diseases or small skin lesions, especially on the hands. These skin conditions can considerably influence the permeation of chemicals and drugs. Furthermore, risk assessment for example of nanoparticles should be performed under various skin conditions to reflect the true circumstances. Therefore, an alternative and reproducible method for a high throughput of skin samples with impaired skin barrier was developed and verified by skin permeation studies (25 h) of caffeine, sorbic acid and testosterone compared to healthy (untreated) and tape-stripped skin. Skin barrier disruption was controlled by TEWL measurement. Skin permeation of the three substances was increased in tape-stripped and abraded skin compared to untreated skin due to the reduced barrier integrity. Enhancement of drug uptake was highest for the most hydrophilic substance, caffeine, followed by sorbic acid and lipophilic testosterone. No significant difference in drug uptake studies was observed between the new abrasion method with an aluminum-coated sponge and the tape-stripping method. The obtained results demonstrate that this abrasion method is an alternative way to achieve a disturbed skin barrier for drug and chemical uptake studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schlupp
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Weber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - T Schmidts
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - K Geiger
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - F Runkel
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
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Abdel-Mottaleb MMA, Try C, Pellequer Y, Lamprecht A. Nanomedicine strategies for targeting skin inflammation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:1727-43. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical treatment of skin diseases is an attractive strategy as it receives high acceptance from patients, resulting in higher compliance and therapeutic outcomes. Recently, the use of variable nanocarriers for dermal application has been widely explored, as they offer several advantages compared with conventional topical preparations, including higher skin penetration, controlled and targeted drug delivery and the achievement of higher therapeutic effects. This article will focus on skin inflammation or dermatitis as it is one of the most common skin problems, describing the different types and causes of dermatitis, as well as the typical treatment regimens. The potential use of nanocarriers for targeting skin inflammation and the achievement of higher therapeutic effects using nanotechnology will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona MA Abdel-Mottaleb
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Biopharmaceutics, EA4267, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Department of Pharmaceutics & industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Celine Try
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Biopharmaceutics, EA4267, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Clinical Investigation Center (Inserm CIC 1431), Regional University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Yann Pellequer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Biopharmaceutics, EA4267, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Biopharmaceutics, EA4267, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Advanced progress of microencapsulation technologies: In vivo and in vitro models for studying oral and transdermal drug deliveries. J Control Release 2014; 178:25-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hoppel M, Mahrhauser D, Stallinger C, Wagner F, Wirth M, Valenta C. Natural polymer-stabilized multiple water-in-oil-in-water emulsions: a novel dermal drug delivery system for 5-fluorouracil. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:658-67. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to create multiple water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions with an increased long-term stability as skin delivery systems for the hydrophilic model drug 5-fluorouracil.
Methods
Multiple W/O/W emulsions were prepared in a one-step emulsification process, and were characterized regarding particle size, microstructure and viscosity. In-vitro studies on porcine skin with Franz-type diffusion cells, tape stripping experiments and attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were performed.
Key findings
The addition of Solagum AX, a natural polymer mixture of acacia and xanthan gum, led to multiple W/O/W emulsions with a remarkably increased long-term stability in comparison to formulations without a thickener. The higher skin diffusion of 5-fluorouracil from the multiple emulsions compared with an O/W-macroemulsion could be explained by ATR-FTIR. Shifts to higher wave numbers and increase of peak areas of the asymmetric and symmetric CH2 stretching vibrations confirmed a transition of parts of the skin lipids from an ordered to a disordered state after impregnation of porcine skin with the multiple emulsions.
Conclusions
Solagum AX is highly suitable for stabilization of the created multiple emulsions. Moreover, these formulations showed superiority over a simple O/W-macroemulsion regarding skin permeation and penetration of 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hoppel
- Research Platform ‘Characterisation of Drug Delivery Systems on Skin and Investigations of Involved Mechanisms’, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Mahrhauser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Stallinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wirth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Valenta
- Research Platform ‘Characterisation of Drug Delivery Systems on Skin and Investigations of Involved Mechanisms’, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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