1
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Sheikhi M, Nemayandeh N, Shirangi M. Peptide Acylation in Aliphatic Polyesters: a Review of Mechanisms and Inhibition Strategies. Pharm Res 2024; 41:765-778. [PMID: 38504074 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable polyesters are widely employed in the development of controlled release systems for peptide drugs. However, one of the challenges in developing a polyester-based delivery system for peptides is the acylation reaction between peptides and polymers. Peptide acylation is an important factor that affects formulation stability and can occur during storage, in vitro release, and after drug administration. This review focuses on the mechanisms and parameters that influence the rate of peptide acylation within polyesters. Furthermore, it discusses reported strategies to minimize the acylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Sheikhi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Nemayandeh
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Shirangi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Dauer K, Kayser K, Ellwanger F, Overbeck A, Kwade A, Karbstein HP, Wagner KG. Highly protein-loaded melt extrudates produced by small-scale ram and twin-screw extrusion - evaluation of extrusion process design on protein stability by experimental and numerical approaches. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100196. [PMID: 37448986 PMCID: PMC10336796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of generation, extent and location of thermomechanical stress in small-scale (< 3 g) ram and twin-screw melt-extrusion is crucial for mechanistic correlations to the stability of protein particles (lysozyme and BSA) in PEG-matrices. The aim of the study was to apply and correlate experimental and numerical approaches (1D and 3D) for the evaluation of extrusion process design on protein stability. The simulation of thermomechanical stress during extrusion raised the expectation of protein degradation and protein particle grinding during extrusion, especially when TSE was used. This was confirmed by experimental data on protein stability. Ram extrusion had the lowest impact on protein unfolding temperatures, whereas TSE showed significantly reduced unfolding temperatures, especially in combination with kneading elements containing screws. In TSE, the mechanical stress in the screws always exceeded the shear stress in the die, while mechanical stress within ram extrusion was generated in the die, only. As both extruder designs revealed homogeneously distributed protein particles over the cross section of the extrudates for all protein-loads (20-60%), the dispersive power of TSE revealed not to be decisive. Consequently, the ram extruder would be favored for the production of stable protein-loaded extrudates in small scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dauer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin Kayser
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Ellwanger
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Food Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Achim Overbeck
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT) and Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arno Kwade
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT) and Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heike P. Karbstein
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Food Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karl G. Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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3
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Lefol L, Bawuah P, Zeitler J, Verin J, Danede F, Willart J, Siepmann F, Siepmann J. Drug release from PLGA microparticles can be slowed down by a surrounding hydrogel. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100220. [PMID: 38146325 PMCID: PMC10749250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and better understand the potential impact that a layer of surrounding hydrogel (mimicking living tissue) can have on the drug release from PLGA microparticles. Ibuprofen-loaded microparticles were prepared with an emulsion solvent extraction/evaporation method. The drug loading was about 48%. The surface of the microparticles appeared initially smooth and non-porous. In contrast, the internal microstructure of the particles exhibited a continuous network of tiny pores. Ibuprofen release from single microparticles was measured into agarose gels and well-agitated phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and X-ray μCT imaging were used to characterize the microparticles before and after exposure to the release media. Importantly, ibuprofen release was much slower in the presence of a surrounding agarose gel, e.g., the complete release took two weeks vs. a few days in well agitated phosphate buffer. This can probably be attributed to the fact that the hydrogel sterically hinders substantial system swelling and, thus, slows down the related increase in drug mobility. In addition, in this particular case, the convective flow in agitated bulk fluid likely damages the thin PLGA layer at the microparticles' surface, giving the outer aqueous phase more rapid access to the inner continuous pore network: Upon contact with water, the drug dissolves and rapidly diffuses out through a continuous network of water-filled channels. Without direct surface access, most of the drug "has to wait" for the onset of substantial system swelling to be released.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.A. Lefol
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, Lille F-59000, France
| | - P. Bawuah
- Univ. Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - J.A. Zeitler
- Univ. Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - J. Verin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, Lille F-59000, France
| | - F. Danede
- Univ. Lille, USTL UMET UMR CNRS 8207, Villeneuve d'Ascq F-59650, France
| | - J.F. Willart
- Univ. Lille, USTL UMET UMR CNRS 8207, Villeneuve d'Ascq F-59650, France
| | - F. Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, Lille F-59000, France
| | - J. Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, Lille F-59000, France
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4
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Shi M, McHugh KJ. Strategies for overcoming protein and peptide instability in biodegradable drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114904. [PMID: 37263542 PMCID: PMC10526705 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The global pharmaceutical market has recently shifted its focus from small molecule drugs to peptide, protein, and nucleic acid drugs, which now comprise a majority of the top-selling pharmaceutical products on the market. Although these biologics often offer improved drug specificity, new mechanisms of action, and/or enhanced efficacy, they also present new challenges, including an increased potential for degradation and a need for frequent administration via more invasive administration routes, which can limit patient access, patient adherence, and ultimately the clinical impact of these drugs. Controlled-release systems have the potential to mitigate these challenges by offering superior control over in vivo drug levels, localizing these drugs to tissues of interest (e.g., tumors), and reducing administration frequency. Unfortunately, adapting controlled-release devices to release biologics has proven difficult due to the poor stability of biologics. In this review, we summarize the current state of controlled-release peptides and proteins, discuss existing techniques used to stabilize these drugs through encapsulation, storage, and in vivo release, and provide perspective on the most promising opportunities for the clinical translation of controlled-release peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miusi Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Bashir S, Fitaihi R, Abdelhakim HE. Advances in formulation and manufacturing strategies for the delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides in orally disintegrating dosage forms. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 182:106374. [PMID: 36623699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins and peptides (TPPs) are increasingly favoured above small drug molecules due to their high specificity to the site of action and reduced adverse effects resulting in increased use of these agents for medical treatments and therapies. Consequently, there is a need to formulate TPPs in dosage forms that are accessible and suitable for a wide range of patient groups as the use of TPPs becomes increasingly prevalent in healthcare settings worldwide. Orally disintegrating dosage forms (ODDF) are formulations that can ensure easy-to-administer medication to a wider patient population including paediatrics, geriatrics and people in low-resource countries. There are many challenges involved in developing suitable pharmaceutical strategies to protect TPPs during formulation and manufacturing, as well as storage, and maintenance of a cold-chain during transportation. This review will discuss advances being made in the research and development of pharmaceutical and manufacturing strategies used to incorporate various TPPs into ODDF systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Bashir
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Rawan Fitaihi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Hend E Abdelhakim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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6
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Dauer K, Werner C, Lindenblatt D, Wagner KG. Impact of process stress on protein stability in highly-loaded solid protein/PEG formulations from small-scale melt extrusion. Int J Pharm X 2022; 5:100154. [PMID: 36632069 PMCID: PMC9826855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As protein-based therapeutics often exhibit a limited stability in liquid formulations, there is a growing interest in the development of solid protein formulations due to improved protein stability in the solid state. We used small-scale (<3 g) ram and twin-screw extrusion for the solid stabilization of proteins (Lysozyme, BSA, and human insulin) in PEG-matrices. Protein stability after extrusion was systematically investigated using ss-DSC, ss-FTIR, CD spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, SEC, RP-HPLC, and in case of Lysozyme an activity assay. The applied analytical methods offered an accurate assessment of protein stability in extrudates, enabling the comparison of different melt extrusion formulations and process parameters (e.g., shear stress levels, screw configurations, residence times). Lysozyme was implemented as a model protein and was completely recovered in its active form after extrusion. Differences seen between Lysozyme- and BSA- or human insulin-loaded extrudates indicated that melt extrusion could have an impact on the conformational stability. In particular, BSA and human insulin were more susceptible to heat exposure and shear stress compared to Lysozyme, where shear stress was the dominant parameter. Consequently, ram extrusion led to less conformational changes compared to TSE. Ram extrusion showed good protein particle distribution resulting in the preferred method to prepare highly-loaded solid protein formulations.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- BSE, backscattered electron
- CD, circular dichroism
- DSC, Differential Scanning Calorimetry
- EDX, energy-dispersive X-ray detector
- EVA, Ethylene-vinyl acetate
- FTIR, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy
- HME, hot-melt extrusion
- HMWS, high molecular weight species
- Hot-melt extrusion
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PEO, polyethylene oxide
- PLGA, Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid
- Protein stability
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- Small-scale
- Solid-state characterization
- TSE, twin-screw extrusion
- ss, solid-state
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dauer
- University of Bonn, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Werner
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindenblatt
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl Gerhard Wagner
- University of Bonn, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Bonn, Germany
- Corresponding author at: University of Bonn, Department of Pharmaceutics, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Bassand C, Benabed L, Verin J, Danede F, Lefol L, Willart J, Siepmann F, Siepmann J. Hot melt extruded PLGA implants loaded with ibuprofen: How heat exposure alters the physical drug state. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Development of mAb-loaded 3D-printed (FDM) implantable devices based on PLGA. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120337. [PMID: 33549812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to explore the feasibility to print monoclonal antibody (mAb)-loaded implantable systems using fused-deposition modelling (FDM) to build complex dosage form designs. Indeed, to our knowledge, this work is the first investigation of mAb-loaded devices using FDM. To make this possible, different steps were developed and optimized. A mAb solution was stabilized using trehalose (TRE), sucrose (SUC), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), sorbitol or inulin (INU) in order to be spray dried (SD). Printable filaments were then made of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and mAb powder (15% w/w) using hot melt extrusion (HME). The FDM process was optimized to print these filaments without altering the mAb stability. TRE was selected and associated to L-leucine (LEU) to increase the mAb stability. The stability was then evaluated considering high and low molecular weight species levels. The mAb-based devices were well-stabilized with the selected excipients during both the HME and the FDM processes. The 3D-printed devices showed sustained-release profiles with a low burst effect. The mAb-binding capacity was preserved up to 70% following the whole fabrication process. These promising results demonstrate that FDM could be used to produce mAb-loaded devices with good stability, affinity and sustained-release profiles of the mAb.
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9
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Zheng Y, Pokorski JK. Hot melt extrusion: An emerging manufacturing method for slow and sustained protein delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1712. [PMID: 33691347 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the biopharmaceutical industry, an increasing number of new therapeutic protein products (TPPs) have been approved by the FDA and many others are under pre-clinical and clinical evaluation. A major limitation of biopharmaceuticals is their limited half-life when administered systemically. A one-time, implantable, sustained protein delivery device would be advantageous in order to improve the quality of life of patients. Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a mature technology that has been extensively used for a broad spectrum of applications in the polymer and pharmaceutical industry and has achieved success as evidenced by a variety of FDA-approved commercial products. These commercial products are mostly for sustained delivery of small molecule therapeutics, leaving a significant gap for HME formulation of therapeutic proteins. With the increasing need of sustained TPP delivery, HME shows promise as a downstream processing method due to its high efficiency and economic value. Several challenges remain for the application of HME in protein delivery. Progress of HME for protein delivery, challenges encountered, and potential solutions will be detailed in this review article. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of NanoEngineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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10
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Characterization of ternary amorphous solid dispersion containing hypromellose phthalate and erythritol prepared by hot melt extrusion using melting point depression. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang C, Yang L, Wan F, Bera H, Cun D, Rantanen J, Yang M. Quality by design thinking in the development of long-acting injectable PLGA/PLA-based microspheres for peptide and protein drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119441. [PMID: 32442645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adopting the Quality by Design (QbD) approach in the drug development process has transformed from "nice-to-do" into a crucial and required part of the development, ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical products throughout their whole life cycles. This review is discussing the implementation of the QbD thinking into the production of long-acting injectable (LAI) PLGA/PLA-based microspheres for the therapeutic peptide and protein drug delivery. Various key elements of the QbD approaches are initially elaborated using Bydureon®, a commercial product of LAI PLGA/PLA-based microspheres, as a classical example. Subsequently, the factors influencing the release patterns and the stability of the peptide and protein drugs are discussed. This is followed by a summary of the state-of-the-art of manufacturing LAI PLGA/PLA-based microspheres and the related critical process parameters (CPPs). Finally, a landscape of generic product development of LAI PLGA/PLA-based microspheres is reviewed including some major challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Yang
- CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology (Shijiazhuang) Company, Ltd, Huanghe Road 226, 050035 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hriday Bera
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Mohtashami Z, Esmaili Z, Vakilinezhad MA, Seyedjafari E, Akbari Javar H. Pharmaceutical implants: classification, limitations and therapeutic applications. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:116-132. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1682607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohtashami
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Esmaili
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Beugeling M, Amssoms K, Cox F, De Clerck B, Van Gulck E, Verwoerd JA, Kraus G, Roymans D, Baert L, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Development of a Stable Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pre-Fusion Protein Powder Suitable for a Core-Shell Implant with a Delayed Release in Mice: A Proof of Concept Study. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100510. [PMID: 31623333 PMCID: PMC6835792 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is an increasing interest to apply pre-fusion (pre-F) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as antigen for the development of a subunit vaccine. A pre-F-containing powder would increase the flexibility regarding the route of administration. For instance, a pre-F-containing powder could be incorporated into a single-injection system releasing a primer, and after a lag time, a booster. The most challenging aspect, obtaining the booster after a lag time, may be achieved by incorporating the powder into a core encapsulated by a nonporous poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) shell. We intended to develop a stable freeze-dried pre-F-containing powder. Furthermore, we investigated whether incorporation of this powder into the core-shell implant was feasible and whether this system would induce a delayed RSV virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) response in mice. The developed pre-F-containing powder, consisting of pre-F in a matrix of inulin, HEPES, sodium chloride, and Tween 80, was stable during freeze-drying and storage for at least 28 days at 60 °C. Incorporation of this powder into the core-shell implant was feasible and the core-shell production process did not affect the stability of pre-F. An in vitro release study showed that pre-F was incompletely released from the core-shell implant after a lag time of 4 weeks. The incomplete release may be the result of pre-F instability within the core-shell implant during the lag time and requires further research. Mice subcutaneously immunized with a pre-F-containing core-shell implant showed a delayed RSV VNA response that corresponded with pre-F release from the core-shell implant after a lag time of approximately 4 weeks. Moreover, pre-F-containing core-shell implants were able to boost RSV VNA titers of primed mice after a lag time of 4 weeks. These findings could contribute to the development of a single-injection pre-F-based vaccine containing a primer and a booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Beugeling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Katie Amssoms
- Drug Product Development_Developability, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Freek Cox
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben De Clerck
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Ellen Van Gulck
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen A Verwoerd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Guenter Kraus
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Dirk Roymans
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Baert
- Jalima Pharma bvba, Jozef Van Walleghemstraat 11, 8200 Brugge, Belgium.
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Bode C, Kranz H, Siepmann F, Siepmann J. Coloring of PLGA implants to better understand the underlying drug release mechanisms. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Most of published reviews of twin-screw extrusion focused on its application for enhancing the bioavailability of amorphous solid dispersions while few of them focused on its use for manufacturing sustained-release oral dosage forms and medical implants, despite the considerable interest and success this process has garnered both in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry. Compared to conventional batch processing, twin-screw extrusion offers the advantages of continuous processing and the ability to prepare oral dosage forms and medical implants that have unique physicochemical and drug release attributes. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the formulation composition and processing conditions of twin-screw extrusion and how these factors affect the drug release properties of sustained-release dosage forms. This review also illustrates the unique advantages of this process by presenting case studies of a wide variety of commercial sustained-release products manufactured using twin-screw extrusion.
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16
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Xing H, Yaylayan V. Mechanochemically Induced Controlled Glycation of Lysozyme and Its Effect on Enzymatic Activity and Conformational Changes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3249-3255. [PMID: 30811194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycation through heating of a mixture of protein and reducing sugars is one of the most commonly used methods of protein modification; however, in most cases, this approach can lead to uncontrolled glycation. The hypothesis that mechanical energy supplied through ball milling can induce glycation of proteins was tested using a well-characterized enzyme lysozyme. The Q-TOF/MS analysis of the milled samples has indicated that the milling of sugar-protein mixtures in stainless steel jars for 30 min and at a frequency of 30 Hz generated mainly monoglycated proteins even with the highly reactive ribose. Increasing the sugar concentration or the milling time did not influence the overall yield or generate more glycoforms. Enzymatic activity measurements, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopic studies have indicated that milling of lysozyme alone leads to a significant loss in enzymatic activity and structural integrity in contrast to milling in the presence of sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xing
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry , McGill University , 21111 Lakeshore , Ste Anne de Bellevue , Quebec Canada , H9X 3 V9
| | - Varoujan Yaylayan
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry , McGill University , 21111 Lakeshore , Ste Anne de Bellevue , Quebec Canada , H9X 3 V9
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Asikainen S, van Bochove B, Seppälä JV. Drug-releasing biopolymeric structures manufactured via stereolithography. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaf0e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Beugeling M, Grasmeijer N, Born PA, van der Meulen M, van der Kooij RS, Schwengle K, Baert L, Amssoms K, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. The mechanism behind the biphasic pulsatile drug release from physically mixed poly(dl-lactic(-co-glycolic) acid)-based compacts. Int J Pharm 2018; 551:195-202. [PMID: 30223077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Successful immunization often requires a primer, and after a certain lag time, a booster administration of the antigen. To improve the vaccinees' comfort and compliance, a single-injection vaccine formulation with a biphasic pulsatile release would be preferable. Previous work has shown that such a release profile can be obtained with compacts prepared from physical mixtures of various poly(dl-lactic(-co-glycolic) acid) types (Murakami et al., 2000). However, the mechanism behind this release profile is not fully understood. In the present study, the mechanism that leads to this biphasic pulsatile release was investigated by studying the effect of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, the temperature of compaction, the compression force, the temperature of the release medium, and the molecular weight of the incorporated drug on the release behavior. Compaction resulted in a porous compact. Once immersed into release medium with a temperature above the Tg of the polymer, the drug was released by diffusion through the pores. Simultaneously, the polymer underwent a transition from the glassy state into the rubbery state. The pores were gradually closed by viscous flow of the polymer and further release was inhibited. After a certain period of time, the polymer matrix ruptured, possibly due to a build-up in osmotic pressure, resulting in a pulsatile release of the remaining amount of drug. The compression force and the molecular weight of the incorporated drug did not influence the release profile. Understanding this mechanism could contribute to further develop single-injection vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Beugeling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Grasmeijer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Philip A Born
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Merel van der Meulen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renée S van der Kooij
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin Schwengle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lieven Baert
- Jalima Pharma bvba, Jozef Van Walleghemstraat 11, 8200 Brugge, Belgium
| | - Katie Amssoms
- Infectious Diseases & Vaccines Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Lee PW, Pokorski JK. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) devices: Production and applications for sustained protein delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 10:e1516. [PMID: 29536634 PMCID: PMC6136991 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Injectable or implantable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) devices for the sustained delivery of proteins have been widely studied and utilized to overcome the necessity of repeated administrations for therapeutic proteins due to poor pharmacokinetic profiles of macromolecular therapies. These devices can come in the form of microparticles, implants, or patches depending on the disease state and route of administration. Furthermore, the release rate can be tuned from weeks to months by controlling the polymer composition, geometry of the device, or introducing additives during device fabrication. Slow-release devices have become a very powerful tool for modern medicine. Production of these devices has initially focused on emulsion-based methods, relying on phase separation to encapsulate proteins within polymeric microparticles. Process parameters and the effect of additives have been thoroughly researched to ensure protein stability during device manufacturing and to control the release profile. Continuous fluidic production methods have also been utilized to create protein-laden PLGA devices through spray drying and electrospray production. Thermal processing of PLGA with solid proteins is an emerging production method that allows for continuous, high-throughput manufacturing of PLGA/protein devices. Overall, polymeric materials for protein delivery remain an emerging field of research for the creation of single administration treatments for a wide variety of disease. This review describes, in detail, methods to make PLGA devices, comparing traditional emulsion-based methods to emerging methods to fabricate protein-laden devices. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker W. Lee
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Mlalila N, Hilonga A, Swai H, Devlieghere F, Ragaert P. Antimicrobial packaging based on starch, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(lactic-co-glycolide) materials and application challenges. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Duque L, Körber M, Bodmeier R. Improving release completeness from PLGA-based implants for the acid-labile model protein ovalbumin. Int J Pharm 2018; 538:139-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Duque L, Körber M, Bodmeier R. Impact of change of matrix crystallinity and polymorphism on ovalbumin release from lipid-based implants. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 117:128-137. [PMID: 29452211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to prepare lipid-based implants by hot melt extrusion (HME) for the prolonged release of ovalbumin (OVA), and to relate protein release to crystallinity and polymorphic changes of the lipid matrix. Two lipids, glycerol tristearate and hydrogenated palm oil, with different composition and degree of crystallinity were studied. Solid OVA was dispersed within the lipid matrixes, which preserved its stability during extrusion. This was partially attributed to a protective effect of the lipidic matrix. The incorporation of OVA decreased the mechanical strength of the implants prepared with the more crystalline matrix, glycerol tristearate, whereas it remained comparable for the hydrogenated palm oil because of stronger physical and non-covalent interactions between the protein and this lipid. This was also the reason for the faster release of OVA from the glycerol tristearate matrix when compared to the hydrogenated palm oil (8 vs. 28 weeks). Curing induced and increased crystallinity, and changes in the release rate, especially for the more crystalline matrix. In this case, both an increase and a decrease in release, were observed depending on the tempering condition. Curing at higher temperatures induced a melt-mediated crystallization and solid state transformation of the glycerol tristearate matrix and led to rearrangements of the inner structure with the formation of larger pores, which accelerated the release. In contrast, changes in the hydrogenated palm oil under the same curing conditions were less noticeable leading to a more robust formulation, because of less polymorphic changes over time. This study helps to understand the effect of lipid matrix composition and crystallinity degree on the performance of protein-loaded implants, and to establish criteria for the selection of a lipid carrier depending on the release profile desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Duque
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstrasse 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Körber
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstrasse 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany; Pensatech Pharma GmbH, Kelchstrasse 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Bodmeier
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstrasse 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany.
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Lee PW, Shukla S, Wallat JD, Danda C, Steinmetz NF, Maia J, Pokorski JK. Biodegradable Viral Nanoparticle/Polymer Implants Prepared via Melt-Processing. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8777-8789. [PMID: 28902491 PMCID: PMC5765982 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles have been utilized as a platform for vaccine development and are a versatile system for the display of antigenic epitopes for a variety of disease states. However, the induction of a clinically relevant immune response often requires multiple injections over an extended period of time, limiting patient compliance. Polymeric systems to deliver proteinaceous materials have been extensively researched to provide sustained release, which would limit administration to a single dose. Melt-processing is an emerging manufacturing method that has been utilized to create polymeric materials laden with proteins as an alternative to typical solvent-based production methods. Melt-processing is advantageous because it is continuous, solvent-free, and 100% of the therapeutic protein is encapsulated. In this study, we utilized melt-encapsulation to fabricate viral nanoparticle laden polymeric materials that effectively deliver intact particles and generate carrier specific antibodies in vivo. The effects of initial processing and postprocessing on particle integrity and aggregation were studied to develop processing windows for scale-up and the creation of more complex materials. The dispersion of particles within the PLGA matrix was studied, and the effect of additives and loading level on the release profile was determined. Overall, melt-encapsulation was found to be an effective method to produce composite materials that can deliver viral nanoparticles over an extended period and elicit an immune response comparable to typical administration schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker W. Lee
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jaqueline D. Wallat
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Chaitanya Danda
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- School of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Joao Maia
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Lee PW, Maia J, Pokorski JK. Milling solid proteins to enhance activity after melt-encapsulation. Int J Pharm 2017; 533:254-265. [PMID: 28939464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric systems for the immobilization and delivery of proteins have been extensively used for therapeutic and catalytic applications. While most devices have been created via solution based methods, hot melt extrusion (HME) has emerged as an alternative due to the high encapsulation efficiencies and solvent-free nature of the process. HME requires high temperatures and mechanical stresses that can result in protein aggregation and denaturation, but additives and chemical modifications have been explored to mitigate these effects. This study explores the use of solid-state ball milling to decrease protein particle size before encapsulation within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) via HME. The impact of milling on particle dispersion, retained enzymatic activity, secondary structure stability, and release was explored for lysozyme, glucose oxidase, and the virus-like particle derived from Qβ to fully understand the impact of milling on protein systems with different sizes and complexities. The results of this study describe the utility of milling to further increase the stability of protein/polymer systems prepared via HME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker W Lee
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Case School of Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - João Maia
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Case School of Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Case School of Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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25
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Cossé A, König C, Lamprecht A, Wagner KG. Hot Melt Extrusion for Sustained Protein Release: Matrix Erosion and In Vitro Release of PLGA-Based Implants. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:15-26. [PMID: 27193002 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of biodegradable implants for sustained release of proteins is a complex challenge optimizing protein polymer interaction in combination with a mini-scale process which is predictive for production. The process of hot melt extrusion (HME) was therefore conducted on 5- and 9-mm mini-scale twin screw extruders. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants were characterized for their erosion properties and the in vitro release of the embedded protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA). The release of acidic monomers as well as other parameters (pH value, mass loss) during 16 weeks indicated a delayed onset of matrix erosion in week 3. BSA-loaded implants released 17.0% glycolic and 5.9% lactic acid after a 2-week lag time. Following a low burst release (3.7% BSA), sustained protein release started in week 4. Storage under stress conditions (30°C, 75% rH) revealed a shift of erosion onset of 1 week (BSA-loaded implants: 26.9% glycolic and 9.3% lactic acid). Coherent with the changed erosion profiles, an influence on the protein release was observed. Confocal laser scanning and Raman microscopy showed a homogenous protein distribution throughout the matrix after extrusion and during release studies. Raman spectra indicated a conformational change of the protein structure which could be one reason for incomplete protein release. The study underlined the suitability of the HME process to obtain a solid dispersion of protein inside a polymeric matrix providing sustained protein release. However, the incomplete protein release and the impact by storage conditions require thorough characterization and understanding of erosion and release mechanisms.
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26
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Acylation of arginine in goserelin-loaded PLGA microspheres. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 99:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Patil H, Tiwari RV, Repka MA. Hot-Melt Extrusion: from Theory to Application in Pharmaceutical Formulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:20-42. [PMID: 26159653 PMCID: PMC4766118 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is a promising technology for the production of new chemical entities in the developmental pipeline and for improving products already on the market. In drug discovery and development, industry estimates that more than 50% of active pharmaceutical ingredients currently used belong to the biopharmaceutical classification system II (BCS class II), which are characterized as poorly water-soluble compounds and result in formulations with low bioavailability. Therefore, there is a critical need for the pharmaceutical industry to develop formulations that will enhance the solubility and ultimately the bioavailability of these compounds. HME technology also offers an opportunity to earn intellectual property, which is evident from an increasing number of patents and publications that have included it as a novel pharmaceutical formulation technology over the past decades. This review had a threefold objective. First, it sought to provide an overview of HME principles and present detailed engineered extrusion equipment designs. Second, it included a number of published reports on the application of HME techniques that covered the fields of solid dispersions, microencapsulation, taste masking, targeted drug delivery systems, sustained release, films, nanotechnology, floating drug delivery systems, implants, and continuous manufacturing using the wet granulation process. Lastly, this review discussed the importance of using the quality by design approach in drug development, evaluated the process analytical technology used in pharmaceutical HME monitoring and control, discussed techniques used in HME, and emphasized the potential for monitoring and controlling hot-melt technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Roshan V Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
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Goole J, Amighi K. 3D printing in pharmaceutics: A new tool for designing customized drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2016; 499:376-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Extended release microparticle-in-gel formulation of octreotide: Effect of polymer type on acylation of peptide during in vitro release. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:676-88. [PMID: 26561725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric microparticles (MPs)-in-gel formulations for extended delivery of octreotide were developed. We investigated influence of polymer composition on acylation of octreotide and kinetics of release during in vitro release from biodegradable polymeric formulations. Polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) based triblock (TB≈PCL10k-PEG2k-PCL10k) and pentablock (PBA≈PLA3k-PCL7k-PEG2k-PCL7k-PLA3k and PBB≈PGA3k-PCL7k-PEG2k-PCL7k-PGA3k) polymers were investigated. Octreotide was encapsulated in MPs using methanol-oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation method. The particles were characterized for size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading and in vitro release. Release samples were subjected to HPLC analysis for quantitation and HPLC-MS analysis for identification of native and chemically modified octreotide adducts. Entrapment efficiency of methanol-oil/water method with TB, PBA and PBB polymers were 45%, 60%, and 82%, respectively. A significant fraction of released octreotide was acylated from lactide and glycolide based PBA (53%) and PBB (92%) polymers. Substantial amount of peptide was not released from PBB polymers after 330 days of incubation. Complete release of octreotide was achieved from TB polymer over a period of 3 months with minimal acylation of peptide (13%). PCL based polymers resulted in minimal acylation of peptide and hence may be suitable for extended peptide and protein delivery. Conversely, polymers having PLA and PGA blocks may not be appropriate for peptide delivery due to acylation and incomplete release.
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30
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Lee P, Towslee J, Maia J, Pokorski J. PEGylation to Improve Protein Stability During Melt Processing. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1332-7. [PMID: 26097064 PMCID: PMC4615555 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals are some of the most effective drugs on the market, however, delivery remains a challenge. Melt processing is a viable protein encapsulation method because it is solvent free, is high throughput, and yields very high encapsulation efficiencies. Problematically, proteins can lose activity during melt processing due to high heat and shear forces. Covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol), or PEGylation, has been widely used to increase thermal stability and prevent aggregation in solution. This study explored the effect of PEGylation on protein stability during melt processing using lysozyme and PLGA. The results indicate that PEGylation increases the retained activity of lysozyme, increases dispersion in the melt, and reduces the biphasic release profile in melt processed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker Lee
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Jenna Towslee
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - João Maia
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan Pokorski
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA.
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31
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Reversible hydrophobic ion-paring complex strategy to minimize acylation of octreotide during long-term delivery from PLGA microparticles. Int J Pharm 2015; 489:237-45. [PMID: 25940041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acylation of peptide has been reported for a number of peptides and proteins during release from polymers comprising of lactide and glycolide. We hypothesize that reversible hydrophobic ion-pairing (HIP) complex may minimize octreotide acylation during release. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dextran sulfate A (DSA, Mw 9-20 kDa) and dextran sulfate B (DSB, Mw 36-50 kDa) were selected as ion-pairing agents to prepare reversible HIP complex with octreotide. Complexation efficiency was optimized with respect to the mole ratio of ion-pairing agent to octreotide to achieve 100% complexation of octreotide. Dissociation studies suggested that DSA-octreotide and DSB-octreotide complexes dissociate completely at physiological pH in presence of counter ions unlike SDS-octreotide complex. DSA-octreotide and DSB-octreotide complex encapsulated PLGA microparticles (DSAMPs and DSBMPs) were prepared using the S/O/W emulsion method. Entrapment efficiencies for DSAMPs and DSBMPs were 74.7±8.4% and 81.7±6.3%, respectively. In vitro release of octreotide was performed by suspending MPs in gel. A large fraction of peptide was released in chemically intact form and <7% was acylated from DSAMPs and DSBMPs in gel over 55 days. Therefore, HIP complexation could be a viable strategy to minimize acylation of peptides and proteins during extended release from lactide and glycolide based polymers.
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Stanković M, Hiemstra C, de Waard H, Zuidema J, Steendam R, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WL. Protein release from water-swellable poly(d,l-lactide-PEG)-b-poly(ϵ-caprolactone) implants. Int J Pharm 2015; 480:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Stanković M, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Polymeric formulations for drug release prepared by hot melt extrusion: application and characterization. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:812-23. [PMID: 25660507 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades hot melt extrusion (HME) has emerged as a powerful processing technology for the production of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms in which an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is dispersed into polymer matrices. It has been shown that formulations using HME can provide time-controlled, sustained and targeted drug delivery, and improved bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In this review, the basic principles of the HME process are described together with an overview of some of the most common biodegradable and nonbiodegradable polymers used for the preparation of different formulations using this method. Further, the applications of HME in drug delivery and analytical techniques employed to characterize HME products are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Stanković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteins are effective biotherapeutics with applications in diverse ailments. Despite being specific and potent, their full clinical potential has not yet been realized. This can be attributed to short half-lives, complex structures, poor in vivo stability, low permeability, frequent parenteral administrations and poor adherence to treatment in chronic diseases. A sustained release system, providing controlled release of proteins, may overcome many of these limitations. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on recent development in approaches, especially polymer-based formulations, which can provide therapeutic levels of proteins over extended periods. Advances in particulate, gel-based formulations and novel approaches for extended protein delivery are discussed. Emphasis is placed on dosage form, method of preparation, mechanism of release and stability of biotherapeutics. EXPERT OPINION Substantial advancements have been made in the field of extended protein delivery via various polymer-based formulations over last decade despite the unique delivery-related challenges posed by protein biologics. A number of injectable sustained-release formulations have reached market. However, therapeutic application of proteins is still hampered by delivery-related issues. A large number of protein molecules are under clinical trials, and hence, there is an urgent need to develop new methods to deliver these highly potent biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Vaishya
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kansas City, MO , USA
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Sandler N, Salmela I, Fallarero A, Rosling A, Khajeheian M, Kolakovic R, Genina N, Nyman J, Vuorela P. Towards fabrication of 3D printed medical devices to prevent biofilm formation. Int J Pharm 2013; 459:62-4. [PMID: 24239831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies is transforming the way that materials are turned into functional devices. We demonstrate in the current study the incorporation of anti-microbial nitrofurantoin in a polymer carrier material and subsequent 3D printing of a model structure, which resulted in an inhibition of biofilm colonization. The approach taken is very promising and can open up new avenues to manufacture functional medical devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Sandler
- Drug-delivery and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Ida Salmela
- Drug-delivery and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Adyary Fallarero
- Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ari Rosling
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Abo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Mohammad Khajeheian
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Abo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Ruzica Kolakovic
- Drug-delivery and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Natalja Genina
- Drug-delivery and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Nyman
- Drug-delivery and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Vuorela
- Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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36
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Ghalanbor Z, Körber M, Bodmeier R. Interdependency of protein-release completeness and polymer degradation in PLGA-based implants. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:624-30. [PMID: 23583495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Release of BSA (model protein) from hot-melt extruded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based implants was incomplete. A residual mass of covalent BSA-PLGA adducts was still present after 6 months. The objective of this study was to increase the completeness of BSA release. BSA reduced the PLGA degradation and erosion rate as well as the extent of erosion. An increased uptake of release medium in the presence of BSA in addition to the early outflux of PLGA oligomers resulted in a reduction of the matrix acidity and thus reduction of autocatalysis effects. PLGA mass loss was incomplete at 60% and 80% for 10% and 25% BSA-containing implants. The extent of PLGA mass loss was correlated with the total releasable protein. The same release was obtained from implants prepared with pre-degraded PLGA suggesting that the induction phase did not affect the release completeness. Thus, the focus was on the erosion phase to enhance outflux of soluble oligomers. BSA release completeness increased by increasing the porosity of the implants at the onset of erosion phase. This could be obtained with a higher initial porosity, formation of porosity upon higher diffusional release and/or incorporation of pore-formers/plasticizers. Accordingly, the BSA release completeness could be improved by enhancing the outflux of soluble PLGA degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghalanbor
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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