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Mansuroglu Y, Dressman J. Factors That Influence Sustained Release from Hot-Melt Extrudates. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1996. [PMID: 37514182 PMCID: PMC10386192 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion is a well-established tool in the pharmaceutical industry, mostly implemented to increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. A less frequent application of this technique is to obtain formulations with extended release. This study investigated the influence of polymer choice, drug loading, milling and hydrodynamics on the release of a model drug, flurbiprofen, from sustained-release hot-melt extrudates with Eudragit polymers. The choice of polymer and degree of particle size reduction of the extrudate by milling were the two key influences on the release profile: the percentage release after 12 h varied from 6% (2 mm threads) to 84% (particle size <125 µm) for Eudragit RL extrudates vs. 4.5 to 62% for the corresponding Eudragit RS extrudates. By contrast, the release profile was largely independent of drug loading and robust to hydrodynamics in the dissolution vessel. Thus, hot-melt extrusion offers the ability to tailor the release of the API to the therapeutic indication through a combination of particle size and polymer choice while providing robustness over a wide range of hydrodynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Mansuroglu
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai.7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai.7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Bhujbal SV, Mitra B, Jain U, Gong Y, Agrawal A, Karki S, Taylor LS, Kumar S, (Tony) Zhou Q. Pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersion: A review of manufacturing strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2505-2536. [PMID: 34522596 PMCID: PMC8424289 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are popular for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Various approaches have been employed to produce ASDs and novel techniques are emerging. This review provides an updated overview of manufacturing techniques for preparing ASDs. As physical stability is a critical quality attribute for ASD, the impact of formulation, equipment, and process variables, together with the downstream processing on physical stability of ASDs have been discussed. Selection strategies are proposed to identify suitable manufacturing methods, which may aid in the development of ASDs with satisfactory physical stability.
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Key Words
- 3DP, three-dimensional printing
- ASDs, amorphous solid dispersions
- ASES, aerosol solvent extraction system
- Amorphous solid dispersions
- CAP, cellulose acetate phthalate
- CO2, carbon dioxide
- CSG, continuous-spray granulation
- Co-precipitation
- Downstream processing
- Drug delivery
- EPAS, evaporative aqueous solution precipitation
- Eudragit®, polymethacrylates derivatives
- FDM, fused deposition modeling
- GAS, gas antisolvent
- HME, hot-melt extrusion
- HPC, hydroxypropyl cellulose
- HPMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- HPMCAS, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate
- HPMCP, hypromellose phthalate
- Manufacturing
- Melting process
- PCA, precipitation with compressed fluid antisolvent
- PGSS, precipitation from gas-saturated solutions
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid
- PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PVPVA, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate
- RESS, rapid expansion of a supercritical solution
- SAS, supercritical antisolvent
- SCFs, supercritical fluids
- SEDS, solution-enhanced dispersion by SCF
- SLS, selective laser sintering
- Selection criteria
- Soluplus®, polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer
- Solvent evaporation
- Stability
- Tg, glass transition temperature
- USC, ultrasound compaction
- scCO2, supercritical CO2
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal V. Bhujbal
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Biplob Mitra
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Uday Jain
- Material Science and Engineering, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Yuchuan Gong
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Anjali Agrawal
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Shyam Karki
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Qi (Tony) Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Simões MF, Pinto RMA, Simões S. Hot-Melt Extrusion: a Roadmap for Product Development. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:184. [PMID: 34142250 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion has found extensive application as a feasible pharmaceutical technological option over recent years. HME applications include solubility enhancement, taste masking, and sustained drug release. As bioavailability enhancement is a hot topic of today's science, one of the main applications of HME is centered on amorphous solid dispersions. This review describes the most significant aspects of HME technology and its use to prepare solid dispersions as a drug formulation strategy to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. It also addresses molecular and thermodynamic features critical for the physicochemical properties of these systems, mainly in what concerns miscibility and physical stability. Moreover, the importance of applying the Quality by Design philosophy in drug development is also discussed, as well as process analytical technologies in pharmaceutical HME monitoring, under the current standards of product development and regulatory guidance. Graphical Abstract.
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Chivate A, Garkal A, Hariharan K, Mehta T. Exploring novel carrier for improving bioavailability of Itraconazole: Solid dispersion through hot-melt extrusion. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Li YL, Ruan QJ, Wang JM, Yang XQ. Fabrication and structural properties of water-dispersible phytosterol using hot melt extrusion. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:2447-2451. [PMID: 33967341 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology was employed to improve water dispersibility of phytosterol (P) using glycerol (G), lecithin (L), and gum arabic (A) as emulsifiers and stabilizers. The structural properties and water dispersibility of HME products were investigated. In contrast to physical mixtures, better water dispersibility and storage stability were observed for HME products, especially P:L:G:A extrudate. These improvements may be mainly associated with decreased crystallinity of phytosterol due to the occurrence of co-crystallization of phytosterol with glycerol during HME process, as confirmed by DSC and XRD data. In addition, HME-induced lecithin-arabic gum reaction products effectively stabilize phytosterol microparticle in aqueous dispersion by providing a steric hindrance. These results suggest that HME could be an effectively and potentially solvent-free technique to produce water-dispersible phytosterol on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lei Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Protein Research and Development Center, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jun Ruan
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Effective Component Testing and Risk Material Rapid Screening of Functional Food, Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou, 510070 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Mei Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Protein Research and Development Center, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Quan Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Protein Research and Development Center, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 People's Republic of China
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Palamidi A, Kapourani A, Christodoulou E, Klonos PA, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN, Barmpalexis P. Low Molecular Weight Oligomers of Poly(alkylene succinate) Polyesters as Plasticizers in Poly(vinyl alcohol) Based Pharmaceutical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13010146. [PMID: 33401411 PMCID: PMC7795009 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasticizing effect of three low molecular weight oligomers of aliphatic poly(alkylene succinate) polyesters, namely poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu), poly(ethylene succinate) (PESu), and poly(propylene succinate) (PPSu), on partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) used in melt-based pharmaceutical applications, was evaluated for the first time. Initially, the three aliphatic polyesters were prepared by the melt polycondensation process and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 1H NMR, intrinsic viscosity, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Subsequently, their effect on the thermophysical and physicochemical properties of PVA was thoroughly evaluated. According to the obtained results, PVA was completely miscible with all three polyesters, while PESu induced PVA’s thermal degradation, with the phenomenon starting from ~220 °C, in contrast to PBSu and PPSu, where a thermal profile similar to PVA was observed. Furthermore, molecular interactions between PVA and the prepared poly(alkylene succinate) polyesters were revealed by DSC, ATR-FTIR, and molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, melt flow index (MFI) measurements showed that, in contrast to PBSu, the use of PESu or PPSu significantly improved PVA’s melt flow properties. Hence, according to findings of the present work, only the use of low molecular weight PPSu is suitable in order to reduce processing temperature of PVA and improve its melt flow properties (plasticizing ability) without affecting its thermal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Palamidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (A.K.); (K.N.K.)
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.C.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Afroditi Kapourani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (A.K.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.C.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Panagiotis A. Klonos
- Department of Physics, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (P.A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Konstantinos N. Kontogiannopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (A.K.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (P.A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.C.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (A.K.); (K.N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997629
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Davis DA, Miller DA, Su Y, Williams RO. Thermally Conductive Excipient Expands KinetiSol® Processing Capabilities. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:319. [PMID: 33179174 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report for the first time that incorporation of a thermally conductive excipient (TCE) modifies the thermal conductivity of the ternary drug-polymer-TCE compositions such that high-energy mixing can occur for prolonged periods at a selected steady-state temperature during the KinetiSol process. In this study, candurin, a TCE, is incorporated within a composition that is processed by high-energy mixing from the KinetiSol process to increase the thermal conductivity of the ternary composition. The improved thermal conductivity promotes heat transfer and enables the high-energy mixing applied during the KinetiSol process to be continued for prolonged time intervals at a selected steady-state temperature, instead of undergoing a continued increase in temperature when the TCE is not present in the composition. The addition of candurin does not impact the molecular structure and mixing of the drug and polymer in ASDs from solid-state NMR characterizations. Compositions with candurin achieved a steady-state processing temperature with + 5°C of the target temperature, and these compositions demonstrated the ability to mix for prolonged time periods while maintaining within this steady-state temperature range, thus enabling the formation of an ASD at a temperature that the drug does not chemically degrade. This study demonstrated that inclusion of the TCE modified the composition's thermal conductivity to efficiently dissipate heat to achieve a selected steady-state temperature during the KinetiSol process, thus providing prolonged mixing times at a lower temperature for dissolving the drug into the polymer to achieve an ASD without sacrificing product performance.
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8
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Chauhan G, Shaik AA, Kulkarni NS, Gupta V. The preparation of lipid-based drug delivery system using melt extrusion. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:S1359-6446(20)30330-5. [PMID: 32835807 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Melt extrusion of lipids is versatile with high applicability in the pharmaceutical industry. The formulations prepared can be easily customized depending on the requirements, and have the potential to open a window on personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Abdul A Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; Current address: School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Nishant S Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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Mendonsa N, Almutairy B, Kallakunta VR, Sarabu S, Thipsay P, Bandari S, Repka MA. Manufacturing strategies to develop amorphous solid dispersions: An overview. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019; 55. [PMID: 32863891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the past several decades, poor water solubility of existing and new drugs in the pipeline have remained a challenging issue for the pharmaceutical industry. Literature describes several approaches to improve the overall solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of drugs with poor water solubility. Moreover, the development of amorphous solid dispersion (SD) using suitable polymers and methods have gained considerable importance in the recent past. In the present review, we attempt to discuss the important and industrially scalable thermal strategies for the development of amorphous SD. These include both solvent (spray drying and fluid bed processing) and fusion (hot melt extrusion and KinetiSol®) based techniques. The current review also provides insights into the thermodynamic properties of drugs, their polymer miscibility and solubility, and their molecular dynamics to develop stable and more efficient amorphous SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mendonsa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Bjad Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Venkata Raman Kallakunta
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Sandeep Sarabu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Priyanka Thipsay
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States.,Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Innovation & Instruction, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, United States
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10
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Evaluation of Dissolution Enhancement of Aprepitant Drug in Ternary Pharmaceutical Solid Dispersions with Soluplus® and Poloxamer 188 Prepared by Melt Mixing. SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sci1020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study Aprepitant (APT) ternary solid dispersions (SDs) were developed and evaluated for the first time. Specifically, ternary SDs of APT with Poloxamer 188 and Soluplus® (SOL) were prepared via melt mixing and compared to binary APT/Poloxamer 188 and APT/SOL SDs. Initially, combined thermo-gravimetric and hot-stage polarized light microscopy studies indicated that all tested compounds were thermally stable up to 280 °C, while Poloxamer 188 acted as a plasticizer to SOL by significantly reducing the temperature required to fully solubilize the API during SD preparation. Differential scanning calorimetry combined with wide angle X-ray diffraction studies showed that crystalline API was dispersed in both binary and ternary SDs, while Fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy studies revealed no molecular interactions among the components. Scanning electron microscopy combined with EDAX element analysis showed that the API was dispersed in nano-scale within the polymer matrices, while increasing APT content led to increasing API nano-crystals within the SDs. Finally, dissolution studies showed that the prepared formulations enhanced dissolution of Aprepitant and its mechanism analysis was further studied. A mathematical model was also investigated to evaluate the drug release mechanism.
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11
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Aprepitant Drug in Ternary Pharmaceutical Solid Dispersions with Soluplus® and Poloxamer 188 Prepared by Melt Mixing. SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sci1010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study Aprepitant (APT) ternary solid dispersions (SDs) were developed and evaluated for the first time. Specifically, ternary SDs of APT with Poloxamer 188 and Soluplus® (SOL) were prepared via melt mixing and compared to binary APT/Poloxamer 188 and APT/SOL SDs. Initially, combined thermo-gravimetric and hot-stage polarized light microscopy studies indicated that all tested compounds were thermally stable up to 280 °C, while Poloxamer 188 acted as a plasticizer to SOL by significantly reducing the temperature required to fully solubilize the API during SD preparation. Differential scanning calorimetry combined with wide angle X-ray diffraction studies showed that crystalline API was dispersed in both binary and ternary SDs, while Fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy studies revealed no molecular interactions among the components. Scanning electron microscopy combined with EDAX element analysis showed that the API was dispersed in nano-scale within the polymer matrices, while increasing APT content led to increasing API nano-crystals within the SDs. Finally, dissolution studies showed that the prepared formulations enhanced dissolution of Aprepitant and its mechanism analysis was further studied. A mathematical model was also investigated to evaluate the drug release mechanism
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12
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Molecular modelling and simulation of fusion-based amorphous drug dispersions in polymer/plasticizer blends. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 130:260-268. [PMID: 30735824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A realistic molecular description of amorphous drug-polymer-plasticizer matrices, suitable for the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) with the aid of fusion-based techniques, was evaluated. Specifically, the incorporation of two model drugs (i.e. ibuprofen, IBU, and carbamazepine, CBZ) having substantially different thermal properties and glass forming ability, on the molecular representation of polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (SOL)/polyethylene glycol (PEG, working as a plasticizer) molecular and thermal properties were evaluated with the aid of classical molecular dynamics (MD) and docking simulations. Results showed good agreement between molecular modelling estimations and experimentally determined properties. Specifically, the computed Tg values that resulted from MD simulations for IBU-SOL/PEG and CBZ-SOL/PEG (53.8 and 54.2 °C, respectively) were in reasonable agreement with the corresponding values resulting from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements (49.8 and 50.1 °C), while both molecular modelling and experimental obtained results suggested miscibility among system components. Additionally, interactions between CBZ and SOL observed during MD simulations were verified by FTIR analysis, while MD simulations of the hydration process suggested strong molecular interactions between IBU-SOL and CBZ-SOL.
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14
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Ellenberger DJ, Miller DA, Williams RO. Expanding the Application and Formulation Space of Amorphous Solid Dispersions with KinetiSol®: a Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1933-1956. [PMID: 29846889 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high number of poorly soluble drugs in the development pipeline, novel processes for delivery of these challenging molecules are increasingly in demand. One such emerging method is KinetiSol, which utilizes high shear to produce amorphous solid dispersions. The process has been shown to be amenable to difficult to process active pharmaceutical ingredients with high melting points, poor organic solubility, or sensitivity to heat degradation. Additionally, the process enables classes of polymers not conventionally processable due to their high molecular weight and/or poor organic solubility. Beyond these advantages, the KinetiSol process shows promise with other applications, such as the production of amorphous mucoadhesive dispersions for delivery of compounds that would also benefit from permeability enhancement.
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15
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Molecular simulations for amorphous drug formulation: Polymeric matrix properties relevant to hot-melt extrusion. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 119:259-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Herbrink M, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH, Nuijen B. Improving the solubility of nilotinib through novel spray-dried solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:294-302. [PMID: 28689964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib has a very low aqueous solubility and a low and variable oral bioavailability. A pharmaceutical formulation with an improved solubility may enhance the bioavailability and reduce the variability thereof and of the pharmacokinetics. The aim of this study was to enhance the solubility of nilotinib by developing a spray dried solid dispersion. A broad selection of polymer excipients were tested for solubilizing properties. The spray drying technique was used to produce solid dispersions of nilotinib hydrochloride (NH) in matrices of the best performing polymers. Both the dissolution and physicochemical characteristics of the formulations were studied using a pH-switch dissolution model and conventional microscopic, thermal and spectrometric techniques. Of the tested spray dried solid dispersions, the ones containing the co-block polymer Soluplus® performed best in terms of in vitro dissolution properties. Further testing led to an optimized weight ratio of 1:7 (NH:Soluplus®) that improved the solubility up to 630-fold compared to crystalline NH (1.5μg/mL) in simulated intestinal fluid. This effect can be attributed to the amorphization of NH and the solubilization of the drug due to micelle formation. A spray dried solid dispersion formulation of NH with Soluplus® in a ratio of 1:7 was developed that showed a significant increase in solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Herbrink
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital and MC Slotervaart, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital and MC Slotervaart, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital and MC Slotervaart, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Nuijen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital and MC Slotervaart, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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An approach for chemical stability during melt extrusion of a drug substance with a high melting point. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Maroni A, Zema L, Cerea M, Foppoli A, Palugan L, Gazzaniga A. Erodible drug delivery systems for time-controlled release into the gastrointestinal tract. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Enabling thermal processing of ritonavir–polyvinyl alcohol amorphous solid dispersions by KinetiSol® Dispersing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 101:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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LaFountaine JS, McGinity JW, Williams RO. Challenges and Strategies in Thermal Processing of Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:43-55. [PMID: 26307759 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal processing of amorphous solid dispersions continues to gain interest in the pharmaceutical industry, as evident by several recently approved commercial products. Still, a number of pharmaceutical polymer carriers exhibit thermal or viscoelastic limitations in thermal processing, especially at smaller scales. Additionally, active pharmaceutical ingredients with high melting points and/or that are thermally labile present their own specific challenges. This review will outline a number of formulation and process-driven strategies to enable thermal processing of challenging compositions. These include the use of traditional plasticizers and surfactants, temporary plasticizers utilizing sub- or supercritical carbon dioxide, designer polymers tailored for hot-melt extrusion processing, and KinetiSol® Dispersing technology. Recent case studies of each strategy will be described along with potential benefits and limitations.
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Brough C, Miller DA, Keen JM, Kucera SA, Lubda D, Williams RO. Use of Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Solubility-Enhancing Polymer for Poorly Water Soluble Drug Delivery (Part 1). AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:167-79. [PMID: 26637232 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) has not been investigated in a binary formulation as a concentration-enhancing polymer owing to its high melting point/high viscosity and poor organic solubility. Due to the unique attributes of the KinetiSol® dispersing (KSD) technology, PVAL has been enabled for this application and it is the aim of this paper to investigate various grades for improvement of the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients. Solid amorphous dispersions were created with the model drug, itraconazole (ITZ), at a selected drug loading of 20%. Polymer grades were chosen with variation in molecular weight and degree of hydroxylation to determine the effects on performance. Differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, polarized light microscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and dissolution testing were used to characterize the amorphous dispersions. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats was also conducted to compare the selected formulation to current market formulations of ITZ. The 4-88 grade of PVAL was determined to be effective at enhancing solubility and bioavailability of itraconazole.
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Becker K, Salar-Behzadi S, Zimmer A. Solvent-free melting techniques for the preparation of lipid-based solid oral formulations. Pharm Res 2015; 32:1519-45. [PMID: 25788447 PMCID: PMC4381087 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid excipients are applied for numerous purposes such as taste masking, controlled release, improvement of swallowability and moisture protection. Several melting techniques have evolved in the last decades. Common examples are melt coating, melt granulation and melt extrusion. The required equipment ranges from ordinary glass beakers for lab scale up to large machines such as fluid bed coaters, spray dryers or extruders. This allows for upscaling to pilot or production scale. Solvent free melt processing provides a cost-effective, time-saving and eco-friendly method for the food and pharmaceutical industries. This review intends to give a critical overview of the published literature on experiences, formulations and challenges and to show possibilities for future developments in this promising field. Moreover, it should serve as a guide for selecting the best excipients and manufacturing techniques for the development of a product with specific properties using solvent free melt processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Becker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Member of BioTechMed, Universitätplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Member of BioTechMed, Universitätplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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