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Mertens RT, Gukathasan S, Arojojoye AS, Olelewe C, Awuah SG. Next Generation Gold Drugs and Probes: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6612-6667. [PMID: 37071737 PMCID: PMC10317554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The gold drugs, gold sodium thiomalate (Myocrisin), aurothioglucose (Solganal), and the orally administered auranofin (Ridaura), are utilized in modern medicine for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis including rheumatoid and juvenile arthritis; however, new gold agents have been slow to enter the clinic. Repurposing of auranofin in different disease indications such as cancer, parasitic, and microbial infections in the clinic has provided impetus for the development of new gold complexes for biomedical applications based on unique mechanistic insights differentiated from auranofin. Various chemical methods for the preparation of physiologically stable gold complexes and associated mechanisms have been explored in biomedicine such as therapeutics or chemical probes. In this Review, we discuss the chemistry of next generation gold drugs, which encompasses oxidation states, geometry, ligands, coordination, and organometallic compounds for infectious diseases, cancer, inflammation, and as tools for chemical biology via gold-protein interactions. We will focus on the development of gold agents in biomedicine within the past decade. The Review provides readers with an accessible overview of the utility, development, and mechanism of action of gold-based small molecules to establish context and basis for the thriving resurgence of gold in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tyler Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sailajah Gukathasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Adedamola S Arojojoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Chibuzor Olelewe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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Moreno-Alcántar G, Picchetti P, Casini A. Gold Complexes in Anticancer Therapy: From New Design Principles to Particle-Based Delivery Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218000. [PMID: 36847211 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the medicinal properties of gold complexes has fuelled the design and synthesis of new anticancer metallodrugs, which have received special attention due to their unique modes of action. Current research in the development of gold compounds with therapeutic properties is predominantly focused on the molecular design of drug leads with superior pharmacological activities, e.g., by introducing targeting features. Moreover, intensive research aims at improving the physicochemical properties of gold compounds, such as chemical stability and solubility in the physiological environment. In this regard, the encapsulation of gold compounds in nanocarriers or their chemical grafting onto targeted delivery vectors could lead to new nanomedicines that eventually reach clinical applications. Herein, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art progress of gold anticancer compounds, andmore importantly we thoroughly revise the development of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for gold chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Moreno-Alcántar
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Pierre Picchetti
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
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Nanostrategies for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Targeting of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043455. [PMID: 36834867 PMCID: PMC9958678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanomedicine bring the attention of researchers to the molecular targets that can play a major role in the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities for cancer management. The choice of a proper molecular target can decide the efficacy of the treatment and endorse the personalized medicine approach. Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is a G-protein-coupled membrane receptor, well known to be overexpressed in numerous malignancies including pancreatic, prostate, breast, lung, colon, cervical, and gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, many research groups express a deep interest in targeting GRPR with their nanoformulations. A broad spectrum of the GRPR ligands has been described in the literature, which allows tuning of the properties of the final formulation, particularly in the field of the ligand affinity to the receptor and internalization possibilities. Hereby, the recent advances in the field of applications of various nanoplatforms that are able to reach the GRPR-expressing cells are reviewed.
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Polymeric Nanosystems Applied for Metal-Based Drugs and Photosensitizers Delivery: The State of the Art and Recent Advancements. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071506. [PMID: 35890401 PMCID: PMC9320085 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based approaches for targeting the delivery and controlled release of metal-based therapeutic agents have revealed significant potential as tools for enhancing the therapeutic effect of metal-based agents and minimizing their systemic toxicities. In this context, a series of polymer-based nanosized systems designed to physically load or covalently conjugate metal-based therapeutic agents have been remarkably improving their bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. Initially, the polymeric nanocarriers were applied for platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents resulting in some nanoformulations currently in clinical tests and even in medical applications. At present, these nanoassemblies have been slowly expanding for nonplatinum-containing metal-based chemotherapeutic agents. Interestingly, for metal-based photosensitizers (PS) applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT), especially for cancer treatment, strategies employing polymeric nanocarriers have been investigated for almost 30 years. In this review, we address the polymeric nanocarrier-assisted metal-based therapeutics agent delivery systems with a specific focus on non-platinum systems; we explore some biological and physicochemical aspects of the polymer–metallodrug assembly. Finally, we summarize some recent advances in polymeric nanosystems coupled with metal-based compounds that present potential for successful clinical applications as chemotherapeutic or photosensitizing agents. We hope this review can provide a fertile ground for the innovative design of polymeric nanosystems for targeting the delivery and controlled release of metal-containing therapeutic agents.
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Gou Y, Huang G, Li J, Yang F, Liang H. Versatile delivery systems for non-platinum metal-based anticancer therapeutic agents. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gallo E, Diaferia C, Rosa E, Smaldone G, Morelli G, Accardo A. Peptide-Based Hydrogels and Nanogels for Delivery of Doxorubicin. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1617-1630. [PMID: 33688182 PMCID: PMC7935351 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s296272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical use of the antitumoral drug doxorubicin (Dox) is reduced by its dose-limiting toxicity, related to cardiotoxic side effects and myelosuppression. In order to overcome these drawbacks, here we describe the synthesis, the structural characterization and the in vitro cytotoxicity assays of hydrogels (HGs) and nanogels (NGs) based on short peptide sequences loaded with Dox or with its liposomal formulation, Doxil. METHODS Fmoc-FF alone or in combination with (FY)3 or PEG8-(FY)3 peptides, at two different ratios (1/1 and 2/1 v/v), were used for HGs and NGs formulations. HGs were prepared according to the "solvent-switch" method, whereas NGs were obtained through HG submicronition by the top-down methodology in presence of TWEEN®60 and SPAN®60 as stabilizing agents. HGs gelation kinetics were assessed by Circular Dichroism (CD). Stability and size of NGs were studied using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements. Cell viability of empty and filled Dox HGs and NGs was evaluated on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Moreover, cell internalization of the drug was evaluated using immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS Dox filled hydrogels exhibit a high drug loading content (DLC=0.440), without syneresis after 10 days. Gelation kinetics (20-40 min) and the drug release (16-28%) over time of HGs were found dependent on relative peptide composition. Dox filled NGs exhibit a DLC of 0.137 and a low drug release (20-40%) after 72 h. Empty HGs and NGs show a high cell viability (>95%), whereas Dox loaded ones significantly reduce cell viability after 24 h (49-57%) and 72 h (7-25%) of incubation, respectively. Immunofluorescence assays evidenced a different cell localization for Dox delivered through HGs and NGs with respect to the free drug. DISCUSSION A modulation of the Dox release can be obtained by changing the ratios of the peptide components. The different cellular localization of the drug loaded into HGs and NGs suggests an alternative internalization mechanism. The high DLC, the low drug release and preliminary in vitro results suggest a potential employment of peptide-based HGs and NGs as drug delivery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Diaferia
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, 80134, Italy
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Adeyemi JO, Onwudiwe DC. The mechanisms of action involving dithiocarbamate complexes in biological systems. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Adokoh CK. Therapeutic potential of dithiocarbamate supported gold compounds. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2975-2988. [PMID: 35496096 PMCID: PMC9048446 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09682e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysotherapy or aurotherapy, the use of gold as medicine, is two thousand years old. Hitherto, numerous diverse gold stabilizing ligands for instance vitamins, pyridine, phosphines, naphthylamine and xanthanes have been developed and their 'chelating effect' in addition to their anti-proliferative properties have been extensively studied. Recent advances in the field of bioinorganic chemistry have led to the design of biologically relevant metal complexes with appropriate fine-tuned ligands such as metallic conjugates of dithiocarbamates (DTCs). DTC compounds have been recognised to possess diverse applications and have demonstrated interesting biological properties. For instance, the chemoprotective and antitumour properties of gold metal ions and DTC compounds respectively, presents an innovative and effective approach to cancer management. This review presents therefore the therapeutic potential of DTC ligand systems as a support for gold compounds. The importance of dithiocarbamate supported gold compounds as potential therapeutic agents is highlighted with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of gold(iii) and gold(i) dithiocarbamate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Adokoh
- Department of Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
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Tesauro D, Accardo A, Diaferia C, Milano V, Guillon J, Ronga L, Rossi F. Peptide-Based Drug-Delivery Systems in Biotechnological Applications: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Molecules 2019; 24:E351. [PMID: 30669445 PMCID: PMC6359574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides of natural and synthetic sources are compounds operating in a wide range of biological interactions. They play a key role in biotechnological applications as both therapeutic and diagnostic tools. They are easily synthesized thanks to solid-phase peptide devices where the amino acid sequence can be exactly selected at molecular levels, by tuning the basic units. Recently, peptides achieved resounding success in drug delivery and in nanomedicine smart applications. These applications are the most significant challenge of recent decades: they can selectively deliver drugs to only pathological tissues whilst saving the other districts of the body. This specific feature allows a reduction in the drug side effects and increases the drug efficacy. In this context, peptide-based aggregates present many advantages, including biocompatibility, high drug loading capacities, chemical diversity, specific targeting, and stimuli responsive drug delivery. A dual behavior is observed: on the one hand they can fulfill a structural and bioactive role. In this review, we focus on the design and the characterization of drug delivery systems using peptide-based carriers; moreover, we will also highlight the peptide ability to self-assemble and to actively address nanosystems toward specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Tesauro
- Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Università Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Università Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo Diaferia
- Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Università Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Milano
- Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Università Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy.
- ARNA, INSERM U1212/UMR CNRS 5320, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Jean Guillon
- ARNA, INSERM U1212/UMR CNRS 5320, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Luisa Ronga
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, IPREM, UMR 5254, CNRS-University of Pau, 64000 Pau, France.
| | - Filomena Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Università Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
Despite improvements in the 5-year survival rate to over 80% in cancers, such as Hodgkin lymphoma and testicular cancer, more aggressive tumors including pancreatic and brain cancer still have extremely low survival rates. The establishment of chemoresistance, responsible for the reduction in treatment efficiency and cancer relapse, is one possible explanation for this setback. Metal-based compounds, a class of anticancer drugs, are largely used in the treatment of cancer. Herein, we will review the use of metal-based small molecules in chemotherapy, focusing on recent studies, and we will discuss how new nonplatinum-based agents are prompting scientists to increase drug specificity to overcome chemoresistance in cancer cells.
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11
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Accardo A, Mannucci S, Nicolato E, Vurro F, Diaferia C, Bontempi P, Marzola P, Morelli G. Easy formulation of liposomal doxorubicin modified with a bombesin peptide analogue for selective targeting of GRP receptors overexpressed by cancer cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 9:215-226. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-00606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Ferraro G, Monti DM, Amoresano A, Pontillo N, Petruk G, Pane F, Cinellu MA, Merlino A. Gold-based drug encapsulation within a ferritin nanocage: X-ray structure and biological evaluation as a potential anticancer agent of the Auoxo3-loaded protein. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:9518-21. [PMID: 27326513 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Auoxo3, a cytotoxic gold(iii) compound, was encapsulated within a ferritin nanocage. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography confirm the potential-drug encapsulation. The structure shows that naked Au(i) ions bind to the side chains of Cys48, His49, His114, His114 and Cys126, Cys126, His132, His147. The gold-encapsulated nanocarrier has a cytotoxic effect on different aggressive human cancer cells, whereas it is significantly less cytotoxic for non-tumorigenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giarita Ferraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Daria Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Nicola Pontillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Ganna Petruk
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Francesca Pane
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maria Agostina Cinellu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy and CIRCC, Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi, Università di Bari, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy. and CNR Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
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Lorente C, Arias JL, Cabeza L, Ortiz R, Prados JC, Melguizo C, Delgado ÁV, Clares-Naveros B. Nano-engineering of biomedical prednisolone liposomes: evaluation of the cytotoxic effect on human colon carcinoma cell lines. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:488-497. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Liposomes have attracted the attention of researchers due to their potential to act as drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. The present investigation aimed to develop liposomes loaded with prednisolone base and the evaluation of the antiproliferative effect on human colon carcinoma cell lines.
Methods
Liposomes were elaborated by following a reproducible thin film hydration technique. The physicochemical characterization of liposomes included photon correlation spectroscopy, microscopy analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, rheological behaviour and electrophoresis. On the basis of these data and drug loading values, the best formulation was selected. Stability and drug release properties were also tested.
Key findings
Resulting liposomes exhibited optimal physicochemical and stability properties, an excellent haemocompatibility and direct antiproliferative effect on human colon carcinoma T-84 cell lines.
Conclusions
This study shows direct antitumour effect of prednisolone liposomal formulation, which opens the door for liposomal glucocorticoids as novel antitumour agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lorente
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José L Arias
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Andalusian Health Service (SAS)—University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Cabeza
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Andalusian Health Service (SAS)—University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raúl Ortiz
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José C Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Andalusian Health Service (SAS)—University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Andalusian Health Service (SAS)—University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel V Delgado
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Clares-Naveros
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Andalusian Health Service (SAS)—University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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N-(R)ethanolamine dithiocarbamate ligands and their Ni(II) and Pt(II) complexes. Evaluation of the in vitro anticancer activity of the Pt(II) derivatives. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Tomasello MF, Nardon C, Lanza V, Di Natale G, Pettenuzzo N, Salmaso S, Milardi D, Caliceti P, Pappalardo G, Fregona D. New comprehensive studies of a gold(III) Dithiocarbamate complex with proven anticancer properties: Aqueous dissolution with cyclodextrins, pharmacokinetics and upstream inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2017. [PMID: 28651154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The gold(III)-dithiocarbamate complex AuL12 (dibromo [ethyl-N-(dithiocarboxy-kS,kS')-N-methylglycinate] gold(III)), is endowed with promising in vitro/in vivo antitumor activity and toxicological profile. Here, we report our recent strategies to improve its water solubility and stability under physiological conditions along with our efforts for unravelling its tangled mechanism of action. We used three types of α-cyclodextrins (CDs), namely β-CD, Me-β-CD and HP-β-CD to prepare aqueous solutions of AuL12. The ability of these natural oligosaccharide carriers to enhance water solubility of hydrophobic compounds, allowed drug stability of AuL12 to be investigated. Moreover, pharmacokinetic experiments were first carried out for a gold(III) coordination compound, after i.v. injection of the nanoformulation AuL12/HP-β-CD to female mice. The gold content in the blood samples was detected at scheduled times by AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry) analysis, highlighting a fast biodistribution with a tβ1/2 of few minutes and a slow escretion (tα1/2 of 14.3 h). The in vitro cytotoxic activity of AuL12 was compared with the AuL12/HP-β-CD mixture against a panel of three human tumor cell lines (i.e., HeLa, KB and MCF7). Concerning the mechanism of action, we previously reported the proteasome-inhibitory activity of some our gold(III)-based compounds. In this work, we moved from the proteasome target to upstream of the important ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, testing the effects of AuL12 on the polyubiquitination reactions involving the Ub-activating (E1) and -conjugating (E2) enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna F Tomasello
- IBB-CNR, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 - 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Nardon
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Lanza
- IBB-CNR, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 - 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Natale
- IBB-CNR, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 - 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolò Pettenuzzo
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Danilo Milardi
- IBB-CNR, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 - 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pappalardo
- IBB-CNR, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 - 95126, Catania, Italy.
| | - Dolores Fregona
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Scintilla S, Brustolin L, Gambalunga A, Chiara F, Trevisan A, Nardon C, Fregona D. Ru(III) anticancer agents with aromatic and non-aromatic dithiocarbamates asligands: Loading into nanocarriers and preliminary biological studies. J Inorg Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Ru(III) anticancer agents with aromatic and non-aromatic dithiocarbamates as ligands: Loading into nanocarriers and preliminary biological studies. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 165:159-169. [PMID: 27889069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of cisplatin in the 1960s, other metal complexes have been investigated as potential antitumor agents to overcome the side-effects associated with the administration of the Pt-based drug. In line with our previous research, in this work we report the synthesis and characterization of mono- and dinuclear Ru(III) complexes with the pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDT) ligand and the more sterically-hindered carbazole-dithiocarbamato ligand (CDT), to compare their properties (both at the chemical and antiproliferative level), in an attempt to assess a structure-activity rationale. Moreover, to overcome the scarce solubility under physiological conditions of the Ru(III)-dithiocarbamato compounds, the biocompatible copolymer Pluronic® F127 has been used, to encapsulate the metal derivatives in water-soluble micellar carriers. Finally, preliminary biological evaluations on CDT and PDT compounds along with their nanoformulations, open intriguing perspectives in anticancer chemotherapy. In particular, comparing the structure of the Ru(III) derivatives, the ionic dinuclear PDT complex shows an important cytotoxic action in comparison to its neutral counterparts. Moreover, the micellar carrier improves the overall activity of the encapsulated Ru(III)-PDT chemotherapeutics. On the other hand, the nanoformulation of the CDT derivatives allows us to solubilize both the 1:3 and the 2:5 complexes and to state their inactivity.
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Sun RWY, Zhang M, Li D, Li M, Wong AST. Enhanced anti-cancer activities of a gold(III) pyrrolidinedithiocarbamato complex incorporated in a biodegradable metal-organic framework. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ringhieri P, Avitabile C, Saviano M, Morelli G, Romanelli A, Accardo A. The influence of liposomal formulation on the incorporation and retention of PNA oligomers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:462-469. [PMID: 27236097 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liposomal formulations composed of phospholipids with different unsaturation degrees, head groups and at different cholesterol content have been tested for the encapsulation of Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) oligomers. The best loading capability (177μg, ER%=87.2) was obtained for pure liposomes of phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) with negatively charged head group. The insertion of a 10-20% of cholesterol in DOPG based liposomes provides a slight decrease (∼160μg) of the PNA loading. On the other hand, the cholesterol addition (20-30%) slows down the PNA's release (∼27%) in fetal bovine serum from the liposomal formulation. Based on the encapsulation and the release properties, PEGylated DOPG liposomes with a percentage of cholesterol of 10-20% are the optimal formulation for the loading of PNA-a210.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ringhieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Concetta Avitabile
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (IBB), CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), CNR, Via Amendola 122, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romanelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
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Falanga A, Galdiero M, Galdiero S. Membranotropic Cell Penetrating Peptides: The Outstanding Journey. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25323-37. [PMID: 26512649 PMCID: PMC4632803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane bilayer delimits the interior of individual cells and provides them with the ability to survive and function properly. However, the crossing of cellular membranes constitutes the principal impediment to gaining entry into cells, and the potential therapeutic application of many drugs is predominantly dependent on the development of delivery tools that should take the drug to target cells selectively and efficiently with only minimal toxicity. Cell-penetrating peptides are short and basic peptides are widely used due to their ability to deliver a cargo across the membrane both in vitro and in vivo. It is widely accepted that their uptake mechanism involves mainly the endocytic pathway, the drug is catched inside endosomes and lysosomes, and only a small quantity is able to reach the intracellular target. In this wide-ranging scenario, a fascinating novel hypothesis is that membranotropic peptides that efficiently cross biological membranes, promote lipid-membrane reorganizing processes and cause a local and temporary destabilization and reorganization of the membrane bilayer, may also be able to enter cells circumventing the endosomal entrapment; in particular, by either favoring the escape from the endosome or by direct translocation. This review summarizes current data on membranotropic peptides for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Falanga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- CiRPEB, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
- CiRPEB, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
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Ramos-Álvarez I, Moreno P, Mantey SA, Nakamura T, Nuche-Berenguer B, Moody TW, Coy DH, Jensen RT. Insights into bombesin receptors and ligands: Highlighting recent advances. Peptides 2015; 72:128-44. [PMID: 25976083 PMCID: PMC4641779 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This following article is written for Prof. Abba Kastin's Festschrift, to add to the tribute to his important role in the advancement of the role of peptides in physiological, as well as pathophysiological processes. There have been many advances during the 35 years of his prominent role in the Peptide field, not only as editor of the journal Peptides, but also as a scientific investigator and editor of two volumes of the Handbook of Biological Active Peptides [146,147]. Similar to the advances with many different peptides, during this 35 year period, there have been much progress made in the understanding of the pharmacology, cell biology and the role of (bombesin) Bn receptors and their ligands in various disease states, since the original isolation of bombesin from skin of the European frog Bombina bombina in 1970 [76]. This paper will briefly review some of these advances over the time period of Prof. Kastin 35 years in the peptide field concentrating on the advances since 2007 when many of the results from earlier studies were summarized [128,129]. It is appropriate to do this because there have been 280 articles published in Peptides during this time on bombesin-related peptides and it accounts for almost 5% of all publications. Furthermore, 22 Bn publications we have been involved in have been published in either Peptides [14,39,55,58,81,92,93,119,152,216,225,226,231,280,302,309,355,361,362] or in Prof. Kastin's Handbook of Biological Active Peptides [137,138,331].
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Paola Moreno
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Samuel A Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Taichi Nakamura
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Bernardo Nuche-Berenguer
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Terry W Moody
- Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - David H Coy
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, United States
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States.
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Accardo A, Morelli G. Review peptide-targeted liposomes for selective drug delivery: Advantages and problematic issues. Biopolymers 2015; 104:462-79. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy; CIRPeB, University of Naples “Federico II” and Invectors srl; 80134 Napoli Italy
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy; CIRPeB, University of Naples “Federico II” and Invectors srl; 80134 Napoli Italy
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Ringhieri P, Diaferia C, Galdiero S, Palumbo R, Morelli G, Accardo A. Liposomal doxorubicin doubly functionalized with CCK8 and R8 peptide sequences for selective intracellular drug delivery. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:415-25. [PMID: 25754969 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new dual-ligand liposomal doxorubicin delivery system, which couples targeting to enhanced cellular uptake and may lead to a more efficient drug delivery system, is here designed and synthetized. Liposomes based on the composition 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-Peg2000-R8/(C18)2-L5-SS-CCK8 (87/8/5 mol/mol/mol) were prepared and loaded with doxorubicin. Presence of the two peptides on the external surface is demonstrated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. The combination of the R8 cell-penetrating peptide and of the CCK8 targeting peptide (homing peptide) on the liposome surface is obtained by combining pre-modification and post-modification methods. In the dual-ligand system, the CCK8 peptide is anchored to the liposome surface by using a disulfide bond. This chemical function is inserted in order to promote the selective cleavage of the homing peptide under the reductive conditions expected in proximity of the tumor site, thus allowing targeting and internalization of the liposomal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ringhieri
- Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi - University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
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Zou T, Lum CT, Lok CN, Zhang JJ, Che CM. Chemical biology of anticancer gold(iii) and gold(i) complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8786-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00132c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer gold complexes, including their mechanisms of action and the approaches adopted to improve the anticancer efficiency are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Ching Tung Lum
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
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