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Van Staden ADP, Visser JG, Powrie YSL, Smith C. Harnessing Microbial Effectors for Macrophage-Mediated Drug Delivery. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18260-18272. [PMID: 38680365 PMCID: PMC11044259 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage-based drug delivery systems are promising, but their development is still in its infancy, with many limitations remaining to be addressed. Our aim was to design a system harnessing microbial effectors to facilitate controlled drug cargo expulsion from macrophages to enable the use of more toxic drugs without adding to the risk of off-target detrimental effects. The pore forming and actin polymerizing Listeria monocytogenes effectors listeriolysin-O (LLO) and actin assembly-inducing protein (ActA) were synthesized using a novel green fluorescent protein (GFP)-linked heterologous expression system. These effectors were coated onto polystyrene beads to generate "synthetic cargo" before loading into primary M1 macrophages. Bead uptake and release from macrophages were evaluated by using high-throughput quantitative imaging flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. In vitro results confirmed appropriate activity of synthesized effectors. Coating of these effector proteins onto polystyrene beads (simulated drug cargo) resulted in changes in cellular morphology, bead content, and intracellular bead localization, which may support an interpretation of the induced release of these beads from the cells. This forms the basis for further investigation to fully elucidate any potential release mechanisms. Bacterial effectors ActA and LLO successfully effectuated actin polarization and protrusions from cell membranes similar to those seen in cells infected with Listeria spp., illustrating the potential of using these effectors and production methods for the development of an endogenous drug delivery system capable of low-risk, targeted release of high potency drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Du Preez Van Staden
- Department
of Microbiology, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Experimental
Medicine Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow 7505, South Africa
| | - Johan G. Visser
- Department
of Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Yigael S. L. Powrie
- Experimental
Medicine Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow 7505, South Africa
- Division
of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Twon, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Carine Smith
- Experimental
Medicine Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow 7505, South Africa
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2
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Blaudszun AR, Kim WJ, Um W, Yoon HY, Shim MK, Kim K. Adoptive Transfer of Photosensitizer-Loaded Cytotoxic T Cells for Combinational Photodynamic Therapy and Cancer Immuno-Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041295. [PMID: 37111779 PMCID: PMC10143374 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) has shown remarkable therapeutic efficacy against blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphomas, but its effect is still limited due to the lack of well-defined antigens expressed by aberrant cells within tumors, the insufficient trafficking of administered T cells to the tumor sites, as well as immunosuppression induced by the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we propose the adoptive transfer of photosensitizer (PS)-loaded cytotoxic T cells for a combinational photodynamic and cancer immunotherapy. Temoporfin (Foscan®), a clinically applicable porphyrin derivative, was loaded into OT-1 cells (PS-OT-1 cells). The PS-OT-1 cells efficiently produced a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible light irradiation in a culture; importantly, the combinational photodynamic therapy (PDT) and ACT with PS-OT-1 cells induced significant cytotoxicity compared to ACT alone with unloaded OT-1 cells. In murine lymphoma models, intravenously injected PS-OT-1 cells significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to unloaded OT-1 cells when the tumor tissues were locally irradiated with visible light. Collectively, this study suggests that combinational PDT and ACT mediated by PS-OT-1 cells provides a new approach for effective cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André-René Blaudszun
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Biosensor and Materials Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH (KIST Europe), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Woo Jun Kim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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3
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Barbey C, Bouchemal N, Retailleau P, Dupont N, Spadavecchia J. Idarubicin-Gold Complex: From Crystal Growth to Gold Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:1235-1245. [PMID: 33490782 PMCID: PMC7818310 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Idarubicin (IDA) is the analog of daunorubicin (DNR). The absence of the methoxy group at position 4 of IDA remarkably improved lipophilicity, which is responsible for extra cellular uptake, higher DNA-binding ability, and considerable cytotoxicity in correlation with doxorubicin (DOX) and DNR. In this paper, we conceived two principal objectives: we realized the crystal structure of IDA by X-ray diffraction measurements on single crystals at room temperature (monoclinic, space group P21, a = 5.1302(2) Å, b = 9.9122(5) Å, c = 24.8868(11) Å; β = 91.425(4)°; V = 1265.14(10) Å3) with refinements of the structure converged to the final R = 3.87%. The second objective has been to develop gold nanoparticles encapsulated with idarubicin through an original methodology in which gold salt (HAuCl4) is chelated with IDA and diacid polymer (PEG) to form hybrid nanoparticles called IDA IN PEG-AuNPs in which drug solubility was enhanced. The computational studies were in agreement with the experimental observations. These hybrid nanoparticles and their precursors were analyzed by Raman, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The main results are completed by a theoretical approach to understand the whole process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Barbey
- CNRS,
UMR 7244, NBD-CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés
de Biomatériaux et d’Agents Thérapeutiques Université
Sorbonne Paris Nord, 1 Rue de Chablis, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Nadia Bouchemal
- CNRS,
UMR 7244, NBD-CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés
de Biomatériaux et d’Agents Thérapeutiques Université
Sorbonne Paris Nord, 1 Rue de Chablis, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- CNRS,
UPR 2301, Service de Cristallochimie, Institut des Substances Naturelles, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif sur Yvette 91190, France
| | - Nathalie Dupont
- CNRS,
UMR 7244, NBD-CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés
de Biomatériaux et d’Agents Thérapeutiques Université
Sorbonne Paris Nord, 1 Rue de Chablis, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Jolanda Spadavecchia
- CNRS,
UMR 7244, NBD-CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés
de Biomatériaux et d’Agents Thérapeutiques Université
Sorbonne Paris Nord, 1 Rue de Chablis, Bobigny 93000, France
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Alavi M, Varma RS. Overview of novel strategies for the delivery of anthracyclines to cancer cells by liposomal and polymeric nanoformulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2197-2203. [PMID: 32763404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe side effects and the rapid emergence of drug resistance in cancer cells are major problems in the chemotherapy utilizing anthracyclines, with a difference between cellular response at nano and micro scale levels. Understanding this situation is more complicated issue to attain efficient targeted formulations with low unexpected toxicity in patients. On nano-scale level, considering properties of nano-bio interaction in all relevant parts of the body may offer clue for suitable formulations. Four main strategies comprising PEGylation, surface charging, targeting, and stimuli responsiveness can be deployed to improve the liposomal and polymeric nanoformulations that can efficiently deliver common anthracyclines namely daunorubicin (DAU), doxorubicin (DOX), idarubicin (IDA), and epirubicin (EPI). Herein, the advances and challenges pertaining to the formulations of these anticancer drugs via liposomal and polymeric nanoformulations, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Alavi
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Visser JG, Van Staden ADP, Smith C. Harnessing Macrophages for Controlled-Release Drug Delivery: Lessons From Microbes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:22. [PMID: 30740053 PMCID: PMC6355695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the effectiveness of therapeutic agents ever decreasing and the increased incidence of multi-drug resistant pathogens, there is a clear need for administration of more potent, potentially more toxic, drugs. Alternatively, biopharmaceuticals may hold potential but require specialized protection from premature in vivo degradation. Thus, a paralleled need for specialized drug delivery systems has arisen. Although cell-mediated drug delivery is not a completely novel concept, the few applications described to date are not yet ready for in vivo application, for various reasons such as drug-induced carrier cell death, limited control over the site and timing of drug release and/or drug degradation by the host immune system. Here, we present our hypothesis for a new drug delivery system, which aims to negate these limitations. We propose transport of nanoparticle-encapsulated drugs inside autologous macrophages polarized to M1 phenotype for high mobility and treated to induce transient phagosome maturation arrest. In addition, we propose a significant shift of existing paradigms in the study of host-microbe interactions, in order to study microbial host immune evasion and dissemination patterns for their therapeutic utilization in the context of drug delivery. We describe a system in which microbial strategies may be adopted to facilitate absolute control over drug delivery, and without sacrificing the host carrier cells. We provide a comprehensive summary of the lessons we can learn from microbes in the context of drug delivery and discuss their feasibility for in vivo therapeutic application. We then describe our proposed "synthetic microbe drug delivery system" in detail. In our opinion, this multidisciplinary approach may hold the solution to effective, controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Georg Visser
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | | | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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6
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Wu M, Zhang H, Tie C, Yan C, Deng Z, Wan Q, Liu X, Yan F, Zheng H. MR imaging tracking of inflammation-activatable engineered neutrophils for targeted therapy of surgically treated glioma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4777. [PMID: 30429468 PMCID: PMC6235838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based drug delivery systems have shown promising capability for tumor-targeted therapy owing to the intrinsic tumor-homing and drug-carrying property of some living cells. However, imaging tracking of their migration and bio-effects is urgently needed for clinical application, especially for glioma. Here, we report the inflammation-activatable engineered neutrophils by internalizing doxorubicin-loaded magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (ND-MMSNs) which can provide the potential for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging tracking of the drug-loaded cells to actively target inflamed brain tumor after surgical resection of primary tumor. The phagocytized D-MMSNs possess high drug loading efficiency and do not affect the host neutrophils’ viability, thus remarkably improving intratumoral drug concentration and delaying relapse of surgically treated glioma. Our study offers a new strategy in targeted cancer theranostics through combining the merits of living cells and nanoparticle carriers. Imaging tracking of the migration of cell-based drug delivery systems are needed for expanding their clinical application for glioma. Here they report inflammation activatable engineered neutrophils containing doxorubicin-loaded magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles to image and actively target brain tumors after resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Wu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Haixian Zhang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China.,Department of Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Changjun Tie
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China.,Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518034, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Zhiting Deng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China.
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China.
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7
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Cáceres J, Robinson-Duggon J, Tapia A, Paiva C, Gómez M, Bohne C, Fuentealba D. Photochemical behavior of biosupramolecular assemblies of photosensitizers, cucurbit[n]urils and albumins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:2574-2582. [PMID: 28059428 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07749h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biosupramolecular assemblies combining cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s) and proteins for the targeted delivery of drugs have the potential to improve the photoactivity of photosensitizers used in the photodynamic therapy of cancer. Understanding the complexity of these systems and how it affects the properties of photosensitizers is the focus of this work. We used acridine orange (AO+) as a model photosensitizer and compared it with methylene blue (MB+) and a cationic porphyrin (TMPyP4+). Encapsulation of the photosensitizers into CB[n]s (n = 7, 8) modified their photoactivity. In particular, for AO+, the photo-oxidation of HSA was enhanced in the presence of CB[7]; meanwhile it was decreased when included into CB[8]. Accordingly, peroxide generation and protein fragmentation were also increased when AO+ was encapsulated into CB[7]. The triplet excited state lifetimes of all the photosensitizers were lengthened by their encapsulation into CB[n]s, while the singlet oxygen quantum yield was enhanced only for AO+ and TMPyP4+, but it decreased for MB+. The results obtained in this work prompt the necessity of further investigating these kinds of hybrid assemblies as drug delivery systems because of their possible applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Estructuras Biosupramoleculares, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - José Robinson-Duggon
- Laboratorio de Estructuras Biosupramoleculares, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Anita Tapia
- Laboratorio de Estructuras Biosupramoleculares, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Constanza Paiva
- Laboratorio de Estructuras Biosupramoleculares, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Matías Gómez
- Laboratorio de Estructuras Biosupramoleculares, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Cornelia Bohne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Denis Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Estructuras Biosupramoleculares, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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8
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Blaudszun AR, Moldenhauer G, Schneider M, Philippi A. A photosensitizer delivered by bispecific antibody redirected T lymphocytes enhances cytotoxicity against EpCAM-expressing carcinoma cells upon light irradiation. J Control Release 2014; 197:58-68. [PMID: 25449805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently conducted clinical trials have provided impressive evidence that chemotherapy resistant metastatic melanoma and several hematological malignancies can be cured using adoptive T cell therapy or T cell-recruiting bispecific antibodies. However, a significant fraction of patients did not benefit from these treatments. Here we have evaluated the feasibility of a novel combination therapy which aims to further enhance the killing potential of bispecific antibody-redirected T lymphocytes by using these cells as targeted delivery system for photosensitizing agents. For a first in vitro proof-of-concept study, ex vivo activated human donor T cells were loaded with a poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS)-complex of the model photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (mTHPP). In the absence of light and when loading with the water-soluble PSS/mTHPP-complex occurred at a tolerable concentration, viability and cytotoxic function of loaded T lymphocytes were not impaired. When "drug-enhanced" T cells were co-cultivated with EpCAM-expressing human carcinoma cells, mTHPP was transferred to target cells. Notably, in the presence of a bispecific antibody, which cross-links effector and target cells thereby inducing the cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, significantly more photosensitizer was transferred. Consequently, upon irradiation of co-cultures, redirected drug-loaded T cells were more effective in killing A549 lung and SKOV-3 ovarian carcinoma cells than retargeted unloaded T lymphocytes. Particularly, the additive approach using redirected unloaded T cells in combination with appropriate amounts of separately applied PSS/mTHPP was less efficient as well. Thus, by loading T lymphocytes with a stimulus-sensitive anti-cancer drug, we were able to enhance the cytotoxic capacity of carrier cells. Photosensitizer boosted T cells could open new perspectives for adoptive T cell therapy as well as targeted photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André-René Blaudszun
- Environment and Bio Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Saarland University, Campus E7 1, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Moldenhauer
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps-University, Ketzerbach 63, Marburg D-35037, Germany
| | - Anja Philippi
- Environment and Bio Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Saarland University, Campus E7 1, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany
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