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Arafat M, Sakkal M, Bostanudin MF, Alhanbali OA, Yuvaraju P, Beiram R, Sadek B, Akour A, AbuRuz S. Enteric-coating film effect on the delayed drug release of pantoprazole gastro-resistant generic tablets. F1000Res 2023; 12:1325. [PMID: 38596002 PMCID: PMC11002526 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140607.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Enteric coating films in acidic labile tablets protect the drug molecule from the acidic environment of the stomach. However, variations in the excipients used in the coating formulation may affect their ability to provide adequate protection. This study is the first to investigate the potential effects of coating materials on the protective functionality of enteric coating films for pantoprazole (PNZ) generic tablets after their recall from the market. Methods: A comparative analysis was conducted between generic and branded PNZ products, using pure drug powder for identification. The in vitro release of the drug was evaluated in different pH media. The study also utilized various analytical and thermal techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and confocal Raman microscopy. Results: The in vitro assessment results revealed significant variations in the release profile for the generic product in acidic media at 120 min. DSC and TGA thermal profile analyses showed slight variation between the two products. XRD analysis exhibited a noticeable difference in peak intensity for the generic sample, while SEM revealed smaller particle sizes in the generic product. The obtained spectra profile for the generic product displayed significant variation in peaks and band intensity, possibly due to impurities. These findings suggest that the excipients used in the enteric coating film of the generic product may have affected its protective functionality, leading to premature drug release in acidic media. Additionally, the presence of polysorbate 80 (P-80) in the brand product might improve the properties of the enteric coating film due to its multi-functionality. Conclusions: In conclusion, the excipients used in the brand product demonstrated superior functionality in effectively protecting the drug molecule from acidic media through the enteric coating film, as compared to the generic version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Molham Sakkal
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Othman Abdulrahim Alhanbali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Akour
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salahdein AbuRuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Amman Governorate, 11942, Jordan
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Gupta KM, Chin X, Kanaujia P. Molecular Interactions between APIs and Enteric Polymeric Excipients in Solid Dispersion: Insights from Molecular Simulations and Experiments. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041164. [PMID: 37111649 PMCID: PMC10143979 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid dispersion of poorly soluble APIs is known to be a promising strategy to improve dissolution and oral bioavailability. To facilitate the development and commercialization of a successful solid dispersion formulation, understanding of intermolecular interactions between APIs and polymeric carriers is essential. In this work, first, we assessed the molecular interactions between various delayed-release APIs and polymeric excipients using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and then we formulated API solid dispersions using a hot melt extrusion (HME) technique. To assess the potential API–polymer pairs, three quantities were evaluated: (a) interaction energy between API and polymer [electrostatic (Ecoul), Lenard-Jones (ELJ), and total (Etotal)], (b) energy ratio (API–polymer/API–API), and (c) hydrogen bonding between API and polymer. The Etotal quantities corresponding to the best pairs: NPX-Eudragit L100, NaDLO–HPMC(P), DMF–HPMC(AS) and OPZ–HPMC(AS) were −143.38, −348.04, −110.42, and −269.43 kJ/mol, respectively. Using a HME experimental technique, few API–polymer pairs were successfully extruded. These extruded solid forms did not release APIs in a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) pH 1.2 environment but released them in a simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) pH 6.8 environment. The study demonstrates the compatibility between APIs and excipients, and finally suggests a potential polymeric excipient for each delayed-release API, which could facilitate the development of the solid dispersion of poorly soluble APIs for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M. Gupta
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Xavier Chin
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Parijat Kanaujia
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117559, Singapore
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dos Santos J, da Silva GS, Velho MC, Beck RCR. Eudragit ®: A Versatile Family of Polymers for Hot Melt Extrusion and 3D Printing Processes in Pharmaceutics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1424. [PMID: 34575500 PMCID: PMC8471576 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eudragit® polymers are polymethacrylates highly used in pharmaceutics for the development of modified drug delivery systems. They are widely known due to their versatility with regards to chemical composition, solubility, and swelling properties. Moreover, Eudragit polymers are thermoplastic, and their use has been boosted in some production processes, such as hot melt extrusion (HME) and fused deposition modelling 3D printing, among other 3D printing techniques. Therefore, this review covers the studies using Eudragit polymers in the development of drug delivery systems produced by HME and 3D printing techniques over the last 10 years. Eudragit E has been the most used among them, mostly to formulate immediate release systems or as a taste-masker agent. On the other hand, Eudragit RS and Eudragit L100-55 have mainly been used to produce controlled and delayed release systems, respectively. The use of Eudragit polymers in these processes has frequently been devoted to producing solid dispersions and/or to prepare filaments to be 3D printed in different dosage forms. In this review, we highlight the countless possibilities offered by Eudragit polymers in HME and 3D printing, whether alone or in blends, discussing their prominence in the development of innovative modified drug release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Guilherme Silveira da Silva
- Departamento de Produção e Controle de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil;
| | - Maiara Callegaro Velho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.); (M.C.V.)
- Departamento de Produção e Controle de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil;
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Kim DW, Weon KY. Pharmaceutical application and development of fixed-dose combination: dosage form review. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kissi EO, Nilsson R, Nogueira LP, Larsson A, Tho I. Influence of Drug Load on the Printability and Solid-State Properties of 3D-Printed Naproxen-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersion. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154492. [PMID: 34361646 PMCID: PMC8347219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused deposition modelling-based 3D printing of pharmaceutical products is facing challenges like brittleness and printability of the drug-loaded hot-melt extruded filament feedstock and stabilization of the solid-state form of the drug in the final product. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the drug load on printability and physical stability. The poor glass former naproxen (NAP) was hot-melt extruded with Kollidon® VA 64 at 10–30% w/w drug load. The extrudates (filaments) were characterised using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was confirmed that an amorphous solid dispersion was formed. A temperature profile was developed based on the results from TGA, DSC, and DMA and temperatures used for 3D printing were selected from the profile. The 3D-printed tablets were characterised using DSC, X-ray computer microtomography (XµCT), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). From the DSC and XRPD analysis, it was found that the drug in the 3D-printed tablets (20 and 30% NAP) was amorphous and remained amorphous after 23 weeks of storage (room temperature (RT), 37% relative humidity (RH)). This shows that adjusting the drug ratio can modulate the brittleness and improve printability without compromising the physical stability of the amorphous solid dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ofosu Kissi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box, 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (E.O.K.); (I.T.); Tel.: +47-2284-4455 (I.T.)
| | - Robin Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; (R.N.); (A.L.)
| | - Liebert Parreiras Nogueira
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box, 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Anette Larsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; (R.N.); (A.L.)
| | - Ingunn Tho
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box, 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (E.O.K.); (I.T.); Tel.: +47-2284-4455 (I.T.)
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Nogami S, Uchiyama H, Kadota K, Tozuka Y. Design of a pH-responsive oral gel formulation based on the matrix systems of gelatin/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate for controlled drug release. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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pH-Dependent Site Specific Dissolution Improvement by Expansion Isolation Layers in Erythromycin Enteric Coated Tablets. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Sarabu S, Bandari S, Kallakunta VR, Tiwari R, Patil H, Repka MA. An update on the contribution of hot-melt extrusion technology to novel drug delivery in the twenty-first century: part II. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:567-582. [PMID: 31046479 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1614912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interest in hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology for novel applications is growing day by day, which is evident from several hundred publications within the last 5 years. HME is a cost-effective, solvent free, 'green' technology utilized for various formulations with low investment costs compared to conventional technologies. HME has also earned the attention of the pharmaceutical industry by the transformation of this technology for application in continuous manufacturing. AREAS COVERED Part II of the review focuses on various novel opportunities or innovations of HME such as multiple component systems (co-crystals, co-amorphous systems and salts), twin-screw granulation, semi-solids, co-extrusion, abuse deterrent formulations, solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, chronotherapeutic drug delivery systems, and miscellaneous applications. EXPERT OPINION HME is being investigated as an alternative technology for preparation of multicomponent systems such as co-crystals and co-amorphous techniques. Twin-screw granulation has gained increased interest in preparation of granules via twin-screw melt granulation or twin-screw dry granulation. This novel application of the HME process provides a promising alternate approach in the formulation of granules and solid dosage forms. However, this technology may need to be further investigated for scalability aspects of these novel applications for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sarabu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Suresh Bandari
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Venkata Raman Kallakunta
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Roshan Tiwari
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Hemlata Patil
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA.,b Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology , The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
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9
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Mehanna MM, Shabarek MI, Elmaradny HA, Elmartadny HA. Spray-dried pH-sensitive microparticles: effectual methodology to ameliorate the bioavailability of acid labile pravastatin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 45:485-497. [PMID: 30575415 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1562465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pravastatin is a promising drug utilized in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, yet, its main clinical limitation is due to gastric liability which fractions its oral bioavailability to less than 18%. The purpose of the current study is to encapsulate pravastatin into Eudragit®-based spray-dried microparticles aspiring to overcome its acid liability. With the aim to optimize the microparticles, formulation and process parameters were studied through acid resistance challenging test. Physicochemical characterization of the optimized spray-dried pH-sensitive microparticles namely; in-vitro dissolution, surface morphology, compatibility, and solid-state studies were performed. Moreover, in-vivo evaluation of the microparticles and accelerated stability studies were carried out. The results outlined that polymer to drug ratio at 5:1 and pravastatin concentration at 1%w/w in spray-drying feed solution showed 38.55% and 53.97% encapsulation efficiency, respectively. The significance of process parameters specifically; the flow rate and the inlet temperature on microparticles surface integrity were observed, and optimized until encapsulating efficiency reached 72.37%. The scanning electron microscopical examination of the optimized microparticles illustrate uniform smooth surface spheres entrapping the drug in an amorphous state as proved through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transfer Infrared (FTIR) studies. The in-vivo evaluation demonstrated a 5-fold enhancement in pravastatin bioavailability compared to the marketed product. The results provided evidence for the significance of spray-dried pH-sensitive microparticles as a promising carrier for pravastatin, decreasing its acid liability, and improving its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Mehanna
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology Department , Beirut Arab University , Beirut , Lebanon.,b Faculty of Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy Department , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| | | | | | - Hoda A Elmartadny
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology Department , Beirut Arab University , Beirut , Lebanon
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Minecka A, Kaminska E, Tarnacka M, Grudzka-Flak I, Bartoszek M, Wolnica K, Dulski M, Kaminski K, Paluch M. Impact of Intermolecular Interactions, Dimeric Structures on the Glass Forming Ability of Naproxen, and a Series of Its Derivatives. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4764-4776. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Minecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School
of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Kaminska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School
of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tarnacka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Iwona Grudzka-Flak
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Mariola Bartoszek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kamila Wolnica
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dulski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Institute of Material Sciences, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Kamil Kaminski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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Kavanagh ON, Albadarin AB, Croker DM, Healy AM, Walker GM. Maximising success in multidrug formulation development: A review. J Control Release 2018; 283:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Censi R, Gigliobianco MR, Casadidio C, Di Martino P. Hot Melt Extrusion: Highlighting Physicochemical Factors to Be Investigated While Designing and Optimizing a Hot Melt Extrusion Process. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E89. [PMID: 29997332 PMCID: PMC6160992 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is a well-accepted and extensively studied method for preparing numerous types of drug delivery systems and dosage forms. It offers several advantages: no solvents are required, it is easy to scale up and employ on the industrial level, and, in particular, it offers the possibility of improving drug bioavailability. HME involves the mixing of a drug with one or more excipients, in general polymers and even plasticizers, which can melt, often forming a solid dispersion of the drug in the polymer. The molten mass is extruded and cooled, giving rise to a solid material with designed properties. This process, which can be realized using different kinds of special equipment, may involve modifications in the drug physicochemical properties, such as chemical, thermal and mechanical characteristics thus affecting the drug physicochemical stability and bioavailability. During process optimization, the evaluation of the drug solid state and stability is thus of paramount importance to guarantee stable drug properties for the duration of the drug product shelf life. This manuscript reviews the most important physicochemical factors that should be investigated while designing and optimizing a hot melt extrusion process, and by extension, during the different pre-formulation, formulation and process, and post-formulation phases. It offers a comprehensive evaluation of the chemical and thermal stability of extrudates, the solid physical state of extrudates, possible drug-polymer interactions, the miscibility/solubility of the drug-polymer system, the rheological properties of extrudates, the physicomechanical properties of films produced by hot melt extrusion, and drug particle dissolution from extrudates. It draws upon the last ten years of research, extending inquiry as broadly as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Censi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | | | - Cristina Casadidio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Piera Di Martino
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Melt extrusion with poorly soluble drugs - An integrated review. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:68-85. [PMID: 29102700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, hot melt extrusion (HME) has emerged as a successful technology for a broad spectrum of applications in the pharmaceutical industry. As indicated by multiple publications and patents, HME is mainly used for the enhancement of solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. This review is focused on the recent reports on the solubility enhancement via HME and provides an update for the manufacturing/scaling up aspects of melt extrusion. In addition, drug characterization methods and dissolution studies are discussed. The application of process analytical technology (PAT) tools and use of HME as a continuous manufacturing process may shorten the drug development process; as a result, the latter is becoming the most widely utilized technique in the pharmaceutical industry. The advantages, disadvantages, and practical applications of various PAT tools such as near and mid-infrared, ultraviolet/visible, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies are summarized, and the characteristics of other techniques are briefly discussed. Overall, this review also provides an outline for the currently marketed products and analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of HME application in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Eder S, Beretta M, Witschnigg A, Koutsamanis I, Eggenreich K, Khinast JG, Koscher G, Paudel A, Nickisch K, Friedrich M, Froehlich E, Roblegg E. Establishment of a Molding Procedure to Facilitate Formulation Development for Co-extrudates. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2971-2976. [PMID: 28462464 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-extrusion offers a number of advantages over conventional manufacturing techniques. However, the setup of a co-extrusion line is cost- and time-intense and formulation development is challenging. This work introduces a novel procedure to test the applicability of a co-extruded reservoir-type system at an early product development stage. We propose vacuum compression molding (VCM), a fast procedure that requires only small material amounts, for the manufacturing of cylindrical reservoir-type system. To this end, the commercially available co-extruded product NuvaRing® and variations thereof were used as test systems. All VCM systems showed a homogeneous skin thickness that adhered well to the core, thereby providing a precise core/skin interface. As drug release is a key criterion for pharmaceutical products, a modified in vitro dissolution method was set up to test the VCM systems. The drug release from the VCM systems was in the same order of magnitude as the corresponding co-extruded strands and followed the same release kinetics. Moreover, the VCM systems were capable of indicating the relative effect of formulation-related modifications on drug release. Overall, this shows that this system is a powerful tool that facilitates formulation tailoring and co-extrusion process setup at the earliest stage.
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Leung CY, Trementozzi AN, Lin Y, Xu J, Irdam E, MacPhee JM, He M, Karki SB, Boulas P, Zawaneh PN. Enteric coating of micron-size drug particles through a Würster fluid-bed process. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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