1
|
Lee PC, Li CZ, Lu CT, Zhao MH, Lai SM, Liao MH, Peng CL, Liu HT, Lai PS. Microcurrent Cloth-Assisted Transdermal Penetration and Follicular Ducts Escape of Curcumin-Loaded Micelles for Enhanced Wound Healing. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:8077-8097. [PMID: 38164267 PMCID: PMC10758166 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s440034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Larger nanoparticles of bioactive compounds deposit high concentrations in follicular ducts after skin penetration. In this study, we investigated the effects of microcurrent cloth on the skin penetration and translocation of large nanoparticle applied for wound repair applications. Methods A self-assembly of curcumin-loaded micelles (CMs) was prepared to improve the water solubility and transdermal efficiency of curcumin. Microcurrent cloth (M) was produced by Zn/Ag electrofabric printing to facilitate iontophoretic transdermal delivery. The transdermal performance of CMs combined with M was evaluated by a transdermal system and confocal microscopy. The CMs/iontophoretic combination effects on nitric oxide (NO) production and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in Raw 264.7 cells. The wound-healing property of the combined treatment was assessed in a surgically created full-thickness circular wound mouse model. Results Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Zn/Ag on the microcurrent cloth. The average potential of M was measured to be +214.6 mV in PBS. Large particle CMs (CM-L) prepared using surfactant/cosurfactant present a particle size of 142.9 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.319. The solubility of curcumin in CM-L was 2143.67 μg/mL, indicating 250-fold higher than native curcumin (8.68 μg/mL). The combined treatment (CM-L+M) demonstrated a significant ability to inhibit NO production and increase IL-6 and IL-10 secretion. Surprisingly, microcurrent application significantly improved 20.01-fold transdermal performance of curcumin in CM-L with an obvious escape of CM-L from follicular ducts to surrounding observed by confocal microscopy. The CM-L+M group also exhibited a better wound-closure rate (77.94% on day 4) and the regenerated collagen intensity was approximately 2.66-fold higher than the control group, with a closure rate greater than 90% on day 8 in vivo. Conclusion Microcurrent cloth play as a promising iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery accelerator that enhances skin penetration and assists CMs to escape from follicular ducts for wound repair applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chi Lee
- xTrans Corporate Research and Innovation Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cun-Zhao Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Te Lu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Han Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Syu-Ming Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hua Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Isotope Application Division, National Atomic Research Institute, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tung Liu
- xTrans Corporate Research and Innovation Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Zhang Q, Du J, Zhu T, Chen D, Liu F, Dong Y. Nanofibers with homogeneous heparin distribution and protracted release profile for vascular tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1187914. [PMID: 37425354 PMCID: PMC10324977 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1187914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In clinic, controlling acute coagulation after small-diameter vessel grafts transplantation is considered a primary problem. The combination of heparin with high anticoagulant efficiency and polyurethane fiber with good compliance is a good choice for vascular materials. However, blending water-soluble heparin with fat-soluble poly (ester-ether-urethane) urea elastomer (PEEUU) uniformly and preparing nanofibers tubular grafts with uniform morphology is a huge challenge. In this research, we have compounded PEEUU with optimized constant concentration of heparin by homogeneous emulsion blending, then spun into the hybrid PEEUU/heparin nanofibers tubular graft (H-PHNF) for replacing rats' abdominal aorta in situ for comprehensive performance evaluation. The in vitro results demonstrated that H-PHNF was of uniform microstructure, moderate wettability, matched mechanical properties, reliable cytocompatibility, and strongest ability to promote endothelial growth. Replacement of resected abdominal artery with the H-PHNF in rat showed that the graft was capable of homogeneous hybrid heparin and significantly promoted the stabilization of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) as well as stabilizing the blood microenvironment. This research demonstrates the H-PHNF with substantial patency, indicating their potential for vascular tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Afffliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilu Zhang
- School of Textiles and Fashion, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Tonghe Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Afffliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Dian Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feiying Liu
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Afffliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han W, Liu F, Liu G, Li H, Xu Y, Sun S. Research progress of physical transdermal enhancement techniques in tumor therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3339-3359. [PMID: 36815500 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06219d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The advancement and popularity of transdermal drug delivery (TDD) based on the physical transdermal enhancement technique (PTET) has opened a new paradigm for local tumor treatment. The drug can be directly delivered to the tumor site through the skin, thus avoiding the toxic side effects caused by the first-pass effect and achieving high patient compliance. Further development of PTETs has provided many options for antitumor drugs and laid the foundation for future applications of wearable closed-loop targeting drug delivery systems. In this highlight, the different types of PTETs and related mechanisms, and applications of PTET-related tumor detection and therapy are highlighted. According to their type and characteristics, PTETs are categorized as follows: (1) iontophoresis, (2) electroporation, (3) ultrasound, (4) thermal ablation, and (5) microneedles. PTET-related applications in the local treatment of tumors are categorized as follows: (1) melanoma, (2) breast tumor, (3) squamous cell carcinoma, (4) cervical tumor, and (5) others. The challenges and future prospects of existing PTETs are also discussed. This highlight will provide guidance for the design of PTET-based wearable closed-loop targeting drug delivery systems and personalized therapy for tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Fengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Guoxin Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yongqian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jillani U, Mudassir J, Ijaz QA, Latif S, Qamar N, Aleem A, Ali E, Abbas K, Wazir MA, Hussain A, Abbas N, Arshad MS. Design and Characterization of Agarose/HPMC Buccal Films Bearing Ondansetron HCl In Vitro and In Vivo: Enhancement Using Iontophoretic and Chemical Approaches. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1662194. [PMID: 35372569 PMCID: PMC8975656 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1662194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed at designing and characterizing the ondansetron hydrochloride (OND) bearing agarose (AG), and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) mucoadhesive buccal films employing glycerol as a plasticizer. The buccal delivery of ondansetron hydrochloride was remarkably boosted by employing physical (iontophoresis) and chemical enhancement approaches (chemical penetration enhancers). To explore the influence of different formulation components, i.e., agarose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), and glycerol on various evaluating parameters, i.e., tensile strength, swelling index, ex vivo mucoadhesion time, and subsequently on in vitro drug release, a D-optimal design was opted. A buccal film bearing OND was mounted on bovine buccal mucosa for ex vivo permeation studies and impact of chemical and physical enhancement techniques on the permeation profile was also analysed. A linear release profile was revealed in in vitro drug release of OND over 60 minutes and outcomes ascertained the direct relationship between HPMC content and in vitro drug release and inverse relationship was depicted by AG content. The FTIR and DSC thermal analysis was executed to determine the physicochemical interactions and results exposed no chemical interactions between drug and polymers. The drug (OND) appeared as tiny crystals on smooth film surface during scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. A notable enhancement in permeation flux, i.e., 761.02 μg/min of OND during ex vivo permeation studies was witnessed after the application of current (0.5-1 mA) without any time lag and with enhancement ratio of 3.107. A time lag of 15 minutes, 19 minutes, and 26 minutes with permeation flux of 475.34 μg/min, 399.35 μg/min, and 244.81 μg/min was observed after chemical enhancer pretreatment with propylene glycol, Tween 80, and passive, respectively. Rabbit was employed as the experimental animal for pharmacokinetic studies (in vivo) and cats for pharmacological activity (in vivo), and the results illustrated the enhanced bioavailablity (2.88 times) in the iontophoresis animal group when compared with the rabbits of control group. Likewise, a remarkable reduction in emesis events was recorded in cats of iontophoresis group. Conclusively, the histopathological examinations on excised buccal mucosa unveiled no severe necrotic or cytopathetic outcomes of current.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umair Jillani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jahanzeb Mudassir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Qazi Amir Ijaz
- Akson College of Pharmacy, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Latif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore college for women university, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Qamar
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Aleem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ejaz Ali
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khizar Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Amjad Hussain
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Abbas
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, An Q, Dong H, Fu H, Zhang H, Zhang S, Tong W. Bifunctional Self‐Powered Drug Delivery System to Promote the Release and Transdermal Delivery of Polar Molecules. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China
| | - Qi An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China
| | - Hong Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Beijing University of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Han Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Beijing University of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China
| | - Wangshu Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang Q, Zhong W, Xu L, Li H, Yan Q, She Y, Yang G. Recent progress of 3D-printed microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 593:120106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
7
|
Ghimirey KB, Ita K. Microneedle-Assisted Percutaneous Transport of Magnesium Sulfate. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:140-147. [PMID: 31845631 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666191217093936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In vitro diffusion experiments were performed to assess the permeation of magnesium sulfate across pig skin. METHODS The mean thickness of the dermatomed porcine skin was 648 ± 12 µm. Magnesium concentration was measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Transdermal flux of magnesium sulfate across MN-treated and untreated porcine skin was obtained from the slope of the steady-state linear portion of cumulative amount versus time curve. RESULTS Statistical analysis of the results was done with Student's t-test. The transdermal flux of magnesium sulfate across microneedle-treated porcine skin was 134.19 ± 2.4 µg/cm2/h and transdermal flux across untreated porcine skin was 4.64 ± 0.05 µg/cm2/h. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize the microchannels created by a solid microneedle roller (500 µm). CONCLUSION From our confocal microscopy studies, it was evident that the 500 μm long microneedles disrupted the stratum corneum and created microchannels measuring 191 ± 37 µm. The increase in transdermal flux across the microneedle-treated skin was statistically significant compared to that of controls, i.e., without the application of microneedles. With the application of microneedles, the transdermal flux of magnesium permeated over 12 h was approximately 33-fold higher in comparison to passive diffusion across an intact stratum corneum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karna B Ghimirey
- College of Pharmacy Touro University, Mare Island-Vallejo California, CA 94592, United States
| | - Kevin Ita
- College of Pharmacy Touro University, Mare Island-Vallejo California, CA 94592, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Modulated delivery of donepezil using a combination of skin microporation and iontophoresis. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
9
|
Ita K, Ashong S. Percutaneous Delivery of Antihypertensive Agents: Advances and Challenges. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:56. [PMID: 31909450 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension remains a significant risk factor for several cardiovascular disorders including coronary artery disease and heart failure. Despite the large armamentarium of drugs available for the management of high blood pressure, low oral availability is an ongoing challenge. Researchers are constantly developing alternative drug delivery systems. This review focuses on the transcutaneous delivery of antihypertensive agents. The use of diverse technologies for the delivery of specific antihypertensive agents is emphasized. The advances made and the challenges encountered are highlighted. Several transdermal drug delivery strategies are employed for the transport of this group of therapeutic agents across the skin and the most widely used techniques include microneedles, iontophoresis, sonophoresis, and chemical penetration enhancers. Each of these methods has benefits and limitations, and there are ongoing attempts by scientists to address the shortcomings. For instance, skin irritation continues to be a major challenge with iontophoretic transport while the quantity of a medication that can be incorporated into dissolving microneedles is limited. With skin permeation enhancers, concerns relating to cytotoxicity and irritation are common. Even though the use of ultrasound is exciting, this mode of delivery is also accompanied by challenges such as the design of a battery system that is potent enough to drive a low-frequency sonophoretic cymbal array, while still being portable enough to function as a wearable device. Although most researchers report enhanced drug delivery with the aforementioned methods, it is important to deliver therapeutically useful doses of these medications.
Collapse
|
10
|
Poh Y, Ng S, Ho K. Formulation and characterisation of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate-in-oil microemulsions as the potential vehicle for drug delivery across the skin barrier. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
11
|
Luu E, Ita KB, Morra MJ, Popova IE. The Influence of Microneedles on the Percutaneous Penetration of Selected Antihypertensive Agents: Diltiazem Hydrochloride and Perindopril Erbumine. Curr Drug Deliv 2018; 15:1449-1458. [PMID: 30058488 PMCID: PMC6340158 DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666180730125941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well documented in the scientific literature that high blood pressure can lead to cardiovascular disease. Untreated hypertension has clinical consequences such as coronary artery disease, stroke or kidney failure. Diltiazem hydrochloride (DH), a calcium-channel blocker, and perindopril erbumine (PE), an inhibitor of the angiotensin converting enzyme are used for the management of hypertension. OBJECTIVE This project will examine the effect of microneedle rollers on the transport of DH and PE across pig ear skin. The use of the transcutaneous route of administration reduces and in sometimes eliminates the trauma and pain associated with injections. Furthermore, there is increased patient compliance. The purpose of this project was to study the effect of stainless steel microneedles on the transdermal delivery of DH and PE. METHOD We utilized vertical Franz diffusion cells to study in vitro transport of DH and PE across microneedle- treated pig ear skin. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to characterize microchannel depth. Transdermal flux values were determined from the slope of the linear portion of the cumulative amount versus time curve. RESULTS There was a 113.59-fold increase in the transdermal permeation of DH following the application of microneedle roller compared to passive diffusion. CONCLUSION In the case of PE, there was an 11.99-fold increase in the drug transport across pig skin following the application of microneedle rollers in comparison with passive diffusion. Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney's rank sum test were used to determine statistically significant differences between experimental and control groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Luu
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Mare Island-Vallejo, CA, United States
| | - Kevin B Ita
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Mare Island-Vallejo, CA, United States
| | - Matthew J Morra
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, ID 83844-2339, United States
| | - Inna E Popova
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, ID 83844-2339, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ita K. Percutaneous penetration of anticancer agents: Past, present and future. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1428-1439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
13
|
Thoenes M, Minguet J, Bramlage K, Bramlage P, Ferrero C. Betrixaban – the next direct factor Xa inhibitor? Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:1111-1117. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2016.1256194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
14
|
Ita K. Recent trends in the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents used for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. J Drug Target 2016; 25:406-419. [PMID: 27701893 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1245310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing proportion of the global geriatric population, it becomes obvious that neurodegenerative diseases will become more widespread. From an epidemiological standpoint, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic agents for the management of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders. An important approach in this regard involves the use of the transdermal route. With transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), it is possible to modulate the pharmacokinetic profiles of these medications and improve patient compliance. Transdermal drug delivery has also been shown to be useful for drugs with short half-life and low or unpredictable bioavailability. In this review, several transdermal drug delivery enhancement technologies are being discussed in relation to the delivery of medications used for the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ita
- a College of Pharmacy, Touro University , Mare Island-Vallejo , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ita
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University, Mare Island-Vallejo, California, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|