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Sharma A, Cazade P, Khamar D, Hayden A, Thompson D, Hughes H. On the role of excipients in biopharmaceuticals manufacture: Modelling-guided formulation identifies the protective effect of arginine hydrochloride excipient on spray-dried Olipudase alfa recombinant protein. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124466. [PMID: 39009288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals are labile biomolecules that must be safeguarded to ensure the safety, quality, and efficacy of the product. Batch freeze-drying is an established means of manufacturing solid biopharmaceuticals but alternative technologies such as spray-drying may be more suitable for continuous manufacturing of inhalable biopharmaceuticals. Here we assessed the feasibility of spray-drying Olipudase alfa, a novel parenteral therapeutic enzyme, by evaluating some of its critical quality attributes (CQAs) in a range of excipients, namely, trehalose, arginine (Arg), and arginine hydrochloride (Arg-HCl) in the sucrose/methionine base formulation. The Arg-HCl excipient produced the best gain in CQAs of spray-dried Olipudase with a 63% reduction in reconstitution time and 83% reduction in the optical density of the solution. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the atomic-scale mechanism of the protein-excipient interactions, substantiating the experimental results. The Arg-HCl effect was explained by the calculated thermal stability and structural order of the protein wherein Arg-HCl acted as a crowding agent to suppress protein aggregation and promote stabilization of Olipudase post-spray-drying. Therefore, by rational selection of appropriate excipients, our experimental and modelling dataset confirms spray-drying is a promising technology for the manufacture of Olipudase and demonstrates the potential to accelerate development of continuous manufacturing of parenteral biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), South East Technological University (SETU), Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91K0EK, Ireland
| | - Pierre Cazade
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Dikshitkumar Khamar
- Sanofi, Manufacturing Science, Analytics and Technology (MSAT), IDA Industrial Park Waterford, X91TP27, Ireland
| | - Ambrose Hayden
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), South East Technological University (SETU), Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91K0EK, Ireland
| | - Damien Thompson
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Helen Hughes
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), South East Technological University (SETU), Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91K0EK, Ireland.
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2
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Adibi L, Yaghmaei P, Maghami P, Ebrahim-Habibi A. Phenylalanine as an effective stabilizer and aggregation inhibitor of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase. AMB Express 2024; 14:69. [PMID: 38850460 PMCID: PMC11162409 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aromatic compounds are known anti-amyloid aggregates. Their effect on amorphous aggregates of proteins is, however, less studied. We chose aromatic amino acids Trp, Tyr, and Phe, as well as another known stabilizer (i.e. Arg), as potential compatible solvents to be tested on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase (BAA). Among these additives, Phe was the only one to be effective on the thermal inactivation and amorphous aggregation of BAA, while preserving its intrinsic activity. A concentration of 50 mM Phe was used to test its potential in counteracting the deleterious effect of BAA amorphous aggregates in vivo. After 21 days of daily subcutaneous injections of the native enzyme to mice, amorphous aggregates of BAA, as well as aggregates produced in presence of 50 mM Phe, the tissues located at the site of injection were studied histologically. Amorphous aggregates caused an increase in macrophages and lipid droplets. Serum levels of IL6 and TNF-α were also accordingly elevated and indicative of an inflammation state. Aggregates also resulted into increased levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT. On the other hand, the presence of Phe prevented this exacerbated inflammatory state and the subsequent impairment of biochemical parameters. In conclusion, Phe is an interesting compound for both stabilizing proteins and counteracting the pathological effect of amorphous aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Adibi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, North Sattaree Avenue, 1477893855, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, North Sattaree Avenue, 1477893855, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvaneh Maghami
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, North Sattaree Avenue, 1477893855, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Jalal-al-Ahmad Street, Chamran Highway, 1411713137, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411713137, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Nishimura A, Tanahashi R, Nakagami K, Morioka Y, Takagi H. The arginine transporter Can1 negatively regulates biofilm formation in yeasts. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1419530. [PMID: 38903792 PMCID: PMC11188447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1419530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The arginine transporter Can1 is a multifunctional protein of the conventional yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Apart from facilitating arginine uptake, Can1 plays a pivotal role in regulating proline metabolism and maintaining cellular redox balance. Here, we report a novel function of Can1 in the control of yeast biofilm formation. First, the S. cerevisiae CAN1 gene knockout strain displayed a significant growth delay compared to the wild-type strain. Our genetic screening revealed that the slow growth of the CAN1 knockout strain is rescued by a functional deficiency of the FLO8 gene, which encodes the master transcription factor associated with biofilm formation, indicating that Can1 is involved in biofilm formation. Intriguingly, the CAN1 knockout strain promoted the Flo11-dependent aggregation, leading to higher biofilm formation. Furthermore, the CAN1 knockout strain of the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata exhibited slower growth and higher biofilm formation, similar to S. cerevisiae. More importantly, the C. glabrata CAN1 gene knockout strain showed severe toxicity to macrophage-like cells and nematodes. The present results could help to elucidate both the molecular mechanism underlying yeast biofilm formation and the role it plays. Future investigations may offer insights that contribute to development of antibiofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nishimura
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryoya Tanahashi
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kazuki Nakagami
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuto Morioka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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4
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Ng YK, Konermann L. Mechanism of Protein Aggregation Inhibition by Arginine: Blockage of Anionic Side Chains Favors Unproductive Encounter Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8394-8406. [PMID: 38477601 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Aggregation refers to the assembly of proteins into nonphysiological higher order structures. While amyloid has been studied extensively, much less is known about amorphous aggregation, a process that interferes with protein expression and storage. Free arginine (Arg+) is a widely used aggregation inhibitor, but its mechanism remains elusive. Focusing on myoglobin (Mb), we recently applied atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for gaining detailed insights into amorphous aggregation (Ng J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125, 13099). Building on that approach, the current work for the first time demonstrates that MD simulations can directly elucidate aggregation inhibition mechanisms. Comparative simulations with and without Arg+ reproduced the experimental finding that Arg+ significantly decreased the Mb aggregation propensity. Our data reveal that, without Arg+, protein-protein encounter complexes readily form salt bridges and hydrophobic contacts, culminating in firmly linked dimeric aggregation nuclei. Arg+ promotes the dissociation of encounter complexes. These "unproductive" encounter complexes are favored because Arg+ binding to D- and E- lowers the tendency of these anionic residues to form interprotein salt bridges. Side chain blockage is mediated largely by the guanidinium group of Arg+, which binds carboxylates through H-bond-reinforced ionic contacts. Our MD data revealed Arg+ self-association into a dynamic quasi-infinite network, but we found no evidence that this self-association is important for protein aggregation inhibition. Instead, aggregation inhibition by Arg+ is similar to that mediated by free guanidinium ions. The computational strategy used here should be suitable for the rational design of aggregation inhibitors with enhanced potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Ki Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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5
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Lieu R, Chao G, Kennedy E, Sauder JM, Narayanasamy P, Pustilnik A, Thangaraju A, Ho C, Pedroza MJ, Ruiz D, Yang X. Difficult-to-express antigen generation through a co-expression and disassociation methodology. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3416. [PMID: 38093578 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular domain (ECD) antigens are crucial components for antibody discovery, in vitro assays, and epitope mapping during therapeutical antibody development. Oftentimes, those antigens are difficult to produce while retaining the biologic function/activity upon extracellular secretion in commonly used expression systems. We have developed an effective method to cope with the challenge of generating quality antigen ECDs. In this method, a monoclonal antibody (Mab) or antibody fragment antigen-binding (Fab) region acts as a "chaperone" to stabilize the antigen ECD through forming an antibody:antigen complex. This methodology includes transient co-expression of the complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells and then dissociation of the purified complex into individual components by low pH treatment in the presence of arginine. The antigen is then separated from the chaperone on a preparative size exclusion chromatography (pSEC) followed by an optional affinity chromatography process to remove residual Mab or Fab. We demonstrate this co-expression/disassociation methodology on two difficult-to-express antigen ECDs from cluster-of-differentiation/cytokine family and were successful in producing stable, biologically active antigens when the common methods using Histidine-tagged and/or Fc-fused protein failed. This can be applied as a general approach for antigen production if a Mab or binding partner is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Lieu
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Grace Chao
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Emma Kennedy
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - J Michael Sauder
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Prabakaran Narayanasamy
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Anna Pustilnik
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Adithi Thangaraju
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Carolyn Ho
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mariah J Pedroza
- Lilly On-site Support, Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories PSS, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana Ruiz
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, USA
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6
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Nishimura A, Tanahashi R, Nakagami K, Morioka Y, Takagi H. Identification of an arginine transporter in Candida glabrata. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2024; 69:229-233. [PMID: 37005249 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Arginine is a proteinogenic amino acid that organisms additionally exploit both for nitrogen storage and as a stress protectant. The location of arginine, whether intra- or extracellular, is important in maintaining physiological homeostasis. Here, we identified an arginine transporter ortholog of the emerging fungal pathogenic Candida glabrata. Blast searches revealed that the C. glabrata genome contains two potential orthologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae arginine transporter gene CAN1 (CAGL0J08162g and CAGL0J08184g). We then found that CAGL0J08162g is stably located on the plasma membrane and performs cellular uptake of arginine. Moreover, CAGL0J08162-disrupted cells of C. glabrata showed a partial resistance to canavanine, a toxic analog of arginine. Our data suggest that CAGL0J08162g is a key arginine transporter in the pathogenic C. glabrata (CgCan1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nishimura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Ryoya Tanahashi
- Division for Research Strategy, Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis
| | - Kazuki Nakagami
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Yuto Morioka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
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7
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Gupta MN, Uversky VN. Biological importance of arginine: A comprehensive review of the roles in structure, disorder, and functionality of peptides and proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128646. [PMID: 38061507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Arginine shows Jekyll and Hyde behavior in several respects. It participates in protein folding via ionic and H-bonds and cation-pi interactions; the charge and hydrophobicity of its side chain make it a disorder-promoting amino acid. Its methylation in histones; RNA binding proteins; chaperones regulates several cellular processes. The arginine-centric modifications are important in oncogenesis and as biomarkers in several cardiovascular diseases. The cross-links involving arginine in collagen and cornea are involved in pathogenesis of tissues but have also been useful in tissue engineering and wound-dressing materials. Arginine is a part of active site of several enzymes such as GTPases, peroxidases, and sulfotransferases. Its metabolic importance is obvious as it is involved in production of urea, NO, ornithine and citrulline. It can form unusual functional structures such as molecular tweezers in vitro and sprockets which engage DNA chains as part of histones in vivo. It has been used in design of cell-penetrating peptides as drugs. Arginine has been used as an excipient in both solid and injectable drug formulations; its role in suppressing opalescence due to liquid-liquid phase separation is particularly very promising. It has been known as a suppressor of protein aggregation during protein refolding. It has proved its usefulness in protein bioseparation processes like ion-exchange, hydrophobic and affinity chromatographies. Arginine is an amino acid, whose importance in biological sciences and biotechnology continues to grow in diverse ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munishwar Nath Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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8
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Hada S, Burlakoti U, Kim KH, Han JS, Kim MJ, Kim NA, Jeong SH. A comprehensive evaluation of arginine and its derivatives as protein formulation stabilizers. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123545. [PMID: 37871869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Arginine and its derivatives (such as arginine ethyl ester and acetyl arginine) have varying degrees of protein aggregation suppressor effect across different protein solutions. To understand this performance ambiguity, we evaluated the activity of arginine, acetyl arginine, and arginine ethyl ester for aggregation suppressor effect against human intravenous immunoglobulin G (IgG) solution at pH 4.8. Both arginine and its cationic derivative arginine ethyl ester in their hydrochloride salt forms significantly reduced the colloidal and conformational stability (reduced kd and Tm) of IgG. Consequently, the monomer content was decreased with an increase in subvisible particulates after agitation or thermal stress. Furthermore, compared to arginine, arginine ethyl ester with one more cationic charge and hydrochloride salt form readily precipitated IgG at temperatures higher than 25 °C. On the contrary, acetyl arginine, which mostly exists in a neutral state at pH 4.8, efficiently suppressed the formation of subvisible particles retaining a high amount of monomer owing to its higher colloidal and conformational stability. Concisely, the charged state of additives significantly impacts protein stability. This study demonstrated that contrary to popular belief, arginine and its derivatives may either enhance or suppress protein aggregation depending on their net charge and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavron Hada
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Urmila Burlakoti
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Soo Han
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Ah Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Eilts F, Harsy YMJ, Lothert K, Pagallies F, Amann R, Wolff MW. An investigation of excipients for a stable Orf viral vector formulation. Virus Res 2023; 336:199213. [PMID: 37657509 PMCID: PMC10495626 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The Orf virus (ORFV) is a promising candidate for vector vaccines as well as for immunomodulatory and oncolytic therapies. However, few publications are available on its infectivity degradation or on suitable additives for prolonging its viral stability. In this study, the non-supplemented ORFV itself showed a very high stability at storage temperatures up to 28 °C, with a linear titer loss of 0.10 log infectious particles per day at 4 °C over a period of five weeks. To prolong this inherent stability, thirty additives, i.e., detergents, sugars, proteins, salts, and buffers as well as amino acids, were tested for their time- and temperature-dependent influence on the ORFV infectivity. A stabilizing effect on the infectivity was identified for the addition of all tested proteins, i.e., gelatine, bovine serum albumin, and recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA), of several sugars, i.e., mannitol, galactose, sucrose, and trehalose, of amino acids, i.e., arginine and proline, of the detergent Pluronic F68, and of the salt Na2SO4. The infectivity preservation was especially pronounced for proteins in liquid and frozen formulations, sugars in frozen state, and arginine und Pluronic in liquid formulations at high storage temperatures (37 °C). The addition of 1% rHSA with and without 5% sucrose was evaluated as a very stable formulation with a high safety profile and economic validity at storage temperatures up to 28 °C. At increased temperatures, the supplementation with 200 mM arginine performed better than with rHSA. In summary, this comprehensive data provides different options for a stable ORFV formulation, considering temperature, storage time, economic aspects, and downstream processing integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Eilts
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, Giessen 35390, Germany
| | - Yasmina M J Harsy
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, Giessen 35390, Germany
| | - Keven Lothert
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, Giessen 35390, Germany
| | - Felix Pagallies
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Ralf Amann
- Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tuebingen 72076, Germany; PRiME Vector Technologies, Herrenberger Straße 24, Tuebingen 72070, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Wiesenstr.14, Giessen 35390, Germany.
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Kieu Doan TN, Croyle MA. Physical characteristics and stability profile of recombinant plasmid DNA within a film matrix. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 190:270-283. [PMID: 37567395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmids are essential source material for production of biological drugs, vaccines and vectors for gene therapy. They are commonly formulated as frozen solutions. Considering the cost associated with maintenance of cold chain conditions during storage and transport, there is a significant need for alternative methods for stabilization of plasmids at ambient temperature. The objective of these studies was to identify a film-based formulation that preserved transfection efficiency of plasmids at 25 °C. A model plasmid, pAAVlacZ, was used for these studies. Transfection efficiency and agarose gel electrophoresis were utilized to assess bioactivity and changes in physical conformation of plasmid during storage. An amino acid, capable of sustaining a positive charge while supporting an alkaline environment within the film matrix, preserved transfection efficiency for 9 months at 25 °C. Addition of sugar and a plasticizer to the formulation preserved the plasmid in an amorphous state and improved handling properties of the film. The manner in which excipients were incorporated into bulk formulations and environmental humidity in which films were stored significantly impacted transfection efficiency of plasmid in the rehydrated solution. Taken together, these results suggest that plasmids can be stored for extended periods of time without refrigeration within a film matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen Kieu Doan
- The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Maria A Croyle
- The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX 78712, United States; John R. LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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11
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Bajrovic I, Croyle MA. Challenges in vaccine transport: can we deliver without the cold chain? Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:933-936. [PMID: 37861215 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2273901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irnela Bajrovic
- Jurata Thin Film, Chief Scientific Officer, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria A Croyle
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
- John R. LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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12
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Recent progress in drying technologies for improving the stability and delivery efficiency of biopharmaceuticals. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2023; 53:35-57. [PMID: 36568503 PMCID: PMC9768793 DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Most biopharmaceuticals are developed in liquid dosage forms that are less stable than solid forms. To ensure the stability of biopharmaceuticals, it is critical to use an effective drying technique in the presence of an appropriate stabilizing excipient. Various drying techniques are available for this purpose, such as freeze drying or lyophilization, spray drying, spray freeze-drying, supercritical fluid drying, particle replication in nonwetting templates, and fluidized bed drying. Area covered In this review, we discuss drying technologies and their applications in the production of stable solid-state biopharmaceuticals, providing examples of commercially available products or clinical trial formulations. Alongside this, we also review how different analytical methods may be utilized in the evaluation of aerosol performance and powder characteristics of dried protein powders. Finally, we assess the protein integrity in terms of conformational and physicochemical stability and biological activity. Expert opinion With the aim of treating either infectious respiratory diseases or systemic disorders, inhaled biopharmaceuticals reduce both therapeutic dose and cost of therapy. Drying methods in the presence of optimized protein/stabilizer combinations, produce solid dosage forms of proteins with greater stability. A suitable drying method was chosen, and the process parameters were optimized based on the route of protein administration. With the ongoing trend of addressing deficiencies in biopharmaceutical production, developing new methods to replace conventional drying methods, and investigating novel excipients for more efficient stabilizing effects, these products have the potential to dominate the pharmaceutical industry in the future.
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13
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Encapsulation of Bromelain in Combined Sodium Alginate and Amino Acid Carriers: Experimental Design of Simplex-Centroid Mixtures for Digestibility Evaluation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196364. [PMID: 36234901 PMCID: PMC9570880 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromelain has potential as an analgesic, an anti-inflammatory, and in cancer treatments. Despite its therapeutic effects, this protein undergoes denaturation when administered orally. Microencapsulation processes have shown potential in protein protection and as controlled release systems. Thus, this paper aimed to develop encapsulating systems using sodium alginate as a carrier material and positively charged amino acids as stabilizing agents for the controlled release of bromelain in in vitro tests. The systems were produced from the experimental design of centroid simplex mixtures. Characterizations were performed by FTIR showing that bromelain was encapsulated in all systems. XRD analyses showed that the systems are semi-crystalline solids and through SEM analysis the morphology of the formed systems followed a pattern of rough microparticles. The application of statistical analysis showed that the systems presented behavior that can be evaluated by quadratic and special cubic models, with a p-value < 0.05. The interaction between amino acids and bromelain/alginate was evaluated, and free bromelain showed a reduction of 74.0% in protein content and 23.6% in enzymatic activity at the end of gastric digestion. Furthermore, a reduction of 91.6% of protein content and 65.9% of enzymatic activity was observed at the end of intestinal digestion. The Lis system showed better interaction due to the increased stability of bromelain in terms of the amount of proteins (above 63% until the end of the intestinal phase) and the enzymatic activity of 89.3%. Thus, this study proposes the development of pH-controlled release systems aiming at increasing the stability and bioavailability of bromelain in intestinal systems.
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Kim NA, Noh GY, Hada S, Na KJ, Yoon HJ, Park KW, Park YM, Jeong SH. Enhanced protein aggregation suppressor activity of N-acetyl-l-arginine for agitation-induced aggregation with silicone oil and its impact on innate immune responses. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:42-51. [PMID: 35779650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previously, N-acetyl-l-arginine (NALA) suppressed the aggregation of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) more effectively and with a minimum decrease in transition temperature (Tm) than arginine monohydrochloride. In this study, we performed a comparative study with etanercept (commercial product: Enbrel®), where 25 mM arginine monohydrochloride (arginine) was added to the prefilled syringe. The biophysical properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and flow-imaging microscopy (FI). NALA retained the transition temperature of etanercept better than arginine, where arginine significantly reduced the Tm by increasing its concentration. End-over-end rotation was applied to each formulation for 5 days to accelerate protein aggregation and subvisible particle formation. Higher monomeric content was retained with NALA with a decrease in particle level. Higher aggregation onset temperature (Tagg) was detected for etanercept with NALA than arginine. The results of this comparative study were consistent with previous study, suggesting that NALA could be a better excipient for liquid protein formulations. Agitated IVIG and etanercept were injected into C57BL/6 J female mice to observe immunogenic response after 24 h. In the presence of silicone oil, NALA dramatically reduced IL-1 expression, implying that decreased aggregation was related to reduced immunogenicity of both etanercept and IVIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Ah Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ga Yeon Noh
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Shavron Hada
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jun Na
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Yoon
- Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Woong Park
- Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Min Park
- Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Nishimura A, Nakagami K, Kan K, Morita F, Takagi H. Arginine inhibits Saccharomyces cerevisiae biofilm formation by inducing endocytosis of the arginine transporter Can1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1300-1307. [PMID: 35749478 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are formed by the aggregation of microorganisms into multicellular structures that adhere to surfaces. Biofilm formation by yeast is a critical issue in clinical and industrial fields because of the strong adhesion of yeast biofilm to abiotic surfaces and tissues. Here, we clarified the arginine-mediated inhibition of biofilm formation by yeast. First, we showed that arginine inhibits biofilm formation in fungi such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, and Cladosporium cladosporioides, but not in bacteria. In regard to the underlying mechanism, biochemical analysis indicated that arginine inhibits biofilm formation by suppressing Flo11-dependent flocculation. Intriguingly, a strain with deletion of the arginine transporter-encoding CAN1 was insensitive to arginine-mediated inhibition of biofilm formation. Finally, Can1 endocytosis appeared to be required for the inhibitory mechanism of biofilm formation by arginine. The present results could help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of yeast biofilm formation and its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nishimura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakagami
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Kyoyuki Kan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Fumika Morita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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16
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Srivastava A, O'Dell C, Bolessa E, McLinden S, Fortin L, Deorkar N. Viscosity reduction and stability enhancement of monoclonal antibody formulations using derivatives of amino acids. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2848-2856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Munjal B, Patel SM, Suryanarayanan R. Role of Arginine Salts in Preventing Freezing-induced Increase in Subvisible Particles in Protein Formulations. Int J Pharm 2022; 619:121694. [PMID: 35331829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
While arginine hydrochloride (ArgHCl) has emerged as a potential stabilizer of protein drugs in liquid formulations the purpose of this manuscript was to evaluate its stabilization potential in frozen solutions. The phase behavior of frozen AgHCl solutions was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and low temperature powder X-ray diffractometry. The aggregation of β-galactosidase was evaluated following freeze-thaw cycling in ArgHCl solutions with and without mannitol. ArgHCl (5% w/v) was retained amorphous in frozen aqueous solutions and effectively inhibited protein aggregation even after 5 freeze-thaw cycles. Annealing frozen arginine solution (5% w/v) containing mannitol (10% w/v) induced mannitol crystallization which in turn facilitated crystallization of ArgHCl. The stabilizing effect of ArgHCl was completely lost in the presence of mannitol. Use of alternate arginine salts (aspartate, glutamate, and acetate) allowed selective crystallization of mannitol while the arginine was retained amorphous and stabilized the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Munjal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Sajal M Patel
- Dosage Form Design & Development, Biopharmaceutical Development, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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18
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Utatsu K, Kogo T, Taharabaru T, Onodera R, Motoyama K, Higashi T. Supramolecular polymer-based transformable material for reversible PEGylation of protein drugs. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100160. [PMID: 34841242 PMCID: PMC8605344 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein developed a transformable mixing-type material for reversible PEGylation of protein drugs using a supramolecular backbone polymer, that is, polyrotaxane possessing both amino groups and PEG chains (PEG-NH2-PRX). We expected that PEG-NH2-PRX provides amino groups to interact with protein drugs on demand because the mobility of amino groups in PEG-NH2-PRX was high. In fact, PEG-NH2-PRX formed complexes with protein drugs efficiently compared to PEGylated amino-dextran (PEG-NH2-DEX), a control material fabricated with a macromolecular backbone polymer. Moreover, PEG-NH2-PRX markedly improved the stability of antibodies and prolonged the hypoglycemic effects of insulin without loss of bioactivity, compared to PEG-NH2-DEX. These findings suggest that the supramolecular material, PEG-NH2-PRX, is a promising reversible PEGylation material for protein drugs compared to macromolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Utatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kogo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Taharabaru
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Risako Onodera
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
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N-Acetylated-L-arginine (NALA) is an enhanced protein aggregation suppressor under interfacial stresses and elevated temperature for protein liquid formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:654-664. [PMID: 33137385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Even though arginine hydrochloride has been recognized as a protein aggregation suppressor in the biopharmaceutical industry, its use has been questioned due to decreasing transition unfolding temperatures (Tm). Four compounds were designed to enhance the role of arginine by changing the length of the carbon chain with removal or N-acetylation of α-amino group. Biophysical properties were observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and flow imaging (FI). N-Acetyl-L-arginine (NALA) performed the best at minimizing decrease in Tm with arginine at different pH. NALA also demonstrated relatively higher colloidal stability than arginine hydrochloride, especially in the acidic pH, thereby reducing agitation stress of IgG. Moreover, NALA exhibited a cooperative effect with commercially used glycine buffer for IVIG to maintain the monomer contents with almost no change and suppressed larger particle formation after agitation with heat. The study concludes that the decreasing Tm of proteins by arginine hydrochloride is due to amide group in the α-carbon chain. Moreover, chemical modification on the group compared to removing it will be a breakthrough of arginine's limitations and optimize storage stability of protein therapeutics.
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20
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Resolving Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation for a Peptide Fused Monoclonal Antibody by Formulation Optimization. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:738-745. [PMID: 32961238 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of protein solutions has been usually related to strong protein-protein interactions (PPI) under certain conditions. For the first time, we observed the LLPS phenomenon for a novel protein modality, peptide-fused monoclonal antibody (pmAb). LLPS emerged within hours between pH 6.0 to 7.0 and disappeared when solution pH values decreased to pH 5.0 or lower. Negative values of interaction parameter (kD) and close to zero values of zeta potential (ζ) were correlated to LLPS appearance. However, between pH 6.0 to 7.0, a strong electrostatic repulsion force was expected to potentially avoid LLPS based on the sequence predicted pI value, 8.35. Surprisingly, this is significantly away from experimentally determined pI, 6.25, which readily attributes the LLPS appearances of pmAb to the attenuated electrostatic repulsion force. Such discrepancy between experiment and prediction reminds the necessity of actual measurement for a complicated modality like pmAb. Furthermore, significant protein degradation took place upon thermal stress at pH 5.0 or lower. Therefore, the effects of pH and selected excipients on the thermal stability of pmAb were further assessed. A formulation consisting of arginine at pH 6.5 successfully prevented the appearance of LLPS and enhanced its thermal stability at 40 °C for pmAb. In conclusion, we have reported LLPS for a pmAb and successfully resolved the issue by optimizing formulation with aids from PPI characterization.
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21
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Rapid methodology for basal system selection of therapeutic proteins during the early stage biopharmaceutical development. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Emami F, Vatanara A, Vakhshiteh F, Kim Y, Kim TW, Na DH. Amino acid-based stable adalimumab formulation in spray freeze-dried microparticles for pulmonary delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Meingast C, Heldt CL. Arginine‐enveloped virus inactivation and potential mechanisms. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2931. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christa Meingast
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan
| | - Caryn L. Heldt
- Department of Chemical Engineering Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan
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24
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Wang W, Ohtake S. Science and art of protein formulation development. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118505. [PMID: 31306712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein pharmaceuticals have become a significant class of marketed drug products and are expected to grow steadily over the next decade. Development of a commercial protein product is, however, a rather complex process. A critical step in this process is formulation development, enabling the final product configuration. A number of challenges still exist in the formulation development process. This review is intended to discuss these challenges, to illustrate the basic formulation development processes, and to compare the options and strategies in practical formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Biological Development, Bayer USA, LLC, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States.
| | - Satoshi Ohtake
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chesterfield, MO 63017, United States
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25
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Iyer LK, Phanse R, Xu M, Lan W, Krause ME, Bolgar M, Hart S. Pulse Proteolysis: An Orthogonal Tool for Protein Formulation Screening. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:842-850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Kim NA, Thapa R, Jeong SH, Bae HD, Maeng J, Lee K, Park K. Enhanced intranasal insulin delivery by formulations and tumor protein-derived protein transduction domain as an absorption enhancer. J Control Release 2018; 294:226-236. [PMID: 30557648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the key factors for successful development of an intranasal insulin formulation is an absorption enhancer that would deliver insulin efficiently across nasal membranes without causing damage to mucosa or inducing protein aggregation under physiological conditions. In the present study, a protein transduction domain (PTD1) and its L-form with the double substitution A6L and I8A (PTD4), derived from human translationally controlled tumor protein, were used as absorption enhancers. PTD4 exhibited higher compatibility with insulin in terms of biophysical properties analyzed using μDSC, DLS, and CD. In addition, thermodynamic properties indicated stable complex formation but higher propensity of protein aggregation. Arginine hydrochloride (ArgHCl) was used to suppress protein aggregation and carbohydrates (i.e., mannitol, sucrose, and glycerin) were used as osmolytes in the formulation. The relative bioavailability of insulin co-administered intranasally using PTD4, 16 mg/mL glycerin and 100 mM ArgHCl was 58% and that using PTD4, 1 w/v% sucrose, and 25 mM ArgHCl was 53% of the bioavailability obtained via the subcutaneous route. These values represented a remarkable increase in bioavailability of intranasal insulin, causing a significant decrease in blood glucose levels within one hour. The pharmacokinetic properties of intranasal absorption were dependent on the concentration of carbohydrates used. These results suggest that the newly designed formulations with PTD represent a useful platform for intranasal delivery of insulin and other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ritu Thapa
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Duck Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehye Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunglim Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kinam Park
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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27
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Wang W, Roberts CJ. Protein aggregation – Mechanisms, detection, and control. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:251-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Preferential exclusion mechanism by carbohydrates on protein stabilization using thermodynamic evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:311-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Willis LF, Kumar A, Dobson J, Bond NJ, Lowe D, Turner R, Radford SE, Kapur N, Brockwell DJ. Using extensional flow to reveal diverse aggregation landscapes for three IgG1 molecules. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1216-1225. [PMID: 29315487 PMCID: PMC5900942 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently dominate the biopharmaceutical sector due to their potency and efficacy against a range of disease targets. These proteinaceous therapeutics are, however, susceptible to unfolding, mis‐folding, and aggregation by environmental perturbations. Aggregation thus poses an enormous challenge to biopharmaceutical development, production, formulation, and storage. Hydrodynamic forces have also been linked to aggregation, but the ability of different flow fields (e.g., shear and extensional flow) to trigger aggregation has remained unclear. To address this question, we previously developed a device that allows the degree of extensional flow to be controlled. Using this device we demonstrated that mAbs are particularly sensitive to the force exerted as a result of this flow‐field. Here, to investigate the utility of this device to bio‐process/biopharmaceutical development, we quantify the effects of the flow field and protein concentration on the aggregation of three mAbs. We show that the response surface of mAbs is distinct from that of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and also that mAbs of similar sequence display diverse sensitivity to hydrodynamic flow. Finally, we show that flow‐induced aggregation of each mAb is ameliorated by different buffers, opening up the possibility of using the device as a formulation tool. Perturbation of the native state by extensional flow may thus allow identification of aggregation‐resistant mAb candidates, their bio‐process parameters and formulation to be optimized earlier in the drug‐discovery pipeline using sub‐milligram quantities of material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon F Willis
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Amit Kumar
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - John Dobson
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | | | - David Lowe
- MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Nikil Kapur
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - David J Brockwell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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30
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Dipicolinic acid as a novel spore-inspired excipient for antibody formulation. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:332-338. [PMID: 28495581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ionic excipients are commonly used in aqueous therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations. Novel excipients are of industrial interest, with a recent focus on Arg salt forms and their application as viscosity reducing and stabilizing additives. Here, we report that the calcium salt of dipicolinic acid (DPA, pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid), uniquely present in nature in the core of certain bacterial spores, reduces the viscosity of a mAb formulated at 150mg/mL, below that achieved by Arg hydrochloride at the same concentration (10mM). DPA also reduced the reversible phase separation of the same formulation, which characteristically occurs for this mAb upon cooling to 4°C. Differential scanning calorimetry and differential scanning fluorimetry did not reveal a conformation destabilisation of the mAb in the presence of 10mM DPA, or by the related quinolinic acid (QA, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid). However, fluorescence spectrophotometry did reveal localised (aromatic) conformational changes to the mAb attributed to DPA, dependent on the salt form. While precise mechanisms of action remain to be identified, our preliminary data suggest that these DPA salts are worthy of further investigation as novel ionic excipient for biologics formulation.
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31
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Rani A, Taha M, Venkatesu P, Lee MJ. Coherent Experimental and Simulation Approach To Explore the Underlying Mechanism of Denaturation of Stem Bromelain in Osmolytes. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:6456-6470. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjeeta Rani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Mohamed Taha
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, PC 123 Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Ming- Jer Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science & Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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