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Mureşan-Pop M, Simon S, Bodoki E, Simon V, Turza A, Todea M, Vulpoi A, Magyari K, Iacob BC, Bărăian AI, Gołdyn M, Gomes CSB, Susana M, Duarte MT, André V. Mechanochemical Synthesis of New Praziquantel Cocrystals: Solid-State Characterization and Solubility. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2024; 24:4668-4681. [PMID: 38855579 PMCID: PMC11157481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.4c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
New cocrystals of praziquantel with suberic, 3-hydroxybenzoic, benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic, trimesic, and 5-hydroxyisophthalic acids were obtained through ball milling experiments. The optimal conditions for the milling process were chosen by changing the solvent volume and the mechanical action time. Supramolecular interactions in the new cocrystals are detailed based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, confirming the expected formation of hydrogen bonds between the praziquantel carbonyl group and the carboxyl (or hydroxyl) moieties of the coformers. Different structural characterization techniques were performed for all samples, but the praziquantel:suberic acid cocrystal includes a wider range of investigations such as thermal analysis, infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and SEM microscopy. The stability for up to five months was established by keeping it under extreme conditions of temperature and humidity. Solubility studies were carried out for all the new forms disclosed herein and compared with the promising cocrystals previously reported with salicylic, 4-aminosalicylic, vanillic, and oxalic acids. HPLC analyses revealed a higher solubility for most of the new cocrystal forms, as compared to pure praziquantel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieta Mureşan-Pop
- Nanostructured
Materials and Bio-Nano Interfaces Department, Interdisciplinary Research
Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai
University, 42, Treboniu
Laurian, Cluj-Napoca 400271, Romania
- INSPIRE
Research Platform, Babes-Bolyai University, 11, Arany Janos, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
| | - Simion Simon
- Nanostructured
Materials and Bio-Nano Interfaces Department, Interdisciplinary Research
Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai
University, 42, Treboniu
Laurian, Cluj-Napoca 400271, Romania
- INSPIRE
Research Platform, Babes-Bolyai University, 11, Arany Janos, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
| | - Ede Bodoki
- Analytical
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4, Louis Pasteur, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania
| | - Viorica Simon
- Nanostructured
Materials and Bio-Nano Interfaces Department, Interdisciplinary Research
Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai
University, 42, Treboniu
Laurian, Cluj-Napoca 400271, Romania
| | - Alexandru Turza
- Mass
Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of
Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca 400293, Romania
| | - Milica Todea
- Nanostructured
Materials and Bio-Nano Interfaces Department, Interdisciplinary Research
Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai
University, 42, Treboniu
Laurian, Cluj-Napoca 400271, Romania
- INSPIRE
Research Platform, Babes-Bolyai University, 11, Arany Janos, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
- Molecular
Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4, Louis Pasteur, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania
| | - Adriana Vulpoi
- Nanostructured
Materials and Bio-Nano Interfaces Department, Interdisciplinary Research
Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai
University, 42, Treboniu
Laurian, Cluj-Napoca 400271, Romania
- INSPIRE
Research Platform, Babes-Bolyai University, 11, Arany Janos, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania
| | - Klara Magyari
- Nanostructured
Materials and Bio-Nano Interfaces Department, Interdisciplinary Research
Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai
University, 42, Treboniu
Laurian, Cluj-Napoca 400271, Romania
| | - Bogdan C. Iacob
- Analytical
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4, Louis Pasteur, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania
| | - Alexandra Iulia Bărăian
- Analytical
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4, Louis Pasteur, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania
| | - Mateusz Gołdyn
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in
Poznań, Uniwersytetu
Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz
University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Clara S. B. Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology (NOVA
FCT), NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Margarida Susana
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - M. Teresa Duarte
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Vânia André
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associação
do Instituto Superior Técnico para a Investigação
e Desenvolvimento (IST-ID), Avenida António José de Almeida, 12, Lisboa 1000-043, Portugal
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D’Abbrunzo I, Procida G, Perissutti B. Praziquantel Fifty Years on: A Comprehensive Overview of Its Solid State. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:27. [PMID: 38258039 PMCID: PMC10821272 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the entire progress made on the anthelmintic drug praziquantel, focusing on the solid state and, therefore, on anhydrous crystalline polymorphs, amorphous forms, and multicomponent systems (i.e., hydrates, solvates, and cocrystals). Despite having been extensively studied over the last 50 years, new polymorphs and the greater part of their cocrystals have only been identified in the past decade. Progress in crystal engineering science (e.g., the use of mechanochemistry as a solid form screening tool and more strategic structure-based methods), along with the development of analytical techniques, including Synchrotron X-ray analyses, spectroscopy, and microscopy, have furthered the identification of unknown crystal structures of the drug. Also, computational modeling has significantly contributed to the prediction and design of new cocrystals by considering structural conformations and interactions energy. Whilst the insights on praziquantel polymorphs discussed in the present review will give a significant contribution to controlling their formation during manufacturing and drug formulation, the detailed multicomponent forms will help in designing and implementing future praziquantel-based functional materials. The latter will hopefully overcome praziquantel's numerous drawbacks and exploit its potential in the field of neglected tropical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy (G.P.)
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D'Abbrunzo I, Bianco E, Gigli L, Demitri N, Birolo R, Chierotti MR, Škorić I, Keiser J, Häberli C, Voinovich D, Hasa D, Perissutti B. Praziquantel meets Niclosamide: A dual-drug Antiparasitic Cocrystal. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123315. [PMID: 37579827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report a successful example of combining drugs through cocrystallization. Specifically, the novel solid is formed by two anthelminthic drugs, namely praziquantel (PZQ) and niclosamide (NCM) in a 1:3 molar ratio, and it can be obtained through a sustainable one-step mechanochemical process in the presence of micromolar amounts of methanol. The novel solid phase crystallizes in the monoclinic space group of P21/c, showing one PZQ and three NCM molecules linked through homo- and heteromolecular hydrogen bonds in the asymmetric unit, as also attested by SSNMR and FT-IR results. A plate-like habitus is evident from scanning electron microscopy analysis with a melting point of 202.89 °C, which is intermediate to those of the parent compounds. The supramolecular interactions confer favorable properties to the cocrystal, preventing NCM transformation into the insoluble monohydrate both in the solid state and in aqueous solution. Remarkably, the PZQ - NCM cocrystal exhibits higher anthelmintic activity against in vitro S. mansoni models than corresponding physical mixture of the APIs. Finally, due to in vitro promising results, in vivo preliminary tests on mice were also performed through the administration of minicapsules size M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia D'Abbrunzo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Emma Bianco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lara Gigli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza-Trieste, Italy.
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza-Trieste, Italy.
| | - Rebecca Birolo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, V. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Michele R Chierotti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, V. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Irena Škorić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel 4000, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Häberli
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel 4000, Switzerland
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Iyer J, Brunsteiner M, Modhave D, Paudel A. Role of Crystal Disorder and Mechanoactivation in Solid-State Stability of Pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1539-1565. [PMID: 36842482 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Common energy-intensive processes applied in oral solid dosage development, such as milling, sieving, blending, compaction, etc. generate particles with surface and bulk crystal disorder. An intriguing aspect of the generated crystal disorder is its evolution and repercussion on the physical- and chemical stabilities of drugs. In this review, we firstly examine the existing literature on crystal disorder and its implications on solid-state stability of pharmaceuticals. Secondly, we discuss the key aspects related to the generation and evolution of crystal disorder, dynamics of the disordered/amorphous phase, analytical techniques to measure/quantify them, and approaches to model the disordering propensity from first principles. The main objective of this compilation is to provide special impetus to predict or model the chemical degradation(s) resulting from processing-induced manifestation in bulk solid manufacturing. Finally, a generic workflow is proposed that can be useful to investigate the relevance of crystal disorder on the degradation of pharmaceuticals during stability studies. The present review will cater to the requirements for developing physically- and chemically stable drugs, thereby enabling early and rational decision-making during candidate screening and in assessing degradation risks associated with formulations and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Iyer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz, Austria
| | | | - Dattatray Modhave
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz, Austria; Graz University of Technology, Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz Austria.
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5
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Current Trends on Solid Dispersions: Past, Present, and Future. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:5916013. [PMID: 36317015 PMCID: PMC9617737 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5916013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid dispersions have achieved significant interest as an effective means of enhancing the dissolution rate and thus the bioavailability of a range of weakly water-soluble drugs. Solid dispersions of weakly water-soluble drugs with water-soluble carriers have lowered the frequency of these problems and improved dissolution. Solid dispersion is a solubilization technology emphasizing mainly on, drug-polymer two-component systems in which drug dispersion and its stabilization is the key to formulation development. Therefore, this technology is recognized as an exceptionally useful means of improving the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs and in the latest years, a big deal of understanding has been accumulated about solid dispersion, however, their commercial application is limited. In this review article, emphasis is placed on solubility, BCS classification, and carriers. Moreover, this article presents the diverse preparation techniques for solid dispersion and gathers some of the recent technological transfers. The different types of solid dispersions based on the carrier used and molecular arrangement were underlined. Additionally, it summarizes the mechanisms, the methods of preparing solid dispersions, and the marketed drugs that are available using solid dispersion approaches.
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6
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Dandignac M, Lacerda SP, Chamayou A, Galet L. Comparison study of physicochemical and biopharmaceutics properties of hydrophobic drugs ground by two dry milling processes. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:816-828. [PMID: 36062973 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2121408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
1. AbstractThis study focuses on the dry milling of BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) class II molecules. These molecules have a limited bioavailability because of their low aqueous solubility, poor water wettability and low dissolution rate. In order to improve these properties, indomethacin (IND) and niflumic acid (NIF) were milled using two different types of equipment: Pulverisette 0® and CryoMill®. Milled samples were characterized and compared to commercial molecules. IND shows a modified solid state, like surface crystallinity reduction and an increase in water vapor adsorption from to 2 up to 5-fold due to milling processes. The obtained solubility data resulted in an improvement in solubility up to 1.2-fold and an increase in initial dissolution kinetics: 2% of dissolved drug for original crystals against 25% for milled samples. For NIF no crystallinity reduction, no change of surface properties and no solubility improvement after milling were noticed. In addition, milled particles seemed more agglomerated resulting in no changes in dissolution rate compared to the original drug. IND solubility and dissolution enhancement can be attributed to the modification of surface area, drug crystallinity reduction and water sorption increase due to specific behaviour related to the drug crystal disorder induced by milling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dandignac
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, Albi Cedex 09 F-81013, France
| | - S P Lacerda
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, Albi Cedex 09 F-81013, France
| | - A Chamayou
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, Albi Cedex 09 F-81013, France
| | - L Galet
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, Albi Cedex 09 F-81013, France
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7
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Salas-Zúñiga R, Mondragón-Vásquez K, Alcalá-Alcalá S, Lima E, Höpfl H, Herrera-Ruiz D, Morales-Rojas H. Nanoconfinement of a Pharmaceutical Cocrystal with Praziquantel in Mesoporous Silica: The Influence of the Solid Form on Dissolution Enhancement. Mol Pharm 2021; 19:414-431. [PMID: 34967632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoconfinement is a recent strategy to enhance solubility and dissolution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with poor biopharmaceutical properties. In this work, we combine the advantage of cocrystals of racemic praziquantel (PZQ) containing a water-soluble coformer (i.e., increased solubility and supersaturation) and its confinement in a mesoporous silica material (i.e., increased dissolution rate). Among various potential cocrystalline phases of PZQ with dicarboxylic acid coformers, the cocrystal with glutaric acid (PZQ-GLU) was selected and successfully loaded by the melting method into nanopores of SBA-15 (experimental pore size of 5.6 nm) as suggested by physical and spectroscopic characterization using various complementary techniques like N2 adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), solid-state NMR (ss-NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis. The PZQ-GLU phase confined in SBA-15 presents more mobility according to ss-NMR studies but still retains its cocrystal-like features in the IR spectra, and it also shows depression of the melting transition temperature in DSC. On the contrary, pristine PZQ loaded into SBA-15 was found only in the amorphous state, according to the aforementioned studies. This dissimilar behavior of the composites was attributed to the larger crystal lattice of PZQ over the PZQ-GLU cocrystal (3320.1 vs 1167.9 Å3) and to stronger intermolecular interactions between PZQ and GLU, facilitating the confinement of a more mobile solid-like phase in the constrained channels. Powder dissolution studies under extremely nonsink conditions (SI = 0.014) of the confined PZQ-GLU and amorphous PZQ phases embedded in mesoporous silica showed transient supersaturation behavior when dissolving in simulated gastric fluid (HCl pH 1.2 at 37 ± 0.5 °C) in a similar fashion to the bare cocrystal PZQ-GLU. A comparison of the area under the curve (AUC0-90 min) of the dissolution profiles afforded a dissolution advantage of 2-fold (p < 0.05) of the new solid phases over pristine racemic PZQ after 90 min; under these conditions, the solubilized API reprecipitated as the recently discovered PZQ hemihydrate (PZQ-HH). In the presence of a cellulosic polymer, sustained solubilization of PZQ from composites SBA-15/PZQ or SBA-15/PZQ-GLU was observed, increasing AUC0-90 min up to 5.1-fold in comparison to pristine PZQ. The combination of a confined solid phase in mesoporous silica and a methylcellulose polymer in the dissolution medium effectively maintained the drug solubilized during times significant to promote absorption. Finally, powder dissolution studies under intermediate nonsink conditions (SI = 1.99) showed a fast release profile from the nanoconfined PZQ-GLU phase in SBA-15, which reached rapid saturation (95% drug dissolved at 30 min); the amorphous PZQ composite and bare PZQ-GLU also displayed an immediate release of the API but at a lower rate (69% drug dissolved at 30 min). In all of these cases, a large dissolution advantage was observed from any of the novel solid phases over PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynaldo Salas-Zúñiga
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, México.,Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, México
| | | | - Sergio Alcalá-Alcalá
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, México
| | - Enrique Lima
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Herbert Höpfl
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, México
| | - Dea Herrera-Ruiz
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, México
| | - Hugo Morales-Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, México
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8
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de Oliveira Junior H, Borges BA, Barbosa TWL, Batista A, Braga MTL, de Araújo MB, Bonfilio R. A New Crystalline Ketoprofen Sodium Salt: Solid-State Characterization, Solubility, and Stability. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1674-1681. [PMID: 34808219 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ketoprofen (KTP) is an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) that has low solubility in aqueous solvents. The use of KTP salts has attracted attention due to its improvements in terms of solubility, tolerability, higher rate and extent of absorption, and faster onset of the therapeutic effect. In this work, a crystalline KTP sodium salt (coded as KTP-Na) was successfully obtained and widely characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), solubility and accelerated stability studies. XRD results showed that KTP-Na is not yet reported in the literature. Moreover, FTIR, DSC and TGA were useful for differentiation of KTP-Na from the KTP commercialized form (coded as KTP-R1). The solubility of KTP-Na in water was about 80 times greater than the KTP-R1. However, KTP-Na showed lower physical stability in storage conditions at 40 ± 2°C/ 75% ± 5% RH when compared to KTP-R1, which was shown to be related to a high hygroscopicity of KTP-Na. Therefore, due to its higher solubility, KTP-Na may be a viable alternative for use in solid dosage forms. However, the presence of moisture must be strictly controlled to avoid water absorption and consequent amorphization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homero de Oliveira Junior
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Bruno Arantes Borges
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | | | - Ataislaine Batista
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Leite Braga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Magali Benjamim de Araújo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Rudy Bonfilio
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil.
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9
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Šagud I, Zanolla D, Zingone G, Perissutti B, Škorić I. Impact of mesoporous silica on the chemical degradation of Praziquantel upon grinding. CR CHIM 2021. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Adekiya TA, Kumar P, Kondiah PPD, Pillay V, Choonara YE. Synthesis and therapeutic delivery approaches for praziquantel: a patent review (2010-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:851-865. [PMID: 33832392 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1915292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Among all the anti-schistosomal drugs, praziquantel has been the most widely used. However, some major challenges have been faced using the drug in the treatment of schistosome infections. AREAS COVERED : Several approaches used in the synthesis of praziquantel aimed at reducing the time and cost of production, the toxicity and experimental harsh conditions are discussed. Also, patented methods involved in the pharmaceutical reformulation of praziquantel in the treatment of diverse endoparasitic infestations are reported. Additionally, future perspectives in terms of nanomedicine approach in the formulation of praziquantel are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION : Lipid-based nanosystems (LBNSs) formulations can be used to overcome the shortcomings associated with the use of praziquantel in the schistosomiasis treatment due to their amphipathic nature. This could be a promising vehicle for the delivery of praziquantel, which could in turn improve the bioavailability, as well as reduce the frequent dose of the drug and improve patient compliance. This may sustain the release of the drug and improve the rapid conversion of the drug into inactive metabolite due to rapid metabolism. Additionally, LBNSs approach could increase and improve the lipophilicity of the drug, which could make it easier to interact with the hydrophobic cores of the worm tegument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayo A Adekiya
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pierre P D Kondiah
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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11
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Therapeutic Applications of Solid Dispersions for Drugs and New Molecules: In Vitro and In Vivo Activities. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100933. [PMID: 33007806 PMCID: PMC7601702 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide an overview of studies that address the use, in therapeutic applications, of solid dispersions (SDs) with biological activities in vitro and/or in vivo mainly made up of polymeric matrices, as well as to evaluate the bioactive activity of their constituents. This bibliographic survey shows that the development of solid dispersions provides benefits in the physicochemical properties of bioactive compounds, which lead to an increase in their biological potential. However, despite the reports found on solid dispersions, there is still a need for biological assay-based studies, mainly in vivo, to assist in the investigation and to devise new applications. Therefore, studies based on such an approach are of great importance to enhance and extend the use of solid dispersions in the most diverse therapeutic applications.
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12
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Gaggero A, Jurišić Dukovski B, Radić I, Šagud I, Škorić I, Cinčić D, Jug M. Co-grinding with surfactants as a new approach to enhance in vitro dissolution of praziquantel. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113494. [PMID: 32745904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the process of co-grinding with a surfactant as a new approach to enhance physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of praziquantel (PZQ), a poorly soluble drug that is essential for the treatment of schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease. Surfactants used in this study were poloxamer F-127 and sucrose stearate (C-1816), selected based on their well-documented biocompatibility and solubilizing activity. A series of products were prepared by mechanochemical activation using vibrational ball-mill at different drug to surfactant ratio and milling times. The obtained products were characterised in terms of drug recovery, solubility and in vitro dissolution rates. The obtained results were correlated to solid-state properties of the products analysed by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction and particle size analysis. Results of UPLC-MS analysis and 1H-NMR spectroscopy showed that the used surfactants and applied grinding procedures caused no chemical degradation of the PZQ. The physicochemical properties, solubility and the in vitro dissolution enhancement of the co-ground products were related to the drug to surfactant ratio and the grinding protocol applied. The highest enhancement of the in vitro dissolution rate was achieved at the drug to surfactant ratio of 10:3 and 10:2 for F-127 and C-1816, respectively with the milling time of 30 min. The MTT assay on Caco-2 cell line demonstrated the biocompatibility of both co-ground products. Furthermore, the surfactants used did not change intrinsically high intestinal permeability of PZQ (Papp ∼ 4.00 × 10-5 cm s-1). The presented results confirmed that the co-grinding with surfactant is a promising new approach in enhancing in vitro dissolution of poorly soluble drugs like PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gaggero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bisera Jurišić Dukovski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Radić
- Pliva Croatia Ltd., Teva Api R&D, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Šagud
- Pliva Croatia Ltd., Teva Api R&D, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Škorić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dominik Cinčić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Jug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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13
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Zanolla D, Hasa D, Arhangelskis M, Schneider-Rauber G, Chierotti MR, Keiser J, Voinovich D, Jones W, Perissutti B. Mechanochemical Formation of Racemic Praziquantel Hemihydrate with Improved Biopharmaceutical Properties. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030289. [PMID: 32210129 PMCID: PMC7151222 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ) is the first-line drug used against schistosomiasis, one of the most common parasitic diseases in the world. A series of crystalline structures including two new polymorphs of the pure drug and a series of cocrystals of PZQ have been discovered and deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). This work adds to the list of multicomponent forms of PZQ a relevant example of a racemic hemihydrate (PZQ-HH), obtainable from commercial PZQ (polymorphic Form A) through mechanochemistry. Noteworthy, the formation of the new hemihydrate strongly depends on the initial polymorphic form of PZQ and on the experimental conditions used. The new PZQ-HH has been fully characterized by means of HPLC, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Hot-Stage Microscopy (SEM), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FT-IR, polarimetry, solid-state NMR (SS-NMR), solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR), and in vitro tests on Schistosoma mansoni adults. The crystal structure was solved from the powder X-ray diffraction pattern and validated by periodic-DFT calculations. The new bioactive hemihydrate was physically stable for three months and showed peculiar biopharmaceutical features including enhanced solubility and a double intrinsic dissolution rate in water in comparison to the commercially available PZQ Form A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Zanolla
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Gabriela Schneider-Rauber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2-1EW Cambridge, UK; (G.S.-R.); (W.J.)
| | - Michele R. Chierotti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, V. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel; Switzerland;
- Universität Basel, Petersplatz 1, P.O. Box, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.V.); (B.P.); Tel.: +39-040-558-3106 (D.V. & B.P.)
| | - William Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2-1EW Cambridge, UK; (G.S.-R.); (W.J.)
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.V.); (B.P.); Tel.: +39-040-558-3106 (D.V. & B.P.)
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14
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Zanolla D, Perissutti B, Vioglio PC, Chierotti MR, Gigli L, Demitri N, Passerini N, Albertini B, Franceschinis E, Keiser J, Voinovich D. Exploring mechanochemical parameters using a DoE approach: Crystal structure solution from synchrotron XRPD and characterization of a new praziquantel polymorph. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 140:105084. [PMID: 31626966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A rotated Doehlert matrix was utilized to explore the experimental design space around the milling parameters of Praziquantel (PZQ) polymorph B formation in terms of frequency and milling time. Three experimental responses were evaluated on the resulting ground samples: two quantitative responses, i.e. median particle size by Laser Light scattering (LLS) and drug recovery by HPLC, and one qualitative dependent variable, i.e. the obtained PZQ crystalline form, characterized through X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) and confirmed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Temperature inside the jars was kept under constant control during the milling process by using temperature sensor equipped jars (thermojars), thus allowing evaluation of the obtained solid states at each experimental point, considering the specific temperature of the process. This explorative analysis led to the finding of a novel PZQ polymorph, named "Form C", produced without degradation, then fully characterized, including by means of Synchrotron XRPD, Polarimetric, FT-IR, SS-NMR, ESEM and saturation solubility. Crystal structure was solved from XRPD data and its geometry was optimized by DFT calculations (CASTEP). Finally, Form C and Form A activity against adult schistosoma mansoni were compared through in vitro testing, and Form C's physical stability checked. The new polymorph, crystallizing in space group I2/c, physically stable for approximately 2 months, showed a m.p. of 106.84 °C and displayed excellent biopharmaceutical properties (water solubility of 382.69±9.26 mg/l), while preserving excellent activity levels against adult schistosoma mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Zanolla
- University of Trieste, Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.le Europa 1, Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- University of Trieste, Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.le Europa 1, Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Michele R Chierotti
- University of Torino, Dept. of Chemistry and NIS Centre, V. Giuria 7, Torino, Italy
| | - Lara Gigli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Nadia Passerini
- University of Bologna Dept. of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, Via S. Donato 19/2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- University of Bologna Dept. of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, Via S. Donato 19/2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erica Franceschinis
- University of Padova Dept. of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Helminth Drug Development Unit, Dept. Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Basel, Switzerland; Universität Basel, Petersplatz 1, P.O. Box, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dario Voinovich
- University of Trieste, Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.le Europa 1, Trieste, Italy
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15
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Gonzalez MA, Ramírez Rigo MV, Gonzalez Vidal NL. Orphan Formulations in Pediatric Schistosomiasis Treatment: Development and Characterization of Praziquantel Nanoparticle-Loaded Powders for Reconstitution. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:318. [PMID: 31620905 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Praziquantel is a broad spectrum antihelmintic agent and represents the drug of choice for the treatment of schistosomiasis. However, its low aqueous solubility and strong bitter taste highly affect the bioavailability and compliance in pediatric patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a dry nanosuspension, by a combination of high-pressure homogenization and spray drying, intended for redispersion in a pleasant taste vehicle for extemporaneous use. Three formulations, varying stabilizers to drug ratio, were developed and characterized in terms of particle size distribution, crystallinity, morphology, in vitro dissolution, and sedimentation-redispersibility behavior. A significant reduction in particle size was achieved after the high-pressure homogenization process, and the nanoparticles were further microencapsulated by spray drying technique. The redispersed dried powders exhibited a conserved particle size distribution (in the nanometric range) and certain crystallinity extent, with satisfactory redispersion ability. Besides, the enhancement of the dissolution performance obtained after comminution was conserved, even after drying and redispersion of the extemporaneous powdered formulation. In conclusion, the developed nanoparticle-loaded powders comprise an interesting tool for the administration of praziquantel to preschool-age children.
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16
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Borrego-Sánchez A, Sánchez-Espejo R, Albertini B, Passerini N, Cerezo P, Viseras C, Sainz-Díaz CI. Ground Calcium Carbonate as a Low Cost and Biosafety Excipient for Solubility and Dissolution Improvement of Praziquantel. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100533. [PMID: 31615087 PMCID: PMC6835254 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium carbonate is an abundant mineral with several advantages to be a successful carrier to improve oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as praziquantel. Praziquantel is an antiparasitic drug classified in group II of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System hence characterized by high-permeability and low-solubility. Therefore, the dissolution rate is the limiting factor for the gastrointestinal absorption that contributes to the low bioavailability. Consequently, the therapeutic dose of the praziquantel must be high and big tablets and capsules are required, which are difficult to swallow, especially for pediatric and elderly patients. Mixtures of praziquantel and calcium carbonate using solid-solid physical mixtures and solid dispersions were prepared and characterized using several techniques (X-ray diffraction differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies). Solubility of these formulations evidenced that the solubility of praziquantel-calcium carbonate interaction product increased in physiological media. In vitro dissolution tests showed that the interaction product increased the dissolution rate of the drug in acidic medium. Theoretical models were studied to understand this experimental behavior. Cytotoxicity and cell cycle studies were performed, showing that praziquantel-calcium carbonate physical mixture and interaction product were biocompatible with the HTC116 cells, because it did not produce a decrease in cell viability or alterations in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Borrego-Sánchez
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-University of Granada), Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Rita Sánchez-Espejo
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-University of Granada), Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pilar Cerezo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - César Viseras
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-University of Granada), Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - C Ignacio Sainz-Díaz
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-University of Granada), Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Granada, Spain.
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17
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Albertini B, Perissutti B, Bertoni S, Zanolla D, Franceschinis E, Voinovich D, Lombardo F, Keiser J, Passerini N. Combining Mechanochemistry and Spray Congealing for New Praziquantel Pediatric Formulations in Schistosomiasis Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051233. [PMID: 30870971 PMCID: PMC6429213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ) is the first line drug for the treatment of schistosome infections and is included in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children. In this study, the association of mechanochemical activation (MA) and the spray congealing (SC) technology was evaluated for developing a child-friendly PZQ dosage form, with better product handling and biopharmaceutical properties, compared to MA materials. A 1:1 by wt PZQ—Povidone coground—was prepared in a vibrational mill under cryogenic conditions, for favoring amorphization. PZQ was neat ground to obtain its polymorphic form (Form B), which has an improved solubility and bioactivity. Then, activated PZQ powders were loaded into microparticles (MPs) by the SC technology, using the self-emulsifying agent Gelucire® 50/13 as a carrier. Both, the activated powders and the corresponding loaded MPs were characterized for morphology, wettability, solubility, dissolution behavior, drug content, and drug solid state (Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Powder Diffraction Studies (PXRD), and FT-IR). Samples were also in vitro tested for a comparison with PZQ against Schistosoma mansoni newly transformed schistosomula (NTS) and adults. MPs containing both MA systems showed a further increase of biopharmaceutical properties, compared to the milled powders, while maintaining PZQ bioactivity. MPs containing PZQ Form B represented the most promising product for designing a new PZQ formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Serena Bertoni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Debora Zanolla
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Erica Franceschinis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Flavio Lombardo
- Helminth Drug Development Unit, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr.57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.
- Universität Basel, Petersplatz 1, P.O. Box, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Helminth Drug Development Unit, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr.57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.
- Universität Basel, Petersplatz 1, P.O. Box, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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18
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Praziquantel systems with improved dissolution rate obtained by high pressure homogenization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Russo MG, Baldoni HA, Dávila YA, Brusau EV, Ellena JA, Narda GE. Rational Design of a Famotidine-Ibuprofen Coamorphous System: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8772-8782. [PMID: 30160964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Famotidine (FMT) and ibuprofen (IBU) were used as model drugs to obtain coamorphous systems, where the guanidine moiety of the antacid and the carboxylic group of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug could potentially participate in H-bonds leading to a given structural motif. The systems were prepared in 3:7, 1:1, and 7:3 FMT and IBU molar ratios, respectively. The latter two became amorphous after 180 min of comilling. FMT-IBU (1:1) exhibited a higher physical stability in assays at 4, 25, and 40 °C up to 60 days. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy accounted for important modifications in the vibrational behavior of those functional groups, allowing us to ascribe the skill of 1:1 FMT-IBU for remaining amorphous to equimolar interactions between both components. Density functional theory calculations followed by quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis were then conducted to support the presence of the expected FMT-IBU heterodimer with consequent formation of a R228 structural motif. The electron density (ρ) and its Laplacian (∇2ρ) values suggested a high strength of the specific intermolecular interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations to build an amorphous assembly, followed by radial distribution function analysis on the modeled phase were further employed. The results demonstrate that it is a feasible rational design of a coamorphous system, satisfactorily stabilized by molecular-level interactions leading to the expected motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos G Russo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de San Luis , Chacabuco 917 , D5700HOJ San Luis , Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química (INTEQUI-UNSL), CONICET , Almirante Brown 1455 , D5700HGC San Luis , Argentina
| | - Hector A Baldoni
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de San Luis , Chacabuco 917 , D5700HOJ San Luis , Argentina.,Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis (IMASL-UNSL), CONICET , Italia 1556 , D5700HHW San Luis , Argentina
| | - Yamina A Dávila
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de San Luis , Chacabuco 917 , D5700HOJ San Luis , Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química (INTEQUI-UNSL), CONICET , Almirante Brown 1455 , D5700HGC San Luis , Argentina
| | - Elena V Brusau
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de San Luis , Chacabuco 917 , D5700HOJ San Luis , Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química (INTEQUI-UNSL), CONICET , Almirante Brown 1455 , D5700HGC San Luis , Argentina
| | - Javier A Ellena
- Instituto de Fisica de São Carlos , Universidad de São Paulo , CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Griselda E Narda
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de San Luis , Chacabuco 917 , D5700HOJ San Luis , Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química (INTEQUI-UNSL), CONICET , Almirante Brown 1455 , D5700HGC San Luis , Argentina
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20
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Šagud I, Zanolla D, Perissutti B, Passerini N, Škorić I. Identification of degradation products of praziquantel during the mechanochemical activation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:291-295. [PMID: 30007178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ) is an inexpensive, low toxicity BCS II class anthelmintic drug used for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases. In earlier papers a mechanochemical activation has been used to induce physical transformations on the drug which would ameliorate its solubility and hence its bioavailability and a systematic study of the effects of varying temperature, frequency and time of milling on drug melting enthalpy and drug recovery was given. In this communication, the focus is on the degradation products that are formed during this mechanical treatment of Praziquantel. In the cogrinding process with povidone and crospovidone several degradation products are formed. Different degradation products are formed, which depend on the type of polymer rather than the process conditions. Two of the most prominent degradation products were identified and their structure proposed on the basis of information obtained from GC-MS, UPLC-MS and 1H NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šagud
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Debora Zanolla
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irena Škorić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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21
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In vitro/vivo assessment of praziquantel nanocrystals: Formulation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 14:321-328. [PMID: 32104462 PMCID: PMC7032129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the impact of particle size on in vitro/vivo performance of praziquantel (PZQ), nanocrystals (NCs) and microcrystals (MCs) of PZQ were prepared using the methods of wet milling and jet milling, respectively. PZQ NCs and MCs were characterized with dynamic light scattering, laser particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The average diameters of PZQ NCs and MCs were 364.4 nm and 3.7 µm, respectively. No change in crystalline form was observed. Dissolution tests were performed in two different media, where the cumulative dissolution and dissolution rate of NCs were significantly improved in comparison with those of MCs and KANGQING® in non-sink condition. Similarly, oral bioavailability of PZQ NCs in beagle dogs was 1.68 (P < 0.05) and 1.83 fold (P < 0.01) higher than that of MCs and KANGQING®. Considering the advantages of in vitro/vivo performance and facile preparation, PZQ NCs may have a great application in the treatment of schistosomiasis.
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Orlandi S, Priotti J, Diogo HP, Leonardi D, Salomon CJ, Nunes TG. Structural Elucidation of Poloxamer 237 and Poloxamer 237/Praziquantel Solid Dispersions: Impact of Poly(Vinylpyrrolidone) over Drug Recrystallization and Dissolution. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1274-1286. [PMID: 29313262 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ) is the recommended, effective, and safe treatment against all forms of schistosomiasis. Solid dispersions (SDs) in water-soluble polymers have been reported to increase solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs like PZQ, generally due to the amorphous form stabilization. In this work, poloxamer (PLX) 237 and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) K30 were evaluated as potential carriers to revert PZQ crystallization. Binary and ternary SDs were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. PZQ solubility increased similarly with PLX either as binary physical mixtures or SDs. Such unpredicted data correlated well with crystalline PZQ and PLX as detected by solid-state NMR (ssNMR) and differential scanning calorimetry in those samples. Ternary PVP/PLX/PZQ SDs showed both ssNMR broad and narrow superimposed signals, thus revealing the presence of amorphous and crystalline PZQ, respectively, and exhibited the highest PZQ dissolution efficiency (up to 82% at 180 min). SDs with PVP provided a promising way to enhance solubility and dissolution rate of PZQ since PLX alone did not prevent recrystallization of amorphous PZQ. Based on ssNMR data, novel evidences on PLX structure and molecular dynamics were also obtained. As shown for the first time using ssNMR, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol constitute the PLX amorphous and crystalline components, respectively.
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23
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Zanolla D, Perissutti B, Passerini N, Invernizzi S, Voinovich D, Bertoni S, Melegari C, Millotti G, Albertini B. Milling and comilling Praziquantel at cryogenic and room temperatures: Assessment of the process-induced effects on drug properties. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 153:82-89. [PMID: 29462783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study is a comprehensive evaluation of praziquantel (PZQ) behavior upon grinding considering the influence of milling temperature (cryogenic vs room temperature), frequency and time and presence of polymers (milled raw PZQ vs comilled PZQ/povidone and PZQ/crospovidone at 50:50 w/w) on two experimental responses (residual crystallinity and PZQ recovery). To this aim a full factorial design was set up and the responses of the experimental design were statistically assessed. The powder temperature, measured in different milling conditions, was found to increase with increasing milling frequency and time, up to a maximum recorded value of 46.9 °C (after 90 min at R.T.), for all the three powder systems. When PZQ was ground in RT environment, the recovery was 100%, independently from frequency and time of milling. Its residual crystallinity remained pronounced (>70%) upon milling, even if treated at the most severe conditions. Conversely, when the drug was milled in presence of the polymers, it showed a higher tendency to degradation and amorphysation, independently from the choice of the polymer. The use of cryogenic conditions, operating at temperatures lower than PZQ glass transition, permitted to dramatically reduce PZQ residual crystallinity when the drug was ground by itself. In the case of binary mixtures, the switch to a cryogenic environment did not affect significantly the experimental responses, but permitted to obtain a more predictable trend of both drug recovery and residual crystallinity when varying time and frequency of milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Zanolla
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio Invernizzi
- Società dei Naturalisti e Matematici di Modena, Via Università 4, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Bertoni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Melegari
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gioconda Millotti
- Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka ul. 30, 52100, Pula, Croatia
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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24
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Zanolla D, Perissutti B, Passerini N, Chierotti MR, Hasa D, Voinovich D, Gigli L, Demitri N, Geremia S, Keiser J, Cerreia Vioglio P, Albertini B. A new soluble and bioactive polymorph of praziquantel. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 127:19-28. [PMID: 29409939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Praziquantel is the only available drug to treat Schistosomiasis. However, its utilization is limited by many drawbacks, including the high therapeutic dose needed, resulting in large tablets and capsules difficult to be swallowed, especially from pediatric patients. In this study, an alternative option to overcome these disadvantages is proposed: to switch to a novel crystalline polymorph of racemic compound praziquantel. The preparation of the crystalline polymorph was realized via a neat grinding process in a vibrational mill. The new phase (Form B) was chemically identical to the starting material (as proved by HPLC, 1H NMR, and polarimetry), but showed different physical properties (as evaluated by SEM, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and solid-state NMR). Furthermore, the crystal structure of the new phase was solved from the powder synchrotron X-ray diffraction pattern, resulting in a monoclinic C2/c cell and validated by DFT-D calculation. Moreover the simulated solid-state NMR 13C chemical shifts were in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The conversion of original praziquantel into Form B showed to affect positively the water solubility and the intrinsic dissolution rate of praziquantel. Both the in vitro and in vivo activity against Schistosoma mansoni were maintained. Our findings suggest that the new phase, that proved to be physically stable for at least one year, is a promising product for designing a new praziquantel formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Zanolla
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1/via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1/via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele R Chierotti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, V. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, LE1 9BH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1/via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lara Gigli
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1/via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Helminth Drug Development Unit, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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