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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Luo F, Yu Y, Li M, Chen Y, Zhang P, Xiao C, Lv G. Polymeric nanomedicines for the treatment of hepatic diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:488. [PMCID: PMC9675156 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important organ in the human body and performs many functions, such as digestion, detoxification, metabolism, immune responses, and vitamin and mineral storage. Therefore, disorders of liver functions triggered by various hepatic diseases, including hepatitis B virus infection, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and transplant rejection, significantly threaten human health worldwide. Polymer-based nanomedicines, which can be easily engineered with ideal physicochemical characteristics and functions, have considerable merits, including contributions to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced adverse effects of drugs, in the treatment of hepatic diseases compared to traditional therapeutic agents. This review describes liver anatomy and function, and liver targeting strategies, hepatic disease treatment applications and intrahepatic fates of polymeric nanomedicines. The challenges and outlooks of hepatic disease treatment with polymeric nanomedicines are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Luo
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingqian Li
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
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Terracciano R, Demarchi D, Ruo Roch M, Aiassa S, Pagana G. Nanomaterials to Fight Cancer: An Overview on Their Multifunctional Exploitability. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:2760-2777. [PMID: 33653442 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years the worldwide research community has highlighted innumerable benefits of nanomaterials in cancer detection and therapy. Nevertheless, the development of cancer nanomedicines and other bionanotechnology requires a huge amount of considerations about the interactions of nanomaterials and biological systems, since long-term effects are not yet fully known. Open issues remain the determination of the nanoparticles distributions patterns and the internalization rate into the tumor while avoiding their accumulation in internal organs or other healthy tissues. The purpose of this work is to provide a standard overview of the most recent advances in nanomaterials to fight cancer and to collect trends and future directions to follow according to some critical aspects still present in this field. Complementary to the very recent review of Wolfram and Ferrari which discusses and classifies successful clinically-approved cancer nanodrugs as well as promising candidates in the pipeline, this work embraces part of their proposed classification system based on the exploitation of multifunctionality and extends the review to peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last 3 years identified through international databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Terracciano
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Massimo Ruo Roch
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Simone Aiassa
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Guido Pagana
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Italy
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Zhang Y, Cao J, Yuan Z. Strategies and challenges to improve the performance of tumor-associated active targeting. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:3959-3971. [PMID: 32222756 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been extensively explored. However, the average tumour enrichment ratio of passive targeting systems corresponds to only 0.7% due to the nonspecific uptake by normal organs and poor selective retention in tumours. The therapeutic specificity and efficacy of nano-medicine can be enhanced by equipping it with active targeting ligands, although it is not possible to ignore the recognition and clearance of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) caused by targeting ligands. Given the complexity of the systemic circulation environment, it is necessary to carefully consider the hydrophobicity, immunogenicity, and electrical property of targeting ligands. Thus, for an active targeting system, the targeting ligands should be shielded in blood circulation and de-shielded in the tumour region for enhanced tumour accumulation. In this study, strategies for improving the performance of active targeting ligands are introduced. The strategies include irreversible shielding, reversible shielding, and methods of modulating the multivalent interactions between ligands and receptors. Furthermore, challenges and future developments in designing active ligand targeting systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Jing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Zhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Abstract
The development of molecular nanostructures with well-defined particle size and shape is of eminent interest in biomedicine. Among many studied nanostructures, dendrimers represent the group of those most thoroughly characterized ones. Due to their unique structure and properties, dendrimers are very attractive for medical and pharmaceutical applications. Owing to the controllable cavities inside the dendrimer, guest molecules may be encapsulated, and highly reactive terminal groups are susceptible to further modifications, e.g., to facilitate target delivery. To understand the potential of these nanoparticles and to predict and avoid any adverse cellular reactions, it is necessary to know the mechanisms responsible for an efficient dendrimer uptake and the destination of their intracellular journey. In this article, we summarize the results of studies describing the dendrimer uptake, traffic, and efflux mechanisms depending on features of specific nanoparticles and cell types. We also present mechanisms of dendrimers responsible for toxicity and alteration in signal transduction pathways at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ziemba
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Borowiec
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ida Franiak-Pietryga
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Li H, Sun J, Zhu H, Wu H, Zhang H, Gu Z, Luo K. Recent advances in development of dendritic polymer-based nanomedicines for cancer diagnosis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1670. [PMID: 32949116 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic polymers have highly branched three-dimensional architectures, the fourth type apart from linear, cross-linked, and branched one. They possess not only a large number of terminal functional units and interior cavities, but also a low viscosity with weak or no entanglement. These features endow them with great potential in various biomedicine applications, including drug delivery, gene therapy, tissue engineering, immunoassay and bioimaging. Most review articles related to bio-related applications of dendritic polymers focus on their drug or gene delivery, while very few of them are devoted to their function as cancer diagnosis agents, which are essential for cancer treatment. In this review, we will provide comprehensive insights into various dendritic polymer-based cancer diagnosis agents. Their classification and preparation are presented for readers to have a precise understanding of dendritic polymers. On account of physical/chemical properties of dendritic polymers and biological properties of cancer, we will suggest a few design strategies for constructing dendritic polymer-based diagnosis agents, such as active or passive targeting strategies, imaging reporters-incorporating strategies, and/or internal stimuli-responsive degradable/enhanced imaging strategies. Their recent applications in in vitro diagnosis of cancer cells or exosomes and in vivo diagnosis of primary and metastasis tumor sites with the aid of single/multiple imaging modalities will be discussed in great detail. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Diagnostic Tools > in vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sandoval-Yañez C, Castro Rodriguez C. Dendrimers: Amazing Platforms for Bioactive Molecule Delivery Systems. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E570. [PMID: 31991703 PMCID: PMC7040653 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Today, dendrimers are the main nanoparticle applied to drug delivery systems. The physicochemical characteristics of dendrimers and their versatility structural modification make them attractive to applied as a platform to bioactive molecules transport. Nanoformulations based on dendrimers enhance low solubility drugs, arrival to the target tissue, drugs bioavailability, and controlled release. This review describes the latter approaches on the transport of bioactive molecules based on dendrimers. The review focus is on the last therapeutic strategies addressed by dendrimers conjugated with bioactive molecules. A brief review of the latest studies in therapies against cancer and cardiovascular diseases, as well as future projections in the area, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sandoval-Yañez
- Institute of Applied Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel 8910060, Santiago-Chile, Chile
| | - Cristian Castro Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avenida General Velásquez 1775, Arica-Chile 1000007, Chile;
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Liu S, Zhao L, Zhou Y, Wang J, Yan X. Correlation of insulin-resistance with blood fat and glucose in elder patients after surgery for hepatic carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:791-797. [PMID: 30651864 PMCID: PMC6307435 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to analyze variations in blood fat, blood glucose and insulin-resistance in elder patients following surgery for hepatic carcinoma. It also investigated the correlation of insulin with the level of serum leptin and blood fat. A total of 80 patients with primary hepatic cancer who were admitted to The First Hospital of Lanzhou University for treatment between October 2014 and June 2016 were enrolled in the study. At the 1-year follow-up, the patients were divided into two groups based on their recurrence of hepatic cancer after surgery. The levels of serum leptin were detected prior to, one month and one year after surgery; the changes in blood fat, body mass index (BMI), waistline and hipline were measured at one year after surgery; alterations in the fasting blood glucose and blood glucose were measured at 2 h after meal. The fasting insulin (FINS) level and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were also measured. Correlations between serum leptin and total cholesterol, FINS and fasting blood glucose were analyzed. In the recurrence group, the levels of serum leptin and FINS level were significantly reduced, while waistline and hipline were increased, compared with the non-recurrence group (P<0.05). The BMI and fasting blood glucose in the recurrence group was significantly elevated in comparison with the non-recurrence group (P<0.05). The HOMA-IR index was significantly increased in the recurrence group compared with the non-recurrence group (P<0.05). These results indicated that following surgery for hepatic cancer, the level of serum leptin in patients with recurrence was decreased with an increase in susceptibility to abnormal metabolism of blood fat and glucose. In addition, the serum leptin was negatively correlated with the total cholesterol level and fasting blood glucose and positively correlated with the FINS level in patients. It was concluded that leptin levels decreased in patients with postoperative recurrence, as well as the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue and the development of abnormal blood glucose metabolism was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Liu
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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