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Munu I, Nicusan AL, Crooks J, Pitt K, Windows-Yule C, Ingram A. Predicting tablet properties using In-Line measurements and evolutionary equation Discovery: A high shear wet granulation study. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124405. [PMID: 38950660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
High shear wet granulation (HSWG) is widely used in tablet manufacturing mainly because of its advantages in improving flowability, powder handling, process run time, size distribution, and preventing segregation. In line process analytical technology measurements are essential in capturing detailed particle dynamics and presenting real-time data to uncover the complexity of the HSWG process and ultimately for process control. This study presents an opportunity to predict the properties of the granules and tablets through torque measurement of the granulation bowl and the force exerted on a novel force probe within the powder bed. Inline force measurements are found to be more sensitive than torque measurements to the granulation process. The characteristic force profiles present the overall fingerprint of the high shear wet granulation, in which the evolution of the granule formation can improve our understanding of the granulation process. This provides rich information relating to the properties of the granules, identification of the even distribution of the binder liquid, and potential granulation end point. Data were obtained from an experimental high shear mixer across a range of key process parameters using a face-centred surface response design of experiment (DoE). A closed-form analytical model was developed from the DOE matrix using the discovery of evolutionary equations. The model is able to provide a strong predictive indication of the expected tablet tensile strength based only on the data in-line. The use of a closed form mathematical equation carries notable advantages over other AI methodologies such as artificial neural networks, notably improved interpretability/interrogability, and minimal inference costs, thus allowing the model to be used for real-time decision making and process control. The capability of accurately predicting, in real time, the required compaction force required to achieve the desired tablet tensile strength from upstream data carries the potential to ensure compression machine settings rapidly reach and are maintained at optimal values, thus maximising efficiency and minimising waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Munu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; GSK Global Supply Chain, Priory St, Ware SG12 0DJ, UK.
| | - Andrei L Nicusan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jason Crooks
- GSK Product Development, Park Rd, Ware SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Kendal Pitt
- GSK Global Supply Chain, Priory St, Ware SG12 0DJ, UK
| | - Christopher Windows-Yule
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew Ingram
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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2
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Matsunami K, Vandeputte T, Barrera Jiménez AA, Peeters M, Ghijs M, Van Hauwermeiren D, Stauffer F, Dos Santos Schultz E, Nopens I, De Beer T. Validation of model-based design of experiments for continuous wet granulation and drying. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123493. [PMID: 37813175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an application case of model-based design of experiments for the continuous twin-screw wet granulation and fluid-bed drying sequence. The proposed framework consists of three previously developed models. Here, we are testing the applicability of previously published unit operation models in this specific part of the production line to a new active pharmaceutical ingredient. Firstly, a T-shaped partial least squares regression model predicts d-values of granules after wet granulation with different process settings. Then, a high-resolution full granule size distribution is computed by a hybrid population balance and partial least squares regression model. Lastly, a mechanistic model of fluid-bed drying simulates drying time and energy efficiency, using the outputs of the first two models as a part of the inputs. In the application case, good operating conditions were calculated based on material and formulation properties as well as the developed process models. The framework was validated by comparing the simulation results with three experimental results. Overall, the proposed framework enables a process designer to find appropriate process settings with a less experimental workload. The framework combined with process knowledge reduced 73.2% of material consumption and 72.3% of time, especially in the early process development phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Matsunami
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium.
| | - Tuur Vandeputte
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Ana Alejandra Barrera Jiménez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Michiel Peeters
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Michael Ghijs
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Daan Van Hauwermeiren
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Fanny Stauffer
- Product Design & Performance, UCB, Braine l'Alleud, 1420, Belgium
| | | | - Ingmar Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
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3
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Anuschek M, Skelbæk-Pedersen AL, Kvistgaard Vilhelmsen T, Skibsted E, Zeitler JA, Rantanen J. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for the investigation of tablets prepared from roller compacted granules. Int J Pharm 2023; 642:123165. [PMID: 37356510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Roller compaction before tableting is a common unit operation to increase the processability of powders. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has recently been introduced as a potential process analytical technology (PAT) for measuring tablet porosity based on the refractive index of the tablet. Tablet porosity is a governing parameter for tablet disintegration and dissolution. The first aim of this study was to investigate tablets prepared from roller-compacted materials with THz-TDS to explore its usefulness for particle size evaluation of granules in tablets. Secondly, the impact of roller compaction and granule size before tablet compression on the established THz-TDS based measurement of tablet porosity was investigated. Microcrystalline cellulose and α-lactose monohydrate were roller compacted separately at five specific compaction forces (2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 kN cm-1) and fractionated into three size fractions. Tablets were prepared from the fractionated and unfractionated granules at twelve tableting pressures and subjected to THz-TDS transmission measurements. It was possible to use the scattering behaviour of the tablets at terahertz frequencies to describe the granulated materials' particle size changes during tableting. At the same time, prediction of porosity was impaired due to the deviation of the refractive index in strongly scattering samples. A correction method was introduced in which the porosity error was corrected based on the tablet's scattering behaviour, resulting in an improved prediction of tablet porosity. In conclusion, THz-TDS is considered a promising technique for the process monitoring of tableting based on its sensitivity to porosity and particle size changes within the tablet non-destructively, with a possible application as part of an in-process control strategy of the tableting of granulated or non-granulated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Anuschek
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; ET Oral Product Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Erik Skibsted
- ET Oral Product Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Serrano DR, Kara A, Yuste I, Luciano FC, Ongoren B, Anaya BJ, Molina G, Diez L, Ramirez BI, Ramirez IO, Sánchez-Guirales SA, Fernández-García R, Bautista L, Ruiz HK, Lalatsa A. 3D Printing Technologies in Personalized Medicine, Nanomedicines, and Biopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:313. [PMID: 36839636 PMCID: PMC9967161 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing technologies enable medicine customization adapted to patients' needs. There are several 3D printing techniques available, but majority of dosage forms and medical devices are printed using nozzle-based extrusion, laser-writing systems, and powder binder jetting. 3D printing has been demonstrated for a broad range of applications in development and targeting solid, semi-solid, and locally applied or implanted medicines. 3D-printed solid dosage forms allow the combination of one or more drugs within the same solid dosage form to improve patient compliance, facilitate deglutition, tailor the release profile, or fabricate new medicines for which no dosage form is available. Sustained-release 3D-printed implants, stents, and medical devices have been used mainly for joint replacement therapies, medical prostheses, and cardiovascular applications. Locally applied medicines, such as wound dressing, microneedles, and medicated contact lenses, have also been manufactured using 3D printing techniques. The challenge is to select the 3D printing technique most suitable for each application and the type of pharmaceutical ink that should be developed that possesses the required physicochemical and biological performance. The integration of biopharmaceuticals and nanotechnology-based drugs along with 3D printing ("nanoprinting") brings printed personalized nanomedicines within the most innovative perspectives for the coming years. Continuous manufacturing through the use of 3D-printed microfluidic chips facilitates their translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores R. Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aytug Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Yuste
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francis C. Luciano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Baris Ongoren
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Brayan J. Anaya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Molina
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Diez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca I. Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irving O. Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio A. Sánchez-Guirales
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Fernández-García
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana Bautista
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helga K. Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- CRUK Formulation Unit, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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5
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Rodríguez-Torrado M, Kara A, Torrado S, Romero A, Juberías A, Torrado JJ, Serrano DR. In Vitro and In Vivo Characteristics of Olive Oil as Excipient for Topical Administration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122615. [PMID: 36559109 PMCID: PMC9785628 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oily excipients are vital components of dermatological products. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of Wild Olive Oil (WOO) were compared with two other types of olive oils: Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and Virgin Olive Oil (VOO). This work has also included Liquid Paraffin (LP) and Rosehip Oil (RO) as reference oils. Melatonin was used in the study as a model drug to demonstrate the antioxidant capacity of the oils. The melatonin carrier capacity and antioxidant performance was related to the degree of unsaturation of the oils and was highest for RO and WOO and lowest for LP. However, the most stable oil to oxidation was LP. The in vivo performance of the oils in the skin of eight healthy volunteers was investigated with a dermoanalyser. The highest increment of oil and hydration in the skin was obtained with RO. The lowest perception of oiliness was described for WOO, which produced the highest increase in elasticity of the skin area where it was applied. An in vitro-in vivo correlation was therefore performed through multivariable analysis (MVA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodríguez-Torrado
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aytug Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Torrado
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Galenical and Industrial Pharmaceutical Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Juberías
- Centro Militar de Farmacia de la Defensa (CEMILFARDEF), Base Logística de San Pedro, Colmenar Viejo, 28770 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Torrado
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Galenical and Industrial Pharmaceutical Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.T.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Dolores R. Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.T.); (D.R.S.)
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Rodríguez Fernández MJ, Serrano Lopez DR, Torrado JJ. Effect of Primary Packaging Material on the Stability Characteristics of Diazepam and Midazolam Parenteral Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102061. [PMID: 36297493 PMCID: PMC9611996 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diazepam and midazolam are formulated in autoinjectors for parenteral administration to decrease seizures in the case of emergency. However, the compatibility of these lipophilic drugs with the primary packaging material is a key part of drug formulation development. In this work, diazepam and midazolam were packaged in glass syringes as parenteral solutions using two different elastomeric sealing materials (PH 701/50 C BLACK and 4023/50 GRAY). Syringes were stored at three different storage temperatures: 4, 25, and 40 °C. At different time points over 3 years, physical appearance, benzodiazepine sorption on the sealing elastomeric materials, and drug content in solution were assayed. A detailed study on the adsorption profile of both benzodiazepines on the elastomeric gaskets was performed, indicating that the novel rubber material made of bromobutyl derivatives (4023/50 GRAY) is a better choice for manufacturing autoinjectors due to lower drug adsorption. Diazepam showed a better stability profile than midazolam, with the latter solubilised as a hydrochloride salt in an acidic pH that can affect the integrity of the elastomer over time. The amount of drug adsorbed on the surface of the elastomer was measured by NIR and correlated using chemometric models with the amount retained in the elastomeric gaskets quantified by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Rodríguez Fernández
- Defense Military Pharmacy Center (CEMILFARDEF), Colmenar Viejo, 28770 Madrid, Spain
- Quick Identification Laboratory, Military Emergency Unit, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Remedios Serrano Lopez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.S.L.); (J.J.T.)
| | - Juan José Torrado
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.S.L.); (J.J.T.)
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7
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Hydrochlorothiazide/Losartan Potassium Tablet Prepared by Direct Compression. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081741. [PMID: 36015367 PMCID: PMC9415297 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)/losartan potassium (LOS-K) was used as a model drug to prepare compound tablets through the investigation of the compression and mechanical properties of mixed powders to determine the formulation and preparation factors, followed by D-optimal mixture experimental design to optimize the final parameters. The type and amount of lactose monohydrate (SuperTab®14SD, 19.53−26.91%), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC PH102, 32.86−43.31%), pre-gelatinized starch (Starch-1500, 10.96−15.91%), and magnesium stearate (0.7%) were determined according to the compressive work, stress relaxation curves, and Py value. Then, the compression mechanism of the mixed powder was investigated by the Kawakita equation, Shapiro equation, and Heckel analysis, and the mixed powder was classified as a Class-II powder. The compaction pressure (150−300 MPa) and tableting speed (1200−2400 Tab/h) were recommended. A D-optimal mixture experimental design was utilized to select the optimal formulation (No 1, 26.027% lactose monohydrate, 32.811% MCC PH102, and 15.462% pregelatinized starch) according to the drug dissolution rate, using Hyzaar® tablets as a control. Following oral administration in beagle dogs, there were no significant differences in bioavailability between the No. 1 tablet and the Hyzaar® tablet in HCTZ, losartan carboxylic acid (E-3174), and LOS-K (F < F0.05). Thus, formulation and preparation factors were determined according to the combination of the compression and mechanical properties of the mixed powder and quality of tablets, which was demonstrated to be a feasible method in direct powder compression.
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Torrado-Salmeron C, Laguna A, Guillén A, Saro MG, Matji A, Torrado JJ, Serrano DR. Tailoring Rational Manufacturing of Extemporaneous Compounding Oral Dosage Formulations with a Low Dose of Minoxidil. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030658. [PMID: 35336032 PMCID: PMC8950007 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low amounts of minoxidil in oral dosage forms are commonly prescribed as anti-alopecic pharmacological treatments. Side effects are usually related to individual susceptibility. However, poor drug content and mass uniformity can lead to a potential risk of overdosing, and higher chances to experience side effects. The impacts of four formulation variables on drug content and mass pharmaceutical quality attributes were studied with an experimental design at two levels. The first variable (A) was the particle size of the direct compression microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) used as a diluent (Avicel® PH 101 vs. LP 200). The second variable (B) was the type of production process (direct filling vs. wet granulation). The third variable (C) was the particle size of riboflavin added as a color mixture indicator agent (granular vs. milled). The fourth variable (D) was the type of oral solid dosage form (capsule vs. tablet). In half of the formulations, the mean minoxidil content and minoxidil uniformity were out of the specification limits of the Pharmacopoeia, demonstrating the importance of carefully selecting the excipients as well as the utilized process when manufacturing low oral dosage minoxidil formulations. The best minoxidil content uniformity was achieved when using MCC LP 200, wet granulation, granular riboflavin, and capsules. However, tablets are the recommended dosage form when utilizing Avicel® PH 101 or direct filling. Meeting these criteria, the content and mass uniformity are more likely to meet the specification limits of the Pharmacopeia. Techniques such as NIR spectroscopy should be implemented to control the quality of extemporaneous compounding formulations with a low dose of active ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Torrado-Salmeron
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28240 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (A.L.); (A.G.); (M.G.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Almudena Laguna
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28240 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (A.L.); (A.G.); (M.G.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Alicia Guillén
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28240 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (A.L.); (A.G.); (M.G.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Miguel G. Saro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28240 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (A.L.); (A.G.); (M.G.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Matji
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28240 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (A.L.); (A.G.); (M.G.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Juan J. Torrado
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28240 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (A.L.); (A.G.); (M.G.S.); (A.M.)
- Galenical and Industrial Pharmaceutical Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28240 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.T.); (D.R.S.); Tel.: +34-91-394-1620 (J.J.T.)
| | - Dolores R. Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28240 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (A.L.); (A.G.); (M.G.S.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.T.); (D.R.S.); Tel.: +34-91-394-1620 (J.J.T.)
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9
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Wang LG, Omar C, Litster JD, Li J, Mitchell N, Bellinghausen S, Barrasso D, Salman A, Slade D. Tableting model assessment of porosity and tensile strength using a continuous wet granulation route. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120934. [PMID: 34310957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the most widely used tablet compaction models in a continuous wet granulation tableting process. The porosity models, tensile strength models and lubricant models are reviewed from the literature and classified based on their formulations i.e. empirical or theoretical and applications, i.e. batch or continuous. The majority of these models are empirical and were initially developed for batch tabletting process. To ascertain their effectiveness and serviceability in the continuous tableting process, a continuous powder processing line of Diamond Pilot Plant (DiPP) installed at The University of Sheffield was used to provide the quantitative data for tablet model assessment. Magnesium stearate (MgSt) is used as a lubricant to investigate its influence on the tensile strength. Whilst satisfactory predictions from the tablet models can be produced, a compromise between the model fidelity and model simplicity needs to be made for a suitable model selection. The Sonnergaard model outperforms amongst the porosity models whilst the Reynolds model produces the best goodness of fitting for two parameters fitting porosity models. An improved tensile strength model is proposed to consider the influence of powder size and porosity in the continuous tableting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ge Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK; Siemens Process Systems Engineering, Hammersmith, London, UK
| | - Chalak Omar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - James D Litster
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK.
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Siemens Process Systems Engineering, Parsippany, NJ Office, USA
| | - Niall Mitchell
- Siemens Process Systems Engineering, Hammersmith, London, UK
| | | | - Dana Barrasso
- Siemens Process Systems Engineering, Parsippany, NJ Office, USA
| | - Agba Salman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - David Slade
- Siemens Process Systems Engineering, Hammersmith, London, UK
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10
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Jang EH, Park YS, Choi DH. Investigation of the effects of materials and dry granulation process on the mirabegron tablet by integrated QbD approach with multivariate analysis. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Ayyoubi S, Cerda JR, Fernández-García R, Knief P, Lalatsa A, Healy AM, Serrano DR. 3D printed spherical mini-tablets: Geometry versus composition effects in controlling dissolution from personalised solid dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120336. [PMID: 33545280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral dosage forms are by far the most common prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical dosage forms used worldwide. However, many patients suffer from adverse effects caused by their use of "one-size fits all" mass produced commercially available solid dosage forms, whereby they do not receive dedicated medication or dosage adjusted to their specific needs. The development of 3D printing paves the way for personalised medicine. This work focuses on personalised therapies for hypertensive patients using nifedipine as the model drug. 3D printed full solid and channelled spherical mini-tablets with enhanced surface area (1.6-fold higher) were printed using modified PVA commercial filaments loaded by passive diffusion (PD), and Kollidon VA64 (KVA) and ethylcellulose (EC) based filaments prepared by hot-melt extrusion (HME). Drug loading ranged from 3.7% to 60% based on the employed technique, with a 13-fold higher drug loading achieved with the HME compared to PD. Composition was found to have a more significant impact on drug dissolution than geometry and surface area. Both KVA and EC-based formulations exhibited a biphasic zero-order drug-release profile. Physicochemical characterization revealed that nifedipine was in the amorphous form in the KVA-based end-products which led to a greater dissolution control over a 24 h period compared to the EC-based formulations that exhibited low levels of crystallinity by PXRD. The proposed 3D printed spherical mini-tablets provide a versatile technology for personalised solid dosage forms with high drug loading and dissolution control, easily adaptable to patient and disease needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejad Ayyoubi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; School of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jose R Cerda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Fernández-García
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Knief
- UCD Centre for Precision Surgery, Catherine McAuley Education and Research Centre, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2 DT, UK
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- SSPC The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dolores R Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Farmacia Industrial y Galénica, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Emerson J, Vivacqua V, Stitt H. Data-Driven Modelling of a Pelleting Process and Prediction of Pellet Physical Properties. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16257309767812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the manufacture of pelleted catalyst products, controlling physical properties of the pellets and limiting their variability is of critical importance. To achieve tight control over these critical quality attributes (CQAs), it is necessary to understand their relationship with the properties of the powder feed and the pelleting process parameters (PPs). This work explores the latter, using standard multivariate methods to gain a better understanding of the sources of process variability and the impact of PPs on the density and strength of the resulting pellets. A Kilian STYL’ONE EVO Compaction Simulator machine was used to produce over 1000 pellets, whose properties were measured, with varied powder feed mechanism and powder feed rate. Process data recorded by the Compaction Simulator machine were analysed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to understand the key aspects of variability in the process. This was followed by Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression to predict pellet density and hardness from the Compaction Simulator data. Pellet density was predicted accurately, achieving an R2 metric of 0.87 in 10-fold cross-validation, and 0.86 in an independent hold-out test. Pellet hardness proved more difficult to predict accurately, with an R2 of 0.67 in 10-fold cross-validation, and 0.63 in an independent hold-out test. This may however simply be highlighting measurement quality issues in pellet hardness data. The PLS models provided direct insights into the relationships between pelleting PPs and pellet CQAs and highlighted the potential for such models in process monitoring and control applications. Furthermore, the overall modelling process boosted understanding of the key sources of process and product variability, which can guide future efforts to improve pelleting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Emerson
- Johnson Matthey, PO Box 1 Belasis Avenue, Billingham, TS23 1LB, UK
| | | | - Hugh Stitt
- Johnson Matthey, PO Box 1 Belasis Avenue, Billingham, TS23 1LB, UK
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13
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Mathe R, Casian T, Tomuţă I. Multivariate feed forward process control and optimization of an industrial, granulation based tablet manufacturing line using historical data. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119988. [PMID: 33080308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to understand the variability in disintegration time and tableting yield of high drug load (>60%) tablets prepared by batch-wise high shear wet granulation. The novelty of the study is the use of multivariate methods (Batch Evolution Models - BEMs and Batch Level Models - BLMs) to enhance process control, with a feed forward component, using prediction models built from a historical dataset acquired for 95 industrial scale batches. Time dependent process variables and significant influences on investigated parameters were identified. Prediction of output from input was tested with Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling. A reliable prediction ability was achieved for granulation water amount (±2 kg in a 16-31 kg range), tableting speed (±5000 tablets/h in a 23,000-72,500 tabl./h range) and disintegration time of cores (±100 s; in a 250-900 s range). Offsets from the optimal process evolution and certain raw material properties were correlated with differences observed in the output variables. Improvement options were identified for 80% of the batches with high disintegration time. Hence, the trained models can be applied for systematic process improvement, enabling feed forward control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mathe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioan Tomuţă
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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14
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Prikeržnik M, Srčič S. Multivariate analysis for optimization and validation of the industrial tablet-manufacturing process. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 47:61-71. [PMID: 33190569 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1851244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed initially to optimize the industrial tablet-manufacturing process using multivariate analysis, and then to validate the model obtained. The study also provides a comprehensive review of the influence of different factors on relevant biopharmaceutical parameters. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first time multivariate analysis has been applied to such a broad set of industrial data to investigate the influence of starting materials and the tablet-manufacturing processes on drug dissolution. METHODS Partial least squares regression was retrospectively applied to the data obtained from 2 years production, to study the influence of 90 factors on dissolution of tablets that contained two active pharmaceutical ingredients. The model established was verified using the worst-case approach and process validation. RESULTS Croscarmellose sodium had the most significant influence on drug dissolution, with the next significant factors as sodium chloride and sodium glycolate content, settling volume, particle size, suspension pH, loss on drying, and maximum temperature during drying. Loss on drying of microcrystalline cellulose and specific surface area of magnesium stearate were also essential factors. Among the process parameters, auger speed during roller compaction, compression speed, and force feeder speed during tablet compression had significant impacts on the tablet dissolution rate. The multivariate model created satisfied the process validation. CONCLUSIONS This multivariate analysis is a useful tool to predict and optimize critical material attributes and process parameters. The variability of the materials can be successfully compensated for using various process parameters, to ensure consistent approved drug quality, to thus provide better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Prikeržnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Lek Pharmaceuticals, d. d, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanko Srčič
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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A Precise Prediction Method for the Properties of API-Containing Tablets Based on Data from Placebo Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070601. [PMID: 32605318 PMCID: PMC7408303 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a novel method for the precise prediction of tablet properties (e.g., tensile strength (TS)) using a small number of experimental data. The key technique of this method is to compensate for the lack of experimental data by using data of placebo tablets collected in a database. This study provides further technical knowledge to discuss the usefulness of this prediction method. Placebo tablets consisting of microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, and cornstarch were prepared using the design of an experimental method, and their TS and disintegration time (DT) were measured. The response surfaces representing the relationship between the formulation and the tablet properties were then created. This study investigated tablets containing four different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with a drug load ranging from 20–60%. Overall, the TS of API-containing tablets could be precisely predicted by this method, while the prediction accuracy of the DT was much lower than that of the TS. These results suggested that the mode of action of APIs on the DT was more complicated than that on the TS. Our prediction method could be valuable for the development of tablet formulations.
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Personalised 3D Printed Medicines: Optimising Material Properties for Successful Passive Diffusion Loading of Filaments for Fused Deposition Modelling of Solid Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040345. [PMID: 32290400 PMCID: PMC7238181 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although not readily accessible yet to many community and hospital pharmacists, fuse deposition modelling (FDM) is a 3D printing technique that can be used to create a 3D pharmaceutical dosage form by employing drug loaded filaments extruded via a nozzle, melted and deposited layer by layer. FDM requires printable filaments, which are commonly manufactured by hot melt extrusion, and identifying a suitable extrudable drug-excipient mixture can sometimes be challenging. We propose here the use of passive diffusion as an accessible loading method for filaments that can be printed using FDM technology to allow for the fabrication of oral personalised medicines in clinical settings. Utilising Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) and the concept of HSP distances (Ra) between drug, solvent, and filament, we have developed a facile pre-screening tool for the selection of the optimal combination that can provide a high drug loading (a high solvent-drug Ra, >10, and an intermediate solvent-filament Ra value, ~10). We have identified that other parameters such as surface roughness and stiffness also play a key role in enhancing passive diffusion of the drug into the filaments. A predictive model for drug loading was developed based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) regression and indicated a strong correlation between both Ra and filament stiffness and the diffusion capacity of a model BCS Class II drug, nifedipine (NFD), into the filaments. A drug loading, close to 3% w/w, was achieved. 3D printed tablets prepared using a PVA-derived filament (Hydrosupport, 3D Fuel) showed promising characteristics in terms of dissolution (with a sustained release over 24 h) and predicted chemical stability (>3 years at 25 °C/60% relative humidity), similar to commercially available NFD oral dosage forms. We believe FDM coupled with passive diffusion could be implemented easily in clinical settings for the manufacture of tailored personalised medicines, which can be stored over long periods of time (similar to industrially manufactured solid dosage forms).
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17
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A model to simultaneously evaluate the compressibility and compactibility of a powder based on the compression ratio. Int J Pharm 2020; 577:119023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Creation of novel large dataset comprising several granulation methods and the prediction of tablet properties from critical material attributes and critical process parameters using regularized linear regression models including interaction terms. Int J Pharm 2020; 577:119083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Matji A, Vargas E, Carvajal L, Terleira AI, Portolés A, Garcia-Arieta A, Torrado JJ, Serrano DR. Effect of enantiomerism on the bioequivalence of a new ibuprofen 600-mg tablet formulation obtained by roller compaction. Chirality 2019; 32:185-190. [PMID: 31755587 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The bioequivalence of a new ibuprofen 600-mg film-coated tablet obtained by roller compaction was studied in a crossover study with 22 healthy volunteers. Bioequivalence was analyzed based on (a) the S-enantiomer, (b) the R-enantiomer, and (c) the sum of both enantiomers (representing the results of an achiral assay). The bioequivalence conclusion for ibuprofen products should be based not only on AUC and Cmax but also on tmax since tmax is related to the onset of action. However, it is not possible to ensure if bioequivalence has been demonstrated for tmax as regulators have not defined the acceptance range for the difference between medians of tmax in those cases, where tmax is clinically relevant. In this study, it was possible to conclude bioequivalence for tmax based on S-ibuprofen, though this conclusion might be questioned if the decision is based on R-ibuprofen or the achiral method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Matji
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Vargas
- Clinical Pharmacology Service, Pharmacology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Complutense University of Madrid/IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Carvajal
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Terleira
- Clinical Pharmacology Service, Pharmacology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Complutense University of Madrid/IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Portolés
- Clinical Pharmacology Service, Pharmacology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Complutense University of Madrid/IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Garcia-Arieta
- Pharmacology and Clinical Evaluation, Human Use Medicines, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Care Products, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Torrado
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores R Serrano
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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