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Baudis S, Roch T, Balk M, Wischke C, Lendlein A, Behl M. Multivariate Analysis of Cellular Uptake Characteristics for a (Co)polymer Particle Library. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1481-1493. [PMID: 38374768 PMCID: PMC10934412 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Controlling cellular responses to nanoparticles so far is predominantly empirical, typically requiring multiple rounds of optimization of particulate carriers. In this study, a systematic model-assisted approach should lead to the identification of key parameters that account for particle properties and their cellular recognition. A copolymer particle library was synthesized by a combinatorial approach in soap free emulsion copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate, leading to a broad compositional as well as constitutional spectrum. The proposed structure-property relationships could be elucidated by multivariate analysis of the obtained experimental data, including physicochemical characteristics such as molar composition, molecular weight, particle diameter, and particle charge as well as the cellular uptake pattern of nanoparticles. It was found that the main contributors for particle size were the polymers' molecular weight and the zeta potential, while particle uptake is mainly directed by the particles' composition. This knowledge and the reported model-assisted procedure to identify relevant parameters affecting particle engulfment of particulate carriers by nonphagocytic and phagocytic cells can be of high relevance for the rational design of pharmaceutical nanocarriers and assessment of biodistribution and nanotoxicity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Baudis
- Institute
of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Toralf Roch
- Institute
of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Maria Balk
- Institute
of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Christian Wischke
- Institute
of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute
of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biology, University
of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Marc Behl
- Institute
of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
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Predictive Shapes of Ellipsoid PPDL-PTHF Copolymer Particles Prepared by the Phantom Stretching Technique. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183762. [PMID: 36145905 PMCID: PMC9502769 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellipsoidal polymer particles can be prepared from spheres by unidirectional stretching at elevated temperatures, while the particles’ aspect ratios (AR) that result from this phantom stretching methodology are often not precisely predictable. Here, an elastic deformation model was exemplarily evaluated for ~50 µm spherical microparticles from PPDL-PTHF block copolymers. The prolate ellipsoidal particles, obtained by stretching in polyvinyl alcohol phantoms, differed in dimensions at identical relative phantoms elongations up to 150%, depending on the relative polymer composition and their systematically altered mechanical properties. Importantly, the resulting particle shapes within the studied range of AR up to ~4 matched the predictions of the elastic deformation model, which includes information of the elastic moduli of phantom and particle materials. These data suggest that the model may be applicable to predict the conditions needed to precisely prepare ellipsoids of desired AR and may be applicable to various deformable particle materials.
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Moreno-Mendieta S, Guillén D, Vasquez-Martínez N, Hernández-Pando R, Sánchez S, Rodríguez-Sanoja R. Understanding the Phagocytosis of Particles: the Key for Rational Design of Vaccines and Therapeutics. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1823-1849. [PMID: 35739369 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A robust comprehension of phagocytosis is crucial for understanding its importance in innate immunity. A detailed description of the molecular mechanisms that lead to the uptake and clearance of endogenous and exogenous particles has helped elucidate the role of phagocytosis in health and infectious or autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, knowledge about this cellular process is important for the rational design and development of particulate systems for the administration of vaccines or therapeutics. Depending on these specific applications and the required biological responses, particles must be designed to encourage or avoid their phagocytosis and prolong their circulation time. Functionalization with specific polymers or ligands and changes in the size, shape, or surface of particles have important effects on their recognition and internalization by professional and nonprofessional phagocytes and have a major influence on their fate and safety. Here, we review the phagocytosis of particles intended to be used as carrier or delivery systems for vaccines or therapeutics, the cells involved in this process depending on the route of administration, and the strategies employed to obtain the most desirable particles for each application through the manipulation of their physicochemical characteristics. We also offer a view of the challenges and potential opportunities in the field and give some recommendations that we expect will enable the development of improved approaches for the rational design of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moreno-Mendieta
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Ciudad de México, Mexico. .,Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Guillén
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Vasquez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Romina Rodríguez-Sanoja
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Bjørge IM, Correia CR, Mano JF. Hipster microcarriers: exploring geometrical and topographical cues of non-spherical microcarriers in biomedical applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:908-933. [PMID: 34908074 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Structure and organisation are key aspects of the native tissue environment, which ultimately condition cell fate via a myriad of processes, including the activation of mechanotransduction pathways. By modulating the formation of integrin-mediated adhesions and consequently impacting cell contractility, engineered geometrical and topographical cues may be introduced to activate downstream signalling and ultimately control cell morphology, proliferation, and differentiation. Microcarriers appear as attractive vehicles for cell-based tissue engineering strategies aiming to modulate this 3D environment, but also as vehicles for cell-free applications, given the ease in tuning their chemical and physical properties. In this review, geometry and topography are highlighted as two preponderant features in actively regulating interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix. While most studies focus on the 2D environment, we focus on how the incorporation of these strategies in 3D systems could be beneficial. The techniques applied to design 3D microcarriers with unique geometries and surface topographical cues are covered, as well as specific tissue engineering approaches employing these microcarriers. In fact, successfully achieving a functional histoarchitecture may depend on a combination of fine-tuned geometrically shaped microcarriers presenting intricately tailored topographical cues. Lastly, we pinpoint microcarrier geometry as a key player in cell-free biomaterial-based strategies, and its impact on drug release kinetics, the production of steerable microcarriers to target tumour cells, and as protein or antibody biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Bjørge
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Clara R Correia
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Friess F, Lendlein A, Wischke C. Switching microobjects from low to high aspect ratios using a shape-memory effect. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9326-9331. [PMID: 34605513 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00947h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spherical particles from shape-memory polymers (SMP) can be stretched to ellipsoids with high aspect ratio (AR) and temporarily stabilized. They can switch back to low AR upon thermal stimulation. Here, the creation of an alternative shape-switching capability of particles from low to high AR is introduced, where a SMP matrix from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used to create crosslinked high AR particles and to program the embedded micrometer-sized particles from a second SMP (oligo(ε-caprolactone) micronetworks, MN) with a low switching temperature Tsw. This programming proceeds through shape-recovery of the PVA matrix, from which the MN are harvested by PVA matrix dissolution. The use of a dissolvable SMP matrix may be a general strategy to efficiently create systems with complex moving capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Friess
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Wischke
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.
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Gadzinowski M, Mickiewicz D, Basinska T. Spherical versus prolate spheroidal particles in biosciences: Does the shape make a difference? POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Gadzinowski
- Polymer Division, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Lodz Poland
| | - Damian Mickiewicz
- Polymer Division, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Lodz Poland
| | - Teresa Basinska
- Polymer Division, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Lodz Poland
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Bai Y, Zhang J, Ju J, Liu J, Chen X. Shape memory microparticles with permanent shape reconfiguration ability and near infrared light responsiveness. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Concepts for efficient preparation of particulate polymer carrier systems by droplet-based microfluidics. Int J Pharm 2020; 584:119401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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