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Ozaki M, Kobayashi T, Fujinaga A, Nishioka M, Shikichi K, Okano S, Sakai Y, Fujii S, Matsui N, Takasago M, Okada N, Yamasaki T, Kitahara T. Influence of filtering on the effective concentration and sterility of a 2% cyclosporine ophthalmic solution: a quality improvement perspective. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2023; 9:50. [PMID: 38148477 PMCID: PMC10752018 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-023-00323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical companies do not sell formulations for all diseases; thus, healthcare workers have to treat some diseases by concocting in-hospital preparations. An example is the high-concentration 2% cyclosporine A (CyA) ophthalmic solution. Utilizing a filter in sterility operations is a general practice for concocting in-hospital preparations, as is the case for preparing a 2% CyA ophthalmic solution. However, whether filtering is appropriate concerning the active ingredient content and bacterial contamination according to the post-preparing quality control of a 2% CyA ophthalmic solution is yet to be verified. METHODS We conducted particle size, preparation concentration, and bacterial contamination studies to clarify aforementioned questions. First, we measured the particle size of CyA through a laser diffraction particle size distribution. Next, we measured the concentration after preparation with or without a 0.45-µm filter operation using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Finally, bacterial contamination tests were conducted using an automated blood culture system to prepare a 2% CyA ophthalmic solution without a 0.45 μm filtering. Regarding the pore size of the filter in this study, it was set to 0.45 μm with reference to the book (the 6th edition) with recipes for the preparation of in-hospital preparations edited by the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists. RESULTS CyA had various particle sizes; approximately 30% of the total particles exceeded 0.45 μm. The mean ± standard deviation of filtered and non-filtered CyA concentrations in ophthalmic solutions were 346.51 ± 170.76 and 499.74 ± 76.95ng/mL, respectively (p = 0.011). Regarding bacterial contamination tests, aerobes and anaerobes microorganisms were not detected in 14 days of culture. CONCLUSIONS Due to the results of this study, the concentration of CyA may be reduced by using a 0.45-µm filter during the preparation of CyA ophthalmic solutions, and furthermore that the use of a 0.45-µm filter may not contribute to sterility when preparing CyA ophthalmic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Ozaki
- Pharmacy Department , Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Kobayashi
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Aki Fujinaga
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Nishioka
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shikichi
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okano
- Pharmacy Department , Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Sakai
- Pharmacy Department , Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Sayumi Fujii
- Pharmacy Department , Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsui
- Department of Pharmacy, Fukuyama City Hospital, 5-23-1, Zao-cho, 721- 8511, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miwako Takasago
- Pharmacy Department , Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Naoto Okada
- Pharmacy Department , Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitahara
- Pharmacy Department , Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1- 1-1, Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Pınar SG, Canpınar H, Tan Ç, Çelebi N. A new nanosuspension prepared with wet milling method for oral delivery of highly variable drug Cyclosporine A: Development, optimization and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 171:106123. [PMID: 35017012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a cyclic polypeptide, that has been widely used for immunosuppression. This study aims to develop nanosuspension for oral administration of CsA using the wet milling (WM) method one of the top-down technologies. The WM method was optimized by studying the effects of critical process parameters for WM on the particle size (PS), particle size distribution (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP) of nanosuspensions using the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. Nanosuspension was developed using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and in vitro characterization studies were performed. In vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies were conducted with biorelevant media (fasted and fed state simulated fluids) and fasted and fed states in rats, respectively. In vivo immunological studies were also performed. PS, PDI, and ZP values for nanosuspension were approximately 600 nm, 0.4, -25 mV, respectively. The solubility of CsA was increased by 4.5-folds by nanosuspensions. Dissolution studies showed that nanosuspension had higher dissolution than the commercial product in the FeSSIF medium. The pharmacokinetic study indicated that AUC0-24 values of CsA nanosuspension were to be 2.09 and 5.51-fold higher than coarse powder in fasted and fed conditions, respectively. Immunological studies were carried out after oral administration of nanosuspension for 21 days, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was found to be more acceptable than the commercial product. These results demonstrated that nanosuspension is a promising approach for increasing the bioavailability and avoiding the food effect on absorption of CsA which one of the highly variable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıla Gülbağ Pınar
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Etiler, 06330, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey; Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 32260, Çünür, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hande Canpınar
- Hacettepe University, Cancer Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağman Tan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Child Health, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Çelebi
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Etiler, 06330, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey; Başkent University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06790, Etimesgut, Ankara, Turkey.
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