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Xu W, Leskinen J, Sahlström T, Happonen E, Tarvainen T, Lehto VP. Assembly of fluorophore J-aggregates with nanospacer onto mesoporous nanoparticles for enhanced photoacoustic imaging. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 33:100552. [PMID: 38021288 PMCID: PMC10658600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Many fluorophores, such as indocyanine green (ICG), have poor photostability and low photothermal efficiency hindering their wide application in photoacoustic (PA) tomography. In the present study, a supramolecular assembly approach was used to develop the hybrid nanoparticles (Hy NPs) of ICG and porous silicon (PSi) as a novel contrast agent for PA tomography. ICG was assembled on the PSi NPs to form J-aggregates within 30 min. The Hy NPs presented a red-shifted absorption, improved photothermal stability, and enhanced PA performance. Furthermore, 1-dodecene (DOC) was assembled into the NPs as a 'nanospacer', which enhanced non-radiative decay for increased thermal release. Compared to the Hy NPs, adding DOC into the Hy NPs (DOC-Hy) increased the PA signal by 83%. Finally, the DOC-Hy was detectable in PA tomography at 1.5 cm depth in tissue phantom even though its concentration was as low as 6.25 µg/mL, indicating the potential for deep tissue PA imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Xu
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Leskinen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Sahlström
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emilia Happonen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tanja Tarvainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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Valerio TI, Furrer CL, Sadeghipour N, Patrock SJX, Tillery SA, Hoover AR, Liu K, Chen WR. Immune modulations of the tumor microenvironment in response to phototherapy. JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE OPTICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2023; 16:2330007. [PMID: 38550850 PMCID: PMC10976517 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545823300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes pro-tumor and anti-inflammatory metabolisms and suppresses the host immune system. It prevents immune cells from fighting against cancer effectively, resulting in limited efficacy of many current cancer treatment modalities. Different therapies aim to overcome the immunosuppressive TME by combining various approaches to synergize their effects for enhanced anti-tumor activity and augmented stimulation of the immune system. Immunotherapy has become a major therapeutic strategy because it unleashes the power of the immune system by activating, enhancing, and directing immune responses to prevent, control, and eliminate cancer. Phototherapy uses light irradiation to induce tumor cell death through photothermal, photochemical, and photo-immunological interactions. Phototherapy induces tumor immunogenic cell death, which is a precursor and enhancer for anti-tumor immunity. However, phototherapy alone has limited effects on long-term and systemic anti-tumor immune responses. Phototherapy can be combined with immunotherapy to improve the tumoricidal effect by killing target tumor cells, enhancing immune cell infiltration in tumors, and rewiring pathways in the TME from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory. Phototherapy-enhanced immunotherapy triggers effective cooperation between innate and adaptive immunities, specifically targeting the tumor cells, whether they are localized or distant. Herein, the successes and limitations of phototherapy combined with other cancer treatment modalities will be discussed. Specifically, we will review the synergistic effects of phototherapy combined with different cancer therapies on tumor elimination and remodeling of the immunosuppressive TME. Overall, phototherapy, in combination with other therapeutic modalities, can establish anti-tumor pro-inflammatory phenotypes in activated tumor-infiltrating T cells and B cells and activate systemic anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha I. Valerio
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Coline L. Furrer
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Negar Sadeghipour
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Sophia-Joy X. Patrock
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Sayre A. Tillery
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Ashley R. Hoover
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Kaili Liu
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Wei R. Chen
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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Zhou Z, Li S, Gong X. Polydopamine Nanoparticles-Based Photothermal Effect Against Adhesion Formation in a Rat Model of Achilles Tendon Laceration Repair. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1765-1776. [PMID: 37038441 PMCID: PMC10082603 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s393454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adhesion formation after tendon surgery is a major obstacle to repair of tendon ruptures, and there is still no effective clinical anti-adhesion method. Myofibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) play a crucial role in adhered fibrous tissue. Heat shock protein (Hsp) 72 can selectively prevent the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which mediates the conversion from fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to investigate for the first time whether polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs)-based photothermal effect would attenuate adhesion formation in a rat model of Achilles tendon laceration repair. Materials and Methods Forty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the photothermal group, the control group and the PDA NPs group (n = 15 per group). The primary outcome measure was the adhesion scores at two weeks after surgery according to the grading of Tang et al. The secondary outcomes included the expressions of Hsp 72, JNK, phosphorylated JNK and α-SMA, which were measured by immunohistochemistry or Western blot. Results The average adhesion score was significantly lower in the photothermal group (4.25 ± 0.21) than that in the control group (5.29 ± 0.12) (p = 0.005) and the PDA NPs group (5.29 ± 0.20) (p = 0.005). Relative to the control group and PDA NPs group, Hsp 72 in the photothermal group was significantly increased whereas α-SMA and p-JNK was significantly decreased, but JNK was not found to be different across the three groups. Conclusion The photothermal effect produced by PDA NPs could reduce tendon adhesion formation in rats by inhibiting myocyte fibrosis, which may have potential in developing endogenous heating for postsurgical tissue adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Zhou
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Tissue Repair, Reconstruction and Regeneration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Li
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Tissue Repair, Reconstruction and Regeneration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Gong
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Tissue Repair, Reconstruction and Regeneration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xu Gong, Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13944099151, Email
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Xu W, Pang C, Song C, Qian J, Feola S, Cerullo V, Fan L, Yu H, Lehto VP. Black porous silicon as a photothermal agent and immunoadjuvant for efficient antitumor immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:473-483. [PMID: 36087872 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) in combination with other treatment modalities has shown great potential to activate immunotherapy against tumor metastasis. However, the nanoparticles (NPs) that generate PTT have served as the photothermal agent only. Moreover, researchers have widely utilized highly immunogenic tumor models to evaluate the immune response of these NPs thus giving over-optimistic results. In the present study black porous silicon (BPSi) NPs were developed to serve as both the photothermal agent and the adjuvant for PTT-based antitumor immunotherapy. We found that the poorly immunogenic tumor models such as B16 are more valid to evaluate NP-based immunotherapy than the widely used immunogenic models such as CT26. Based on the B16 cancer model, a cocktail regimen was developed that combined BPSi-based PTT with doxorubicin (DOX) and cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG). BPSi-based PTT was an important trigger to activate the specific immunotherapy to inhibit tumor growth by featuring the selective upregulation of TNF-α. Either by adding a low dose DOX or by prolonging the laser heating time, a similar efficacy of immunotherapy was evoked to inhibit tumor growth. Moreover, BPSi acted as a co-adjuvant for CpG to significantly boost the immunotherapy. The present study demonstrates that the BPSi-based regimen is a potent and safe antitumor immunotherapy modality. Moreover, our study highlighted that tuning the laser heating parameters of PTT is an alternative to the toxic cytostatic to evoke immunotherapy, paving the way to optimize the PTT-based combination therapy for enhanced efficacy and decreased side effects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tumor metastasis causes directly or indirectly more than 90% of cancer deaths. Combination of photothermal therapy (PTT), chemotherapy and immunotherapy based on nanoparticles (NPs) has shown great potential to inhibit distant and metastatic tumors. However, these NPs typically act only as photothermal agents and many of them have been evaluated with immunogenic tumor models. The present study developed black porous silicon working as both the photothermal conversion agent and the immunoadjuvant to inhibit distant tumor. It was recognized that the poorly immunogenic tumor model B16 is more appropriate to evaluate immunotherapy than the widely used immunogenic model CT26. The coordination mechanism of the PTT-based combination therapy regimen was discovered in detail, paving the way to optimize cancer immunotherapy for enhanced efficacy and decreased side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
| | - Cui Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Airforce Medical University, 169th Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Oncology, The Air Force Hospital from Eastern Theater of PLA, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Chaojun Song
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sara Feola
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Airforce Medical University, 169th Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Haijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
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Dai X, Li X, Liu Y, Yan F. Recent advances in nanoparticles-based photothermal therapy synergizing with immune checkpoint blockade therapy. MATERIALS & DESIGN 2022; 217:110656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
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Asadi S, Korganbayev S, Xu W, Mapanao AK, Voliani V, Lehto VP, Saccomandi P. Experimental Evaluation of Radiation Response and Thermal Properties of NPs-Loaded Tissues-Mimicking Phantoms. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060945. [PMID: 35335758 PMCID: PMC8950154 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Many efforts have recently concentrated on constructing and developing nanoparticles (NPs) as promising thermal agent for optical hyperthermia and photothermal therapy. However, thermal energy transfer in biological tissue is a complex process involving different mechanisms such as conduction, convection, radiation. Therefore, having information about thermal properties of tissue especially when NPs are embedded in is a necessity for predicting the heat transfer during hyperthermia. In this work, the thermal properties of solid phantom based on agar in the presence of three different nanoparticles (BPSi, tNAs, GNRs) and alone were measured and reported as a function of temperature (ranging from 22 to 62 °C). The thermal response of these NPs to an 808 nm laser beam with three different powers were studied in the water comparatively. Agar and tNAs have almost constant thermal properties in the considered range. Among the three NPs, gold has the highest conductivity and diffusivity. At 62 °C BPSi NPs have the similar amount of increase for the diffusivity. The thermal parameters reported in this paper can be useful for the mathematical modeling. Irradiation of the NPs-loaded water phantom displayed the highest radiosensitivity of gold among the three mentioned NPs. However, for the higher power of irradiation, BPSi and tNAs NPs showed the increased absorption of heat during shorter time and the increased temperature gradient slope for the initial 15 s after the irradiation started. The three NPs showed different thermal and irradiation response behavior; however, this comparison study notes the worth of having information about thermal parameters of NPs-loaded tissue for pre-clinical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Asadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy; (S.K.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-022-399-8572
| | - Sanzhar Korganbayev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy; (S.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Wujun Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (W.X.); (V.-P.L.)
| | - Ana Katrina Mapanao
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (A.K.M.); (V.V.)
| | - Valerio Voliani
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (A.K.M.); (V.V.)
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (W.X.); (V.-P.L.)
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy; (S.K.); (P.S.)
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Chen YH, Chuang EY, Jheng PR, Hao PC, Hsieh JH, Chen HL, Mansel BW, Yeh YY, Lu CX, Lee JW, Hsiao YC, Bolouki N. Cold-atmospheric plasma augments functionalities of hybrid polymeric carriers regenerating chronic wounds: In vivo experiments. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112488. [PMID: 34857274 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The skin possesses an epithelial barrier. Delivering growth factors to deeper wounds is usually rather challenging, and these typically restrict the therapeutic efficacy for chronic wound healing. Efficient healing of chronic wounds also requires abundant blood flow. Therefore, addressing these concerns is crucial. Among presently accessible biomedical materials, tailored hydrogels are favorable for translational medicine. However, these hydrogels display insufficient mechanical properties, hampering their biomedical uses. Cold-atmospheric plasma (CAP) has potent cross-linking/polymerizing abilities. The CAP was characterized spectroscopically to identify excited radiation and species (hydroxyl and UV). CAP was used to polymerize pyrrole (creating Ppy) and crosslink hybrid polymers (Ppy, hyaluronic acid (HA), and gelatin (GEL)) as a multimodal dressing for chronic wounds (CAP-Ppy/GEL/HA), which were used to incorporate therapeutic platelet proteins (PPs). Herein, the physicochemical and biological features of the developed CAP-Ppy/GEL/HA/PP complex were assessed. CAP-Ppy/GEL/HA/PPs had positive impacts on wound healing in vitro. In addition, the CAP-Ppy/GEL/HA complex has improved mechanical aspects, therapeutics sustained-release/retention effect, and near-infrared (NIR)-driven photothermal-hyperthermic effects on lesions that drive the expression of heat-shock protein (HSP) with anti-inflammatory properties for boosted restoration of diabetic wounds in vivo. These in vitro and in vivo outcomes support the use of CAP-Ppy/GEL/HA/PPs for diabetic wound regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ru Jheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chien Hao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Hsing Hsieh
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming-Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Materials Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bradley W Mansel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yen Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Xuan Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Wei Lee
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming-Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Materials Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Nima Bolouki
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming-Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Lou XF, Du YZ, Xu XL. Endogenous Enzyme-responsive Nanoplatforms for Anti-tumor Therapy. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:845-855. [PMID: 33459230 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210114095614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The emergency of responsive drug delivery systems has contributed to reduced cytotoxicity, improved permeability in tissues and extended circulation time of the active drug. In particular, enzyme-responsive nanoplatforms have attracted a lot of attention due to the specificity and efficiency of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. In this review, enzyme-based mono responsive drug delivery systems designed in the past 5 years have been summarized. These drug delivery systems were introduced by different tumor-related enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinase, esterase, hyaluronidase, caspase and cathepsin. Moreover, the enzyme-sensitive nanoplatforms activated by dual-stimuli have been also described. Although great progress had been made in the past years, the translation into clinical practice is still difficult. Thus, three obstacles (enzyme heterogeneity, reaction environment, animal model) were also discussed. In short, enzyme-activated drug delivery systems offer great potential in treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fang Lou
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, 51 Hu-Zhou Street, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Hyperthermia by near infrared radiation induced immune cells activation and infiltration in breast tumor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10278. [PMID: 33986437 PMCID: PMC8119485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer that causes death in women. Conventional therapies, including surgery and chemotherapy, have different therapeutic effects and are commonly associated with risks and side effects. Near infrared radiation is a technique with few side effects that is used for local hyperthermia, typically as an adjuvant to other cancer therapies. The understanding of the use of near NIR as a monotherapy, and its effects on the immune cells activation and infiltration, are limited. In this study, we investigate the effects of HT treatment using NIR on tumor regression and on the immune cells and molecules in breast tumors. Results from this study demonstrated that local HT by NIR at 43 °C reduced tumor progression and significantly increased the median survival of tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction in cells proliferation in treated tumor, which was accompanied by an abundance of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Increased numbers of activated dendritic cells were observed in the draining lymph nodes of the mice, along with infiltration of T cells, NK cells and B cells into the tumor. In contrast, tumor-infiltrated regulatory T cells were largely diminished from the tumor. In addition, higher IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion was observed in tumor of treated mice. Overall, results from this present study extends the understanding of using local HT by NIR to stimulate a favourable immune response against breast cancer.
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Jafarirad S, Mirzayinahr S, Pooresmaeil M, Salehi R. Green and facile synthesis of gold/perlite nanocomposite using Allium Fistulosum L. for photothermal application. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102243. [PMID: 33677069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) procedure is anticipated as a new generation of cancer therapy techniques. With this in mind, in this work, an effective drug-free approach was developed to kill MCF7 breast cancer cells using PTT. A novel biocompatible nanocomposite as a PTT transducer was prepared from the in situ phytosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in the presence of perlite as a platform and extract of Allium Fistulosum L. as a stabilizing and reducing agent (Au/perlite NC). The common characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to approve the synthesis of Au/perlite NC. The potential of the synthesized NCs on ROS generating and antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH. In the following, the PTT efficacy of the Au/perlite NC on the destruction of MCF-7 breast cancer cells was assessed in vitro via the cell cycle, cell viability, and DAPI staining assays. The DPPH assay results showed that Au/perlite NC had a radicals scavenging capacity of about 41.47 % in 30 min. Cellular uptake results indicated a significant cell uptake after 1.5 h exposure with Au/perlite NC. Interestingly, cell death was increased dramatically by increasing irradiation time from 6 to 10 min. Cell viability assay revealed that the maximum number of cell death is around 50 % which was observed in the presence of Au/perlite NC by irradiation time of 10 min. Cell cycle results showed that the maximum amount of apoptotic cells (85 %) was observed in Au/perlite NC treatment group received laser irradiation for 10 min. The outcomes demonstrated that the Au/perlite NC can be used as a new drug-free and efficient agent for PTT of breast cancer cells without any concern cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jafarirad
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5156917511, Iran.
| | - Sepide Mirzayinahr
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Malihe Pooresmaeil
- Research Laboratory of Dendrimers and Nano-Biopolymers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Wen H, Tamarov K, Happonen E, Lehto V, Xu W. Inorganic Nanomaterials for Photothermal‐Based Cancer Theranostics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Wen
- Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland Kuopio 70211 Finland
| | - Konstantin Tamarov
- Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland Kuopio 70211 Finland
| | - Emilia Happonen
- Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland Kuopio 70211 Finland
| | - Vesa‐Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland Kuopio 70211 Finland
| | - Wujun Xu
- Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland Kuopio 70211 Finland
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