1
|
Li J, Wang H, Wang L, Yu D, Zhang X. Stabilization effects of saccharides in protein formulations: A review of sucrose, trehalose, cyclodextrins and dextrans. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106625. [PMID: 37918545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Saccharides are a popular group of stabilizers in liquid, frozen and freeze dried protein formulations. The current work reviewed the stabilization mechanisms of three groups of saccharides: (i) Disaccharides, specifically sucrose and trehalose; (ii) cyclodextrins (CDs), a class of cyclic oligosaccharides; and (iii) dextrans, a class of polysaccharides. Compared to sucrose, trehalose exhibits a more pronounced preferential exclusion effect in liquid protein formulations, due to its stronger interaction with water molecules. However, trehalose obtains higher phase separation and crystallization propensity in frozen solutions, resulting in the loss of its stabilization function. In lyophilized formulations, sucrose has a higher crystallization propensity. Besides, its glass matrix is less homogeneous than that of trehalose, thus undermining its lyoprotectant function. Nevertheless, the hygroscopic nature of trehalose may result in high water absorption upon storage. Among all the CDs, the β form is believed to have stronger interactions with proteins than the α- and γ-CDs. However, the stabilization effect, brought about by CD-protein interactions, is case-by-case - in some examples, such interactions can promote protein destabilization. The stabilization effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has been extensively studied. Due to its amphiphilic nature, it can act as a surface-active agent in preventing interfacial stresses. Besides, it is a dual functional excipient in freeze dried formulations, acting as an amorphous bulking agent and lyoprotectant. Finally, dextrans, when combined with sucrose or trehalose, can be used to produce stable freeze dried protein formulations. A strong stabilization effect can be realized by low molecular weight dextrans. However, the terminal glucose in dextrans yields protein glycation, which warrants extra caution during formulation development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Hongyue Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Lushan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Dongyue Yu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zäh M, Brandenbusch C, Winter G, Sadowski G. Predicting the amorphous-phase composition during lyophilization. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122836. [PMID: 36940838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The glass-transition temperature and the composition of the amorphous phase/maximally concentrated solution (classically referred to as Tg' and wg', respectively) as function of added excipients are crucial for the design of lyophilization processes. Whereas the determination of Tg' can be accomplished easily using mDSC, the determination of wg' poses challenges, since the experimental effort needs to be redone for each new excipient mixture (limited transferability of the results possible). In this work, an approach was developed which allows to predict wg' for (1) single excipients, (2) given compositions of a binary excipient mixture, and (3) single excipients in aqueous (model) protein solutions using the thermodynamic model PC-SAFT and one experimental data point of Tg'. Sucrose, trehalose, fructose, sorbitol, and lactose were considered as single excipients. The binary excipient mixture consisted of sucrose and ectoine. The model protein was bovine serum albumin in combination with sucrose. The results reveal that the new approach can precisely predict wg' in the systems considered, including the non-linear course of wg' identified for different sucrose/ectoine ratios. The same applies to the course of wg' as function of the protein concentration. This newly developed approach allows for the reduction of the experimental effort to a minimum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Zäh
- TU Dortmund University, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Christoph Brandenbusch
- TU Dortmund University, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Winter
- LMU Munich, Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- TU Dortmund University, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rajan R, Kumar N, Zhao D, Dai X, Kawamoto K, Matsumura K. Polyampholyte-Based Polymer Hydrogels for the Long-Term Storage, Protection and Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2203253. [PMID: 36815203 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein storage and delivery are crucial for biomedical applications such as protein therapeutics and recombinant proteins. Lack of proper protocols results in the denaturation of proteins, rendering them inactive and manifesting undesired side effects. In this study, polyampholyte-based (succinylated ε-poly-l-lysine) hydrogels containing polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol polymer matrices to stabilize proteins are developed. These hydrogels facilitated the loading and release of therapeutic amounts of proteins and withstood thermal and freezing stress (15 freeze-thaw cycles and temperatures of -80 °C and 37 °C), without resulting in protein denaturation and aggregation. To the best of our knowledge, this strategy has not been applied to the design of hydrogels constituting polymers, (in particular, polyampholyte-based polymers) which have inherent efficiency to stabilize proteins and protect them from denaturation. Our findings can open up new avenues in protein biopharmaceutics for the design of materials that can store therapeutic proteins long-term under severe stress and safely deliver them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Rajan
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nishant Kumar
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Dandan Zhao
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Xianda Dai
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Kawamoto
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bluemel O, Anuschek M, Buecheler JW, Hoelzl G, Bechtold-Peters K, Friess W. The effect of mAb and excipient cryoconcentration on long-term frozen storage stability – Part 1: Higher molecular weight species and subvisible particle formation. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100108. [PMID: 35024603 PMCID: PMC8724966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryoconcentration upon large-scale freezing of monoclonal antibody (mAb) solutions leads to regions of different ratios of low molecular weight excipients, like buffer species or sugars, to protein. This study focused on the impact of the buffer species to mAb ratio on aggregate formation after frozen storage at −80 °C, −20 °C, and − 10 °C after 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. An optimised sample preparation was established to measure Tg′ of samples with different mAb to histidine ratios via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). After storage higher molecular weight species (HMWS) and subvisible particles (SVPs) were detected using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and FlowCam, respectively. For all samples, sigmoidal curves in DSC thermograms allowed to precisely determine Tg′ in formulations without glass forming sugars. Storage below Tg′ did not lead to mAb aggregation. Above Tg′, at −20 °C and − 10 °C, small changes in mAb and buffer concentration markedly impacted stability. Samples with lower mAb concentration showed increased formation of HMWS. In contrast, higher concentrated samples led to more SVPs. A shift in the mAb to histidine ratio towards mAb significantly increased overall stability. Cryoconcentration upon large-scale freezing affects mAb stability, although relative changes compared to the initial concentration are small. Storage below Tg′ completely prevents mAb aggregation and particle formation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tan M, Ding Z, Xie J. Freezing-induced myofibrillar protein denaturation: Contributions of freeze-concentration and role of cellobiose. J FOOD ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Ghaemmaghamian Z, Zarghami R, Walker G, O'Reilly E, Ziaee A. Stabilizing vaccines via drying: Quality by design considerations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114313. [PMID: 35597307 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pandemics and epidemics are continually challenging human beings' health and imposing major stresses on the societies particularly over the last few decades, when their frequency has increased significantly. Protecting humans from multiple diseases is best achieved through vaccination. However, vaccines thermal instability has always been a hurdle in their widespread application, especially in less developed countries. Furthermore, insufficient vaccine processing capacity is also a major challenge for global vaccination programs. Continuous drying of vaccine formulations is one of the potential solutions to these challenges. This review highlights the challenges on implementing the continuous drying techniques for drying vaccines. The conventional drying methods, emerging technologies and their adaptation by biopharmaceutical industry are investigated considering the patented technologies for drying of vaccines. Moreover, the current progress in applying Quality by Design (QbD) in each of the drying techniques considering the critical quality attributes (CQAs), critical process parameters (CPPs) are comprehensively reviewed. An expert advice is presented on the required actions to be taken within the biopharmaceutical industry to move towards continuous stabilization of vaccines in the realm of QbD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghaemmaghamian
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Process Centers of Excellence, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Zarghami
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Process Centers of Excellence, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gavin Walker
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre of Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Emmet O'Reilly
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre of Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ahmad Ziaee
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre of Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rajan R, Kumar N, Matsumura K. Design of an Ice Recrystallization-Inhibiting Polyampholyte-Containing Graft Polymer for Inhibition of Protein Aggregation. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:487-496. [PMID: 34784478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Freezing-induced damage to proteins, through osmotic stress and ice recrystallization, during protein processing and long-term storage is a serious concern and may lead to loss of protein activity owing to denaturation. In this study, graft copolymers composed of a cryoprotective polymer (capable of preventing osmotic stress) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA; known for its high ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) property) were developed. The polymers had high IRI activity, albeit slightly lower than that of PVA alone, but substantially higher than that of succinylated ε-poly-l-lysine (PLLSA) alone. The graft polymers showed an efficiency higher than that of PVA or PLLSA alone in protecting proteins from multiple freeze-thaw cycles, as well as during prolonged freezing, indicating a synergy between PVA and PLLSA. The PLLSA-based graft polymer is a promising material for use in protein biopharmaceutics for the long-term storage of proteins under freezing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Rajan
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Nishant Kumar
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|