1
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Jiang YK, Li W, Qiu YY, Yue M. Advances in targeted therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive in advanced gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2318-2334. [PMID: 38994153 PMCID: PMC11236256 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging therapeutic methods represented by targeted therapy are effective supplements to traditional first-line chemoradiotherapy resistance. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the most important targets in targeted therapy for gastric cancer. Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy has been used as the first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. The safety and efficacy of pertuzumab and margetuximab in the treatment of gastric cancer have been verified. However, monoclonal antibodies, due to their large molecular weight, inability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and drug resistance, lead to decreased therapeutic efficacy, so it is necessary to explore the efficacy of other HER2-targeting therapies in gastric cancer. Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as lapatinib and pyrrotinib, have the advantages of small molecular weight, penetrating the blood-brain barrier and high oral bioavailability, and are expected to become the drugs of choice for perioperative treatment and neoadjuvant therapy of gastric cancer after validation by large-scale clinical trials in the future. Antibo-drug conjugate, such as T-DM1 and T-DXd, can overcome the resistance of monoclonal antibodies despite their different mechanisms of tumor killing, and are a supplement for the treatment of patients who have failed the treatment of monoclonal antibodies such as trastuzumab. Therefore, after more detailed stratification of gastric cancer patients, various gastric cancer drugs targeting HER2 are expected to play a more significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Health Management Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Yang Qiu
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Meng Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Tang S, Wang Y, Luo R, Fang R, Liu Y, Xiang H, Ran P, Tong Y, Sun M, Tan S, Huang W, Huang J, Lv J, Xu N, Yao Z, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Yue X, Yu Z, Akesu S, Ding Y, Xu C, Lu W, Zhou Y, Hou Y, Ding C. Proteomic characterization identifies clinically relevant subgroups of soft tissue sarcoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1381. [PMID: 38360860 PMCID: PMC10869728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma is a broad family of mesenchymal malignancies exhibiting remarkable histological diversity. We portray the proteomic landscape of 272 soft tissue sarcomas representing 12 major subtypes. Hierarchical classification finds the similarity of proteomic features between angiosarcoma and epithelial sarcoma, and elevated expression of SHC1 in AS and ES is correlated with poor prognosis. Moreover, proteomic clustering classifies patients of soft tissue sarcoma into 3 proteomic clusters with diverse driven pathways and clinical outcomes. In the proteomic cluster featured with the high cell proliferation rate, APEX1 and NPM1 are found to promote cell proliferation and drive the progression of cancer cells. The classification based on immune signatures defines three immune subtypes with distinctive tumor microenvironments. Further analysis illustrates the potential association between immune evasion markers (PD-L1 and CD80) and tumor metastasis in soft tissue sarcoma. Overall, this analysis uncovers sarcoma-type-specific changes in proteins, providing insights about relationships of soft tissue sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshuai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rongkui Luo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rundong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yexin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Subei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacheng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenmei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ziyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuetong Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zixiang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujie Akesu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqin Ding
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiqi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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3
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Bou Antoun N, Chioni AM. Dysregulated Signalling Pathways Driving Anticancer Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12222. [PMID: 37569598 PMCID: PMC10418675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the leading causes of death worldwide, in both men and women, is cancer. Despite the significant development in therapeutic strategies, the inevitable emergence of drug resistance limits the success and impedes the curative outcome. Intrinsic and acquired resistance are common mechanisms responsible for cancer relapse. Several factors crucially regulate tumourigenesis and resistance, including physical barriers, tumour microenvironment (TME), heterogeneity, genetic and epigenetic alterations, the immune system, tumour burden, growth kinetics and undruggable targets. Moreover, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Notch, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), integrin-extracellular matrix (ECM), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), phosphoinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), wingless-related integration site (Wnt/β-catenin), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) and RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways are some of the key players that have a pivotal role in drug resistance mechanisms. To guide future cancer treatments and improve results, a deeper comprehension of drug resistance pathways is necessary. This review covers both intrinsic and acquired resistance and gives a comprehensive overview of recent research on mechanisms that enable cancer cells to bypass barriers put up by treatments, and, like "satellite navigation", find alternative routes by which to carry on their "journey" to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athina-Myrto Chioni
- School of Life Sciences Pharmacy and Chemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Department, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK;
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4
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Fathi D, Elballal MS, Elesawy AE, Abulsoud AI, Elshafei A, Elsakka EG, Ismail A, El-Mahdy HA, Elrebehy MA, Doghish AS. An emphasis on the interaction of signaling pathways highlights the role of miRNAs in the etiology and treatment resistance of gastric cancer. Life Sci 2023; 322:121667. [PMID: 37023952 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is 4th in incidence and mortality rates globally. Several genetic and epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), affect its initiation and progression. miRNAs are short chains of nucleic acids that can regulate several cellular processes by controlling their gene expression. So, dysregulation of miRNAs expressions is associated with GC initiation, progression, invasion capacity, apoptosis evasions, angiogenesis, promotion and EMT enhancement. Of important pathways in GC and controlled by miRNAs are Wnt/β-catenin signaling, HMGA2/mTOR/P-gp, PI3K/AKT/c-Myc, VEGFR and TGFb signaling. Hence, this review was conducted to review an updated view of the role of miRNAs in GC pathogenesis and their modulatory effects on responses to different GC treatment modalities.
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5
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Shirani-Bidabadi S, Tabatabaee A, Tavazohi N, Hariri A, Aref AR, Zarrabi A, Casarcia N, Bishayee A, Mirian M. CRISPR technology: A versatile tool to model, screen, and reverse drug resistance in cancer. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151299. [PMID: 36809688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance is a serious challenge in cancer treatment that can render chemotherapy a failure. Understanding the mechanisms behind drug resistance and developing novel therapeutic approaches are cardinal steps in overcoming this issue. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPR) gene-editing technology has proven to be a useful tool to study cancer drug resistance mechanisms and target the responsible genes. In this review, we evaluated original research studies that used the CRISPR tool in three areas related to drug resistance, namely screening resistance-related genes, generating modified models of resistant cells and animals, and removing resistance by genetic manipulation. We reported the targeted genes, study models, and drug groups in these studies. In addition to discussing different applications of CRISPR technology in cancer drug resistance, we analyzed drug resistance mechanisms and provided examples of CRISPR's role in studying them. Although CRISPR is a powerful tool for examining drug resistance and sensitizing resistant cells to chemotherapy, more studies are required to overcome its disadvantages, such as off-target effects, immunotoxicity, and inefficient delivery of CRISPR/cas9 into the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shirani-Bidabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Aliye Tabatabaee
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Nazita Tavazohi
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Amirali Hariri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Nicolette Casarcia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran.
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6
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Wang YC, Lu S, Zhou XJ, Yang L, Liu P, Zhang L, Hu Y, Dong XZ. miR-1273h-5p suppresses CXCL12 expression and inhibits gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:930-946. [PMID: 35647303 PMCID: PMC9113083 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the biological function of miR-1273h-5p in gastric cancer (GC) and its underlying mechanisms. The differential expression of microRNAs between GC and tumor-adjacent normal tissues was detected using microarrays, miR-1273h-5p, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) mRNA, and protein levels were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting methods, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assay. Compared to tumor-adjacent normal tissue and gastric epithelial mucosa cell line cells, miR-1273h-5p was significantly downregulated in tissues and cells of GC. The overexpression of miR-1273h-5p could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promote cell apoptosis; in contrast, inhibition of miR-1273h-5p expression could reverse this process. Moreover, a significant upregulation of CXCL12 was observed when the miR-1273h-5p was downregulated in GC cells. Additionally, miR-1273h-5p significantly reduces tumor volume and weight. Thus, this study suggests that miR-1273h-5p regulates cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis during GC progression by directly binding to CXCL12 mRNA 3′-untranslational regions, which may be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Song Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 FuXing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xian-Zhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
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7
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Song Z, Gao K, Asmamaw MD, Liu YJ, Zheng YC, Shi XJ, Liu HM. Discovery of the antitumor activities of a potent DCN1 inhibitor compound 383 targeting LSD1 in gastric cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 916:174725. [PMID: 34953802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dual target compounds have become a hot spot in the treatment of cancer in recent years. Histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is identified as histone demethylase and acts as a key regulator involved in many other cellular activities through its demethylation function. We have reported a triazolo [1,5-α] pyrimidine-based DCN1(defective in cullin neddylation protein 1) inhibitor compound 383 (IC50 = 11 nM) which could selectively inhibit Cullin 3/1 neddylation in MGC-803 cells. In this research, we investigated that compound 383 could target LSD1 and inhibit the biological function of LSD1 in MGC-803 cells (IC50 = 0.53 μM). We found that compound 383 could induce the degradation of LSD1 and inhibit MGC-803 cell proliferation, migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 383 could cause cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase by down-regulating the expression of LSD1. In addition, compound 383 could significantly reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through increase H3K4me methylation at E-cadherin promotor. Furthermore, the in vivo inhibitory effect of compound 383 without obvious toxicity was confirmed in nude mouse transplanted MGC-803 tumor cells model. Collectively, these results suggest that the DCN1 inhibitor compound 383 exhibits antiproliferative activity in gastric cancer cells by targeting LSD1 which promotes compound 383 as a good starting point for the development of dual-target therapeutics for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Moges Dessale Asmamaw
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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8
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Liu Y, Ao X, Ji G, Zhang Y, Yu W, Wang J. Mechanisms of Action And Clinical Implications of MicroRNAs in the Drug Resistance of Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:768918. [PMID: 34912714 PMCID: PMC8667691 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive systems worldwide, with high recurrence and mortality. Chemotherapy is still the standard treatment option for GC and can effectively improve the survival and life quality of GC patients. However, with the emergence of drug resistance, the clinical application of chemotherapeutic agents has been seriously restricted in GC patients. Although the mechanisms of drug resistance have been broadly investigated, they are still largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large group of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) widely involved in the occurrence and progression of many cancer types, including GC. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that miRNAs may play crucial roles in the development of drug resistance by regulating some drug resistance-related proteins as well as gene expression. Some also exhibit great potential as novel biomarkers for predicting drug response to chemotherapy and therapeutic targets for GC patients. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in miRNAs and focus on their molecular mechanisms in the development of drug resistance in GC progression. We also highlight the potential of drug resistance-related miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoqiang Ji
- Clinical Laboratory, Linqu People's Hospital, Linqu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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9
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Luo Y, Li Y, Ge P, Zhang K, Liu H, Jiang N. QKI-Regulated Alternative Splicing Events in Cervical Cancer: Pivotal Mechanism and Potential Therapeutic Strategy. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1261-1277. [PMID: 34551268 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
QKI is a vital regulator in RNA splicing and maturation, but its role in cervical cancer (CC) is little known. In this study, we found that QKI is decreased in human CC, and overexpression of QKI inhibits HeLa cell proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of cancer cells. We identified hundreds of endogenous QKI-regulated alternative splicing events (ASEs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in QKI-overexpressed HeLa cells by RNA-seq and selectively validated their expression by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that QKI-regulated ASEs and DEGs were closely related to cancer, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulatory functions. In short, QKI may affect the occurrence and development of CC by regulating gene expression through AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Luo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuyuan Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Ge
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kaina Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Central Hospital of Zhuanghe City, Zhuanghe, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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10
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Thompson MK, Sobol RW, Prakash A. Exploiting DNA Endonucleases to Advance Mechanisms of DNA Repair. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:530. [PMID: 34198612 PMCID: PMC8232306 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The earliest methods of genome editing, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), utilize customizable DNA-binding motifs to target the genome at specific loci. While these approaches provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity, the laborious process of designing and synthesizing recombinant nucleases to recognize a specific target sequence, combined with limited target choices and poor editing efficiency, ultimately minimized the broad utility of these systems. The discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences (CRISPR) in Escherichia coli dates to 1987, yet it was another 20 years before CRISPR and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins were identified as part of the microbial adaptive immune system, by targeting phage DNA, to fight bacteriophage reinfection. By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells. The ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency have made CRISPR/Cas9 and its related systems the designer nucleases of choice for many. In this review, we discuss the various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation. We will explore how CRISPR-controlled modifications have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of genome stability, using the modulation of DNA repair genes as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlo K. Thompson
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (M.K.T.); (R.W.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Robert W. Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (M.K.T.); (R.W.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (M.K.T.); (R.W.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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