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Biscaia-Caleiras M, Fonseca NA, Lourenço AS, Moreira JN, Simões S. Rational formulation and industrial manufacturing of lipid-based complex injectables: Landmarks and trends. J Control Release 2024; 373:617-639. [PMID: 39002799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Lipid-based complex injectables are renowned for their effectiveness in delivering drugs, with many approved products. While significant strides have been made in formulating nanosystems for small molecular weight drugs, a pivotal breakthrough emerged with the recognition of lipid nanoparticles as a promising platform for delivering nucleic acids. This finding has paved the way for tackling long-standing challenges in molecular and delivery aspects (e.g., mRNA stability, intracellular delivery) that have impeded the clinical translation of gene therapy, especially in the realm of immunotherapy. Nonetheless, developing and implementing new lipid-based delivery systems pose significant challenges, as industrial manufacturing of these formulations often involves complex, multi-batch processes, giving rise to issues related to scalability, stability, sterility, and regulatory compliance. To overcome these obstacles, embracing the principles of quality-by-design (QbD) is imperative. Furthermore, adopting cutting-edge manufacturing and process analytical tools (PAT) that facilitate the transition from batch to continuous production is essential. Herein, the key milestones and insights derived from the development of currently approved lipid- nanosystems will be explored. Additionally, a comprehensive and critical overview of the latest technologies and regulatory guidelines that underpin the creation of more efficient, scalable, and flexible manufacturing processes for complex lipid-based nanoformulations will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Biscaia-Caleiras
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A., São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra-University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Fonseca
- Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A., São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Lourenço
- Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A., São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra-University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A., São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra-University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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De Jesús Valle MJ, Zarzuelo Castañeda A, Maderuelo C, Cencerrado Treviño A, Loureiro J, Coutinho P, Sánchez Navarro A. Development of a Mucoadhesive Vehicle Based on Lyophilized Liposomes for Drug Delivery through the Sublingual Mucosa. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071497. [PMID: 35890395 PMCID: PMC9317145 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A pharmaceutical vehicle based on lyophilized liposomes is proposed for the buccal administration of drugs aimed at systemic delivery through the sublingual mucosa. Liposomes made of egg phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (7/3 molar ratio) were prepared and lyophilized in the presence of different additive mixtures with mucoadhesive and taste-masking properties. Palatability was assayed on healthy volunteers. The lyophilization cycle was optimized, and the lyophilized product was compressed to obtain round and capsule-shaped tables that were evaluated in healthy volunteers. Tablets were also assayed regarding weight and thickness uniformities, swelling index and liposome release. The results proved that lyophilized liposomes in unidirectional round tablets have palatability, small size, comfortability and buccal retention adequate for sublingual administration. In contact with water fluids, the tablets swelled, and rehydrated liposomes were released at a slower rate than permeation efficiency determined using a biomimetic membrane. Permeability efficiency values of 0.72 ± 0.34 µg/cm2/min and 4.18 ± 0.95 µg/cm2/min were obtained for the liposomes with and without additives, respectively. Altogether, the results point to the vehicle proposed as a liposomal formulation suitable for systemic drug delivery through the sublingual mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José De Jesús Valle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.D.J.V.); (A.Z.C.); (C.M.); (A.C.T.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Zarzuelo Castañeda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.D.J.V.); (A.Z.C.); (C.M.); (A.C.T.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Maderuelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.D.J.V.); (A.Z.C.); (C.M.); (A.C.T.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cencerrado Treviño
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.D.J.V.); (A.Z.C.); (C.M.); (A.C.T.)
| | - Jorge Loureiro
- CPIRN-IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (J.L.); (P.C.)
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Paula Coutinho
- CPIRN-IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (J.L.); (P.C.)
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Amparo Sánchez Navarro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.D.J.V.); (A.Z.C.); (C.M.); (A.C.T.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-677-584152
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