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Rizzarelli P, Leanza M, Rapisarda M. Investigations into the characterization, degradation, and applications of biodegradable polymers by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023. [PMID: 38014928 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have been getting more and more attention because of their contribution to the plastic pollution environmental issues and to move towards a circular economy. Nevertheless, biodegradable materials still exhibit various disadvantages restraining a widespread use in the market. Therefore, additional research efforts are required to improve their performance. Mass spectrometry (MS) affords a relevant contribution to optimize biodegradable polymer synthesis, to confirm macromolecular structures, to examine along the time the progress of degradation processes and highlight advantages and drawbacks in the extensive applications. This review aims to provide an overview of the MS investigations carried out to support the synthesis of biodegradable polymers, with helpful information on undesirable products or polymerization mechanism, to understand deterioration pathways by the structure of degradation products and to follow drug release and pharmacokinetic. Additionally, it summarizes MS studies addressed on environmental and health issues related to the extensive use of plastic materials, that is, potential migration of additives or microplastics identification and quantification. The paper is focused on the most significant studies relating to synthetic and microbial biodegradable polymers published in the last 15 years, not including agro-polymers such as proteins and polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzarelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), ede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Melania Leanza
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), ede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Rapisarda
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), ede Secondaria di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Approaches for estimating the clinical starting dose of new dosage forms: An example of a long-acting injectable formulation of finasteride. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122510. [PMID: 36549406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, a long-acting injectable (LAI) formulation of finasteride was prepared as a new dosage form of PROPECIA®, and in vivo pharmacokinetics (PKs)-pharmacodynamics (PDs) was evaluated in beagle dogs. The resulting PK-PD profiles of the formulation showed pharmacological effects and achievability for monthly delivery. In this study, a first-in-human (FIH) dose of the LAI formulation loaded with finasteride was predicted. The three approaches were used for estimating a FIH dose of the LAI formulation: (1) No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)-based approach; (2) Pharmacokinetically-guided approach; (3) Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model-based approach. The advantage, assumptions, limitations, and estimated FIH dose from each approach was discussed and compared since there is no consensus on the best approach. For the prediction of clinical exposures and estimation of FIH doses, the clinical PK-PD parameters were allometrically scaled from the nonclinical data, extracted from reported clinical studies, or fixed from published literature. The starting dose range of the LAI formulation (as finasteride) was estimated to be 16.80-81.06 mg from the three approaches, and the PK/PD model-based approach suggests the most optimal starting dose (16.80 mg) of the LAI formulation. The approaches for estimating starting doses presented in the study could be used as a basis for an Investigational New Drug (IND) application of new dosage forms.
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Kim M, Kim JH, Kim S, Maharjan R, Kim NA, Jeong SH. New long-acting injectable microspheres prepared by IVL-DrugFluidic™ system: 1-month and 3-month in vivo drug delivery of leuprolide. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121875. [PMID: 35636628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The microspheres for 1-month (PLGA-based) and 3-month (PLA-based) drug releases of leuprolide were manufactured using an IVL-DrugFluidic™ system and their morphology, particle size and distribution, and encapsulation efficiency were compared with the commercialized products. In vivo test was also conducted to monitor the amount of leuprolide and testosterone in plasma after a single subcutaneous injection in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and male Beagle dogs. The median diameter, span value, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency of PLGA-based microspheres (63.29 μm, 0.26, 13.15%, and 78.90%, respectively) and PLA-based microspheres (80.28 μm, 0.21, 14.42%, and 86.50%, respectively) demonstrated narrow particle size distribution (monodispersed) and efficient drug loading/encapsulation efficiency. Both the microspheres exhibited a desired time-dependent drug release profile and reduced initial burst release by 16-fold in SD rats and 240-fold in Beagle dogs compared to Leuplin DPS®. Moreover, the testosterone level in plasma was suppressed to < 0.50 ng/mL after 28 days with a steady plasma drug concentration. The results suggested that newly developed leuprolide-loaded microspheres produced by the IVL-DrugFluidic™ system could provide extended drug release with advantages such as reduced initial burst release and testosterone level suppression, along with steady plasma drug concentration, over the existing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsung Kim
- Inventage Lab Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Inventage Lab Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Inventage Lab Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ravi Maharjan
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Ah Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Z, Fu S, Wang F, Yang C, Wang L, Yang M, Zhang W, Zhong W, Zhuang X. A PBPK Model of Ternary Cyclodextrin Complex of ST-246 Was Built to Achieve a Reasonable IV Infusion Regimen for the Treatment of Human Severe Smallpox. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:836356. [PMID: 35370741 PMCID: PMC8966223 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.836356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ST-246 is an oral drug against pathogenic orthopoxvirus infections. An intravenous formulation is required for some critical patients. A ternary complex of ST-246/meglumine/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin with well-improved solubility was successfully developed in our institute. The aim of this study was to achieve a reasonable intravenous infusion regimen of this novel formulation by a robust PBPK model based on preclinical pharmacokinetic studies. The pharmacokinetics of ST-246 after intravenous injection at different doses in rats, dogs, and monkeys were conducted to obtain clearances. The clearance of humans was generated by using the allometric scaling approach. Tissue distribution of ST-246 was conducted in rats to obtain tissue partition coefficients (Kp). The PBPK model of the rat was first built using in vivo clearance and Kp combined with in vitro physicochemical properties, unbound fraction, and cyclodextrin effect parameters of ST-246. Then the PBPK model was transferred to a dog and monkey and validated simultaneously. Finally, pharmacokinetic profiles after IV infusion at different dosages utilizing the human PBPK model were compared to the observed oral PK profile of ST-246 at therapeutic dosage (600 mg). The mechanistic PBPK model described the animal PK behaviors of ST-246 via intravenous injection and infusion with fold errors within 1.2. It appeared that 6h-IV infusion at 5 mg/kg BID produced similar Cmax and AUC as oral administration at 600 mg. A PBPK model of ST-246 was built to achieve a reasonable regimen of IV infusion for the treatment of severe smallpox, which will facilitate the clinical translation of this novel formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Furun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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Rodriguez-Fernandez K, Gras-Colomer E, Climente-Martí M, Mangas-Sanjuán V, Merino-Sanjuan M. Pharmacometric characterization of entero-hepatic circulation processes of orally administered formulations of amiodarone under complex binding kinetics. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 174:106198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kim JH, Ryu CH, Chon CH, Kim S, Lee S, Maharjan R, Kim NA, Jeong SH. Corrigendum to "Three months extended-release microspheres prepared by multi-microchannel microfluidics in beagle dog models" [Int. J. Pharm. 608 (2021) 121039]. Int J Pharm 2022; 611:121267. [PMID: 34802796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kim
- Inventage Lab Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choong Ho Ryu
- Inventage Lab Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Hee Chon
- Inventage Lab Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Inventage Lab Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangno Lee
- Inventage Lab Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ravi Maharjan
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Ah Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Choi GW, Lee S, Kang DW, Kim JH, Kim JH, Cho HY. Long-acting injectable donepezil microspheres: Formulation development and evaluation. J Control Release 2021; 340:72-86. [PMID: 34715262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Novel formulations of donepezil (DNP)-loaded microspheres based on a bio-degradable polymer of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with a one-month duration of effect were developed, aimed at reducing dosing frequency and adverse effects and improving patient adherence. The spherical and monodispersed DNP-loaded microspheres were precisely fabricated by the Inventage Lab Precision Particle Fabrication method (IVL-PPFM®) based on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and microfluidic technology. The types of polymers and end-groups, the drug/polymer ratio (DPR), and the routes of administration for DNP were studied to ensure an effective concentration and desired duration. Laser-light particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterization. Also, non-clinical animal models of beagle dogs are used to optimize DNP formulations and evaluate their pharmacokinetic properties. The PK results showed that the DPR was a critical factor in determining the exposure level and duration of DNR release. Furthermore, the lactide ratio, which varied depending upon the type of polymer, determined the hydrophobic interaction and was also an important factor affecting the desired DNP release. Since DNP shows a large inter-species variation between dogs and humans, PK modeling and simulation of the reference drug (i.e., Aricept®) and DNP-loaded microspheres were used for formulation development to overcome and interpret these variations. In addition, the developed PK model was extrapolated to humans using the estimated PK parameter and published clinical pharmacology data for DNP. The predicted PK profile of the DNP-loaded microsphere in humans showed that the formulation with PLGA 7525A and the DPR of 1/9 could maintain drug concentration for a month and could control initial burst release. The data obtained from the study could be used as scientific evidence for decision-making in future formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go-Wun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangno Lee
- Headquarter, Inventage Lab, Inc., 12, Yanghyeon-ro 405beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13438, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Headquarter, Inventage Lab, Inc., 12, Yanghyeon-ro 405beon-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13438, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Young Cho
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea.
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