1
|
Febrianti NQ, Tunggeng MGR, Ramadhany ID, Asri RM, Djabir YY, Permana AD. Validation of UV-Vis spectrophotometric and colorimetric methods to quantify methotrexate in plasma and rat skin tissue: Application to in vitro release, ex vivo and in vivo studies from dissolving microarray patch loaded pH-sensitive nanoparticle. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124258. [PMID: 38599025 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
This research transformed MTX into smart nanoparticles that respond to the acidic conditions present in inflammation. These nanoparticles were then incorporated into a patch that dissolves over time, aiding their penetration. A method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry was validated to support the development of this new delivery system. This method was used to measure the quantity of MTX in the prepared patches in various scenarios: in laboratory solutions with pH 7.4 and pH 5.0, in skin tissue, and plasma. This validation was conducted in laboratory studies, tissue samples, and live subjects, adhering to established guidelines. The resulting calibration curve displayed a linear relationship (correlation coefficient 0.999) across these scenarios. The lowest quantity of MTX that could be accurately detected was 0.6 µg/mL in pH 7.4 solutions, 1.46 µg/mL in pH 5.0 solutions, 1.11 µg/mL in skin tissue, and 1.48 µg/mL in plasma. This validated method exhibited precision and accuracy and was not influenced by dilution effects. The method was effectively used to measure MTX levels in the developed patch in controlled lab settings and biological systems (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo). This showed consistent drug content in the patches, controlled release patterns over 24 h, and pharmacokinetic profiles spanning 48 h. However, additional analytical approaches were necessary for quantifying MTX in studies focused on the drug's effects on the body's functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Erensoy G, Råberg L, von Mentzer U, Menges LD, Bardhi E, Hultgård Ekwall AK, Stubelius A. Dynamic Release from Acetalated Dextran Nanoparticles for Precision Therapy of Inflammation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3810-3820. [PMID: 38795048 PMCID: PMC11191005 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-based nanoparticles (NPs) that react to altered physiological characteristics have the potential to enhance the delivery of therapeutics to a specific area. These materials can utilize biochemical triggers, such as low pH, which is prone to happen locally in an inflammatory microenvironment due to increased cellular activity. This reduced pH is neutralized when inflammation subsides. For precise delivery of therapeutics to match this dynamic reaction, drug delivery systems (DDS) need to not only release the drug (ON) but also stop the release (OFF) autonomously. In this study, we use a systematic approach to optimize the composition of acetalated dextran (AcDex) NPs to start (ON) and stop (OFF) releasing model cargo, depending on local pH changes. By mixing ratios of AcDex polymers (mixed NPs), we achieved a highly sensitive material that was able to rapidly release cargo when going from pH 7.4 to pH 6.0. At the same time, the mix also offered a stable composition that enabled a rapid ON/OFF/ON/OFF switching within this narrow pH range in only 90 min. These mixed NPs were also sensitive to biological pH changes, with increased release in the presence of inflammatory cells compared to healthy cells. Such precise and controllable characteristics of a DDS position mixed NPs as a potential treatment platform to inhibit disease flare-ups, reducing both systemic and local side effects to offer a superior treatment option for inflammation compared to conventional systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Erensoy
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Loise Råberg
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Ula von Mentzer
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Luca Dirk Menges
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Endri Bardhi
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Hultgård Ekwall
- The
Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University
Hospital, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
- Department
of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 46, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fatima M, Almalki WH, Khan T, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P. Harnessing the Power of Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticles as an Effective Therapeutic Drug Delivery System. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312939. [PMID: 38447161 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The quest for effective and reliable methods of delivering medications, with the aim of improving delivery of therapeutic agent to the intended location, has presented a demanding yet captivating field in biomedical research. The concept of smart drug delivery systems is an evolving therapeutic approach, serving as a model for directing drugs to specific targets or sites. These systems have been developed to specifically target and regulate the administration of therapeutic substances in a diverse array of chronic conditions, including periodontitis, diabetes, cardiac diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and different cancers. Nevertheless, numerous comprehensive clinical trials are still required to ascertain both the immediate and enduring impacts of such nanosystems on human subjects. This review delves into the benefits of different drug delivery vehicles, aiming to enhance comprehension of their applicability in addressing present medical requirements. Additionally, it touches upon the current applications of these stimuli-reactive nanosystems in biomedicine and outlines future development prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 715, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tasneem Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948954, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui L, Pi J, Qin B, Cui T, Liu Z, Lei L, Wu S. Advanced application of carbohydrate-based micro/nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131809. [PMID: 38677672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a kind of synovitis and progressive joint destruction disease. Dysregulated immune cell activation, inflammatory cytokine overproduction, and subsequent reactive oxidative species (ROS) production contribute to the RA process. Carbohydrates, including cellulose, chitosan, alginate and dextran, are among the most abundant and important biomolecules in nature and are widely used in biomedicine. Carbohydrate-based micro/nanoparticles(M/NPs) as functional excipients have the ability to improve the bioavailability, solubility and stability of numerous drugs used in RA therapy. For on-demand therapy, smart reactive M/NPs have been developed to respond to a variety of chemical and physical stimuli, including light, temperature, enzymes, pH and ROS, alternating their physical and macroscopic properties, resulting in innovative new drug delivery systems. In particular, advanced products with targeted dextran or hyaluronic acid are exploiting multiple beneficial properties at the same time. In addition to those that respond, there are promising new derivatives in development with microenvironment and chronotherapy effects. In this review, we provide an overview of these recent developments and an outlook on how this class of agents will further shape the landscape of drug delivery for RA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxian Cui
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Jinkui Pi
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Boquan Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ting Cui
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Zhenfei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Shizhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Febrianti NQ, Aziz AYR, Tunggeng MGR, Ramadhany ID, Syafika N, Azis SBA, Djabir YY, Asri RM, Permana AD. Development of pH-Sensitive Nanoparticle Incorporated into Dissolving Microarray Patch for Selective Delivery of Methotrexate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:70. [PMID: 38538953 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that attacks human joints. Methotrexate (MTX), as one the most effective medications to treat RA, has limitations when administered either orally or by injection. To overcome this limitation, we formulated MTX through a smart nanoparticle (SNP) combined with dissolving microarray patch (DMAP) to achieve selective-targeted delivery of RA. METHODS SNP was made using the combination of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polycaprolactone (PCL) polymers, while DMAP was made using the combination of hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30. SNP-DMAP was then evaluated for its mechanical and chemical characteristics, ex vivo permeation test, in vivo pharmacokinetic study, hemolysis, and hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test. RESULT The results showed that the characteristics of the SNP-DMAP-MTX formulas meet the requirements for transdermal delivery, with the particle size of 189.09 ±12.30 nm and absorption efficiency of 65.40 ± 5.0%. The hemolysis and HET-CAM testing indicate that this formula was non-toxic and non-irritating. Ex vivo permeation shows a concentration of 51.50 ± 3.20 µg/mL of SNP-DMAP-MTX in PBS pH 5.0. The pharmacokinetic profile of SNP-DMAP-MTX showed selectivity and sustained release compared with oral and DMAP-MTX with values of t1/2 (4.88 ± 0 h), Tmax (8 ± 0 h), Cmax (0.50 ± 0.04 μg/mL), AUC (3.15 ± 0.54 μg/mL.h), and mean residence time (MRT) (9.13 ± 0 h). CONCLUSION The developed SNP-DMAP-MTX has been proven to deliver MTX transdermal and selectively at the RA site, potentially avoiding conventional MTX side effects and enhancing the effectiveness of RA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nur Syafika
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim DK, Park JY, Kang YJ, Khang D. Drug Repositioning of Metformin Encapsulated in PLGA Combined with Photothermal Therapy Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7267-7285. [PMID: 38090362 PMCID: PMC10711299 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s438388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly prevalent form of autoimmune disease that affects nearly 1% of the global population by causing severe cartilage damage and inflammation. Despite its prevalence, previous efforts to prevent the perpetuation of RA have been hampered by therapeutics' cytotoxicity and poor delivery to target cells. The present study exploited drug repositioning and nanotechnology to convert metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, into an anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug by designing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based spheres. Moreover, this study also explored the thermal responsiveness of the IL-22 receptor, a key regulator of Th-17, to incorporate photothermal therapy (PTT) into the nanodrug treatment. Materials and Methods PLGA nanoparticles were synthesized using the solvent evaporation method, and metformin and indocyanine green (ICG) were encapsulated in PLGA in a dropwise manner. The nanodrug's in vitro anti-inflammatory properties were examined in J744 and FLS via real-time PCR. PTT was induced by an 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser, and the anti-RA effects of the nanodrug with PTT were evaluated in DBA/1 collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice models. Further evaluation of anti-RA properties was carried out using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results The encapsulation of metformin into PLGA allowed the nanodrug to enter the target cells via macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Metformin-encapsulated PLGA (PLGA-MET) demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4), and promoting the polarization of M1 to M2 macrophages in J774 cells. The treatment of the nanodrug with PTT exhibited more potent anti-inflammatory effects than free metformin or PLGA-MET in CIA mice models. Conclusion These results demonstrated that PLGA-encapsulated metformin treatment with PTT can effectively ameliorate inflammation in a spatiotemporal manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Kyu Kim
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, 04011, USA
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Jun Young Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Youn Joo Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, 01830, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chaurawal N, Kataria M, Kumar MV, Mishra NP, Goni VG, Raza K. Emerging Advances in Nanocarriers Approaches in the Effective Therapy of Pain Related Disorders: Recent Evidence and Futuristic Needs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:111. [PMID: 37118029 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain disorders are the primary cause of disability nowadays. These disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), cause loss of function, joint pain and inflammation and deteriorate the quality of life. The treatment of these inflammatory diseases includes anti-inflammatory drugs administered via intra-articular, topical or oral routes, physical rehabilitation or surgery. Owing to the various side effects these drugs could offer, the novel approaches and nanomaterials have shown potential to manage inflammatory diseases, prolonged half-life of anti-inflammatory drugs, reduced systemic toxicity, provide specific targeting, and refined their bioavailability. This review discusses in brief about the pain pathophysiology and its types. The review summarizes the conventional therapies used to treat pain disorders and the need for novel strategies to overcome the adverse effects of conventional therapies. The review describes the recent advancements in nanotherapeutics for inflammatory diseases using several lipids, polymers and other materials and their excellent efficiency in improving the treatment over conventional therapies. The results of the nanotherapeutic studies inferred that the necessity to use nanocarriers is due to their controlled release, targeting drug delivery to inflamed tissues, low toxicity and biocompatibility. Therefore, it is possible to assert that nanotechnology will emerge as a great tool for advancing the treatment of pain disorders in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Chaurawal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Mohak Kataria
- Department of Orthopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Muniramiah Vinod Kumar
- Professor of Orthopaedics, East Point College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangaluru, Karnataka, 560049, India
| | - Narayan Prasad Mishra
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, India
| | - Vijay G Goni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kaisar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vasdev N, Pawar B, Gupta T, Mhatre M, Tekade RK. A Bird’s Eye View of Various Cell-Based Biomimetic Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Arthritis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041150. [PMID: 37111636 PMCID: PMC10146206 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is the inflammation and tenderness of the joints because of some metabolic, infectious, or constitutional reasons. Existing arthritis treatments help in controlling the arthritic flares, but more advancement is required to cure arthritis meticulously. Biomimetic nanomedicine represents an exceptional biocompatible treatment to cure arthritis by minimizing the toxic effect and eliminating the boundaries of current therapeutics. Various intracellular and extracellular pathways can be targeted by mimicking the surface, shape, or movement of the biological system to form a bioinspired or biomimetic drug delivery system. Different cell-membrane-coated biomimetic systems, and extracellular-vesicle-based and platelets-based biomimetic systems represent an emerging and efficient class of therapeutics to treat arthritis. The cell membrane from various cells such as RBC, platelets, macrophage cells, and NK cells is isolated and utilized to mimic the biological environment. Extracellular vesicles isolated from arthritis patients can be used as diagnostic tools, and plasma or MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles can be used as a therapeutic target for arthritis. Biomimetic systems guide the nanomedicines to the targeted site by hiding them from the surveillance of the immune system. Nanomedicines can be functionalized using targeted ligand and stimuli-responsive systems to reinforce their efficacy and minimize off-target effects. This review expounds on various biomimetic systems and their functionalization for the therapeutic targets of arthritis treatment, and discusses the challenges for the clinical translation of the biomimetic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Vasdev
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhakti Pawar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Tanisha Gupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Mahi Mhatre
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xin Li J, Jiao Zhang M, Feng Shi J, Peng Wang S, Mei Zhong X, Han Wu Y, Qu Y, Le Gao H, Ming Zhang J. pH-sensitive nano-polyelectrolyte complexes with arthritic macrophage-targeting delivery of triptolide. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122572. [PMID: 36592894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since pro-inflammatory macrophages take on a critical significance in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the therapeutics to affect macrophages may receive distinct anti-RA effects. However, the therapeutic outcomes are still significantly impeded, which is primarily due to the insufficient drug delivery at the arthritic site. In this study, the macrophage-targeting and pH stimuli-responsive nano-polyelectrolyte complexes were designed for the efficient targeted delivery of triptolide (TP/PNPs) on the arthritic site. The anionic and cationic amphiphilic copolymers, i.e., hyaluronic acid-g-vitamin E succinate (HA-VE) and the quaternized poly (β-amino ester) (QPBAE-C18), were prepared and then characterized. The result indicated that TP/PNPs with the uniform particle size of ∼ 175 nm exhibited the high drug loading capacity and storage stability based on the polymeric charge interaction, in which DLC and DEE of TP/PNPs were obtained as 11.27 ± 0.44 % and 95.23 ± 2.34 %, respectively. Mediated by the "ELVIS" effect of NPs, CD44 receptor-mediated macrophage targeting, and pH-sensitive endo/lysosomal escape under the "proton sponge" effect, TP/PNPs exhibited the enhanced cellular internalization and cytotoxicity while mitigating the inflammation of LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Even after 96-hour after administration, PNPs were preferentially accumulated in the inflammatory joints in a long term. It is noteworthy that after treatment for 14 days with 100 μg/kg of TP, TP/PNPs significantly facilitated arthritic symptom remission, protected cartilage, and mitigated inflammation of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) rats, whereas the systematic side-effects of TP were reduced. In this study, an effective drug delivery strategy was proposed for the treatment of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Meng Jiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Feng Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Sheng Peng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Xue Mei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hui Le Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jin Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lim YY, Zaidi AMA, Miskon A. Composing On-Program Triggers and On-Demand Stimuli into Biosensor Drug Carriers in Drug Delivery Systems for Programmable Arthritis Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1330. [PMID: 36355502 PMCID: PMC9698912 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Medication in arthritis therapies is complex because the inflammatory progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) is intertwined and influenced by one another. To address this problem, drug delivery systems (DDS) are composed of four independent exogenous triggers and four dependent endogenous stimuli that are controlled on program and induced on demand, respectively. However, the relationships between the mechanisms of endogenous stimuli and exogenous triggers with pathological alterations remain unclear, which results in a major obstacle in terms of clinical translation. Thus, the rationale for designing a guidance system for these mechanisms via their key irritant biosensors is in high demand. Many approaches have been applied, although successful clinical translations are still rare. Through this review, the status quo in historical development is highlighted in order to discuss the unsolved clinical difficulties such as infiltration, efficacy, drug clearance, and target localisation. Herein, we summarise and discuss the rational compositions of exogenous triggers and endogenous stimuli for programmable therapy. This advanced active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) implanted dose allows for several releases by remote controls for endogenous stimuli during lesion infections. This solves the multiple implantation and local toxic accumulation problems by using these flexible desired releases at the specified sites for arthritis therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yik Lim
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Prime Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Prime Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Miskon
- Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Prime Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|