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Veider F, Sanchez Armengol E, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Charge-Reversible Nanoparticles: Advanced Delivery Systems for Therapy and Diagnosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304713. [PMID: 37675812 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a rapid progress in the development of surface charge-reversible nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery and diagnosis. These NPs are able to elegantly address the polycation dilemma. Converting their surface charge from negative/neutral to positive at the target site, they can substantially improve delivery of drugs and diagnostic agents. By specific stimuli like a shift in pH and redox potential, enzymes, or exogenous stimuli such as light or heat, charge reversal of NP surface can be achieved at the target site. The activated positive surface charge enhances the adhesion of NPs to target cells and facilitates cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and mitochondrial targeting. Because of these properties, the efficacy of incorporated drugs as well as the sensitivity of diagnostic agents can be essentially enhanced. Furthermore, charge-reversible NPs are shown to overcome the biofilm formed by pathogenic bacteria and to shuttle antibiotics directly to the cell membrane of these microorganisms. In this review, the up-to-date design of charge-reversible NPs and their emerging applications in drug delivery and diagnosis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina Veider
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Eva Sanchez Armengol
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
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Saleh A, Akkuş-Dağdeviren ZB, Haddadzadegan S, Wibel R, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Peptide Antibiotic-Polyphosphate Nanoparticles: A Promising Strategy to Overcome the Enzymatic and Mucus Barrier of the Intestine. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37224061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop peptide antibiotic-polyphosphate nanoparticles that are able to overcome the enzymatic and mucus barriers providing a targeted drug release directly on the intestinal epithelium. Polymyxin B-polyphosphate nanoparticles (PMB-PP NPs) were formed via ionic gelation between the cationic peptide and the anionic polyphosphate (PP). The resulting NPs were characterized by particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells. The protective effect of these NPs for incorporated PMB was evaluated via enzymatic degradation studies with lipase. Moreover, mucus diffusion of NPs was investigated with porcine intestinal mucus. Isolated intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) was employed to trigger the degradation of NPs and consequent drug release. PMB-PP NPs exhibited an average size of 197.13 ± 14.13 nm, a PDI of 0.36, a zeta potential of -11.1 ± 3.4 mV and a concentration and time-dependent toxicity. They provided entire protection toward enzymatic degradation and exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher mucus permeating properties than PMB. When incubated with isolated IAP for 4 h, monophosphate and PMB were constantly released from PMB-PP NPs and zeta potential raised up to -1.9 ± 0.61 mV. According to these findings, PMB-PP NPs are promising delivery systems to protect cationic peptide antibiotics against enzymatic degradation, to overcome the mucus barrier and to provide drug release directly at the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Saleh
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Mandala Waluya, A.H.Nasution, Kendari 93231, Southeast Sulawesi Republic of Indonesia
| | - Zeynep Burcu Akkuş-Dağdeviren
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Soheil Haddadzadegan
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Wibel
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Anzengruber M, Nepustil LM, Kurtaj F, Tahir A, Skoll K, Sami H, Wirth M, Gabor F. A Versatile Brij-Linker for One-Step Preparation of Targeted Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051403. [PMID: 37242645 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Most frequently the functionalization of nanoparticles is hampered by time-consuming, sometimes harsh conjugation and purification procedures causing premature drug release and/or degradation. A strategy to circumvent multi-step protocols is to synthesize building blocks with different functionalities and to use mixtures thereof for nanoparticle preparation in one step. Methods: BrijS20 was converted into an amine derivative via a carbamate linkage. The Brij-amine readily reacts with pre-activated carboxyl-containing ligands such as folic acid. The structures of the building blocks were confirmed by different spectroscopic methods and their utility was assessed by one-step preparation and characterization of nanoparticles applying PLGA as a matrix polymer. Results: Nanoparticles were about 200 nm in diameter independent of the composition. Experiments with human folate expressing single cells and monolayer revealed that the nanoparticle building block Brij mediates a "stealth" effect and the Brij-amine-folate a "targeting" effect. As compared to plain nanoparticles, the stealth effect decreased the cell interaction by 13%, but the targeting effect increased the cell interaction by 45% in the monolayer. Moreover, the targeting ligand density and thus the cell association of the nanoparticles is easily fine-tuned by selection of the initial ratio of the building blocks. Conclusions: This strategy might be a first step towards the one-step preparation of nanoparticles with tailored functionalities. Relying on a non-ionic surfactant is a versatile approach as it might be extended to other hydrophobic matrix polymers and promising targeting ligands from the biotech pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anzengruber
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Marie Nepustil
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fatlinda Kurtaj
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ammar Tahir
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Skoll
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Haider Sami
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wirth
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Gabor
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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