NaDES as a green technological approach for the solubility improvement of BCS class II APIs: An insight into the molecular interactions

Supramolecular eutectogel as new oral paediatric delivery system to enhance benznidazole bioavailability

Benznidazole (BNZ) serves as the primary drug for treating Chagas Disease and is listed in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children. Herein, a new child-friendly oral BNZ delivery platform is developed in the form of supramolecular eutectogels (EGs). EGs address BNZ's poor oral bioavailability and provide a flexible twice-daily dose in stick-pack format. This green and sustainable formulation strategy relies on the gelation of drug-loaded Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES) with xanthan gum (XG) and water. Specifically, choline chloride-based NaDES form stable and biocompatible 5 mg/mL BNZ-loaded EGs. Rheological and Low-field NMR investigations indicate that EGs are viscoelastic materials comprised of two co-existing regions in the XG network generated by different crosslink distributions between the biopolymer, NaDES and water. Remarkably, the shear modulus and relaxation spectrum of EGs remain unaffected by temperature variations. Upon dilution with simulated gastrointestinal fluids, EGs results in BNZ supersaturation, serving as the primary driving force for its absorption. Interestingly, after oral administration of EGs to rats, drug bioavailability increases by 2.6-fold, with a similar increase detected in their cerebrospinal fluid. The noteworthy correlation between in vivo results and in vitro release profiles confirms the efficacy of EGs in enhancing both peripheral and central BNZ oral bioavailability.

A Validated, Stability-Indicating, Eco-Friendly HPTLC Method for the Determination of Cinnarizine

The eco-friendly high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) approaches for measuring cinnarizine (CIN) are scant in reported databases. As a result, the current work has developed and validated an eco-friendly HPTLC technique for assessing CIN in commercial formulations. The proposed approach was based the use of ethyl alcohol-water (90:10 v/v) as the eco-friendly mobile phase. A wavelength of 197 nm was used to detect CIN. The greenness score of the current approach was measured using the Analytical GREENness (AGREE) approach. The current approach was linear for CIN measurement in 50–800 ng band−1 range. The current approach for CIN measurement was validated successfully using ICH guidelines and was found to be linear, accurate (% recovery = 99.07–101.29%), precise (% CV = 0.80–0.95%), robust, sensitive (LOD = 16.81 ng band−1 and LOQ = 50.43 ng band−1), specific, selective, stability-indicating, and eco-friendly. The AGREE score for the current approach was calculated to be 0.80, showing an excellent greenness characteristic of the present approach. Under forced degradation conditions, the current approach was successful in separating the CIN degradation product, demonstrating the stability-indicating qualities/selectivity of the present approach. The % assay of CIN in commercial tablet brands A and B was found to be 98.64 and 101.22%, respectively, suggesting the reliability of the present approach in the pharmaceutical analysis of CIN in commercial dosage forms. The obtained findings indicated that CIN in commercial formulations could be routinely determined using the current approach.