1
|
Arora S, Dash SK, Dhawan D, Sahoo PK, Jindal A, Gugulothu D. Freeze-drying revolution: unleashing the potential of lyophilization in advancing drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1111-1153. [PMID: 37985541 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Lyophilization also known as freeze-drying is a technique that has been employed to enhance the long-term durability of nanoparticles (NPs) that are utilized for drug delivery applications. This method is used to prevent their instability in suspension. However, this dehydration process can cause stress to the NPs, which can be alleviated by the incorporation of excipients like cryoprotectants and lyoprotectants. Nevertheless, the freeze-drying of NPs is often based on empirical principles without considering the physical-chemical properties of the formulations and the engineering principles of freeze-drying. For this reason, it is crucial to optimize the formulations and the freeze-drying cycle to obtain a good lyophilizate and ensure the preservation of NPs stability. Moreover, proper characterization of the lyophilizate and NPs is of utmost importance in achieving these goals. This review aims to update the recent advancements, including innovative formulations and novel approaches, contributing to the progress in this field, to obtain the maximum stability of formulations. Additionally, we critically analyze the limitations of lyophilization and discuss potential future directions. It addresses the challenges faced by researchers and suggests avenues for further research to overcome these limitations. In conclusion, this review is a valuable contribution to the understanding of the parameters involved in the freeze-drying of NPs. It will definitely aid future studies in obtaining lyophilized NPs with good quality and enhanced drug delivery and therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchit Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Dash
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Dimple Dhawan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Anil Jindal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zoughaib M, Pashirova TN, Nikolaeva V, Kamalov M, Nakhmetova F, Salakhieva DV, Abdullin TI. Anticancer and Chemosensitizing Effects of Menadione-Containing Peptide-Targeted Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00092-3. [PMID: 38508340 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin K derivatives such as menadione (MD) have been recognized as promising redox-modulating and chemosensitizing agents for anticancer therapy, however, their cellular activities in peptide-targeted nanocarriers have not been elucidated to date. This study provides the guidelines for developing MD-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) modified with extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived peptides. Relationships between RGD peptide concentration and changes in DLS characteristics as well as accumulation of SLN in cancer cells were revealed to adjust the peptide-lipid ratio. SLN system maintained adequate nanoparticle concentration and low dispersity after introduction of MD and MD/RGD, whereas formulated MD was protected from immediate conjugation with reduced glutathione (GSH). RGD-modified MD-containing SLN showed enhanced prooxidant, GSH-depleting and cytotoxic activities toward PC-3 prostate cancer cells attributed to improved cellular pharmacokinetics of the targeted formulation. Furthermore, this formulation effectively sensitized PC-3 cells and OVCAR-4 ovarian cancer cells to free doxorubicin and cisplatin so that cell growth was inhibited by MD-drug composition at nontoxic concentrations of the ingredients. These results provide an important background for further improving chemotherapeutic methods based on combination of conventional cytostatics with peptide-targeted SLN formulations of MD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zoughaib
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia; Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia.
| | - Tatiana N Pashirova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Viktoriia Nikolaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia; Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marat Kamalov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia; Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Fidan Nakhmetova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia; Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Diana V Salakhieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia; Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Timur I Abdullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia; Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Giglio E, Bakowsky U, Engelhardt K, Caponio A, La Pietra M, Cometa S, Castellani S, Guerra L, Fracchiolla G, Poeta ML, Mallamaci R, Cardone RA, Bellucci S, Trapani A. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Dopamine and Grape Seed Extract: Freeze-Drying with Cryoprotection as a Formulation Strategy to Achieve Nasal Powders. Molecules 2023; 28:7706. [PMID: 38067437 PMCID: PMC10707881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: DA-Gelucire® 50/13-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) administering the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) and the antioxidant grape-seed-derived proanthocyanidins (grape seed extract, GSE) have been prepared by us in view of a possible application for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment. To develop powders constituted by such SLNs for nasal administration, herein, two different agents, namely sucrose and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Me-β-CD), were evaluated as cryoprotectants. (2) Methods: SLNs were prepared following the melt homogenization method, and their physicochemical features were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). (3) Results: SLN size and zeta potential values changed according to the type of cryoprotectant and the morphological features investigated by SEM showed that the SLN samples after lyophilization appear as folded sheets with rough surfaces. On the other hand, the AFM visualization of the SLNs showed that their morphology consists of round-shaped particles before and after freeze-drying. XPS showed that when sucrose or Me-β-CD were not detected on the surface (because they were not allocated on the surface or completely absent in the formulation), then a DA surfacing was observed. In vitro release studies in Simulated Nasal Fluid evidenced that DA release, but not the GSE one, occurred from all the cryoprotected formulations. Finally, sucrose increased the physical stability of SLNs better than Me-β-CD, whereas RPMI 2650 cell viability was unaffected by SLN-sucrose and slightly reduced by SLN-Me-β-CD. (4) Conclusions: Sucrose can be considered a promising excipient, eliciting cryoprotection of the investigated SLNs, leading to a powder nasal pharmaceutical dosage form suitable to be handled by PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira De Giglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (U.B.); (K.E.)
| | - Konrad Engelhardt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (U.B.); (K.E.)
| | - Antonello Caponio
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Matteo La Pietra
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (M.L.P.); (S.B.)
- Department of Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Castellani
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.G.); (M.L.P.); (R.M.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Fracchiolla
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Maria Luana Poeta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.G.); (M.L.P.); (R.M.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rosanna Mallamaci
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.G.); (M.L.P.); (R.M.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.G.); (M.L.P.); (R.M.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (M.L.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (G.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bernal-Chávez SA, Romero-Montero A, Hernández-Parra H, Peña-Corona SI, Del Prado-Audelo ML, Alcalá-Alcalá S, Cortés H, Kiyekbayeva L, Sharifi-Rad J, Leyva-Gómez G. Enhancing chemical and physical stability of pharmaceuticals using freeze-thaw method: challenges and opportunities for process optimization through quality by design approach. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:35. [PMID: 37221599 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The freeze-thaw (F/T) method is commonly employed during the processing and handling of drug substances to enhance their chemical and physical stability and obtain pharmaceutical applications such as hydrogels, emulsions, and nanosystems (e.g., supramolecular complexes of cyclodextrins and liposomes). Using F/T in manufacturing hydrogels successfully prevents the need for toxic cross-linking agents; moreover, their use promotes a concentrated product and better stability in emulsions. However, the use of F/T in these applications is limited by their characteristics (e.g., porosity, flexibility, swelling capacity, drug loading, and drug release capacity), which depend on the optimization of process conditions and the kind and ratio of polymers, temperature, time, and the number of cycles that involve high physical stress that could change properties associated to quality attributes. Therefore, is necessary the optimization of F/T conditions and variables. The current research regarding F/T is focused on enhancing the formulations, the process, and the use of this method in pharmaceutical, clinical, and biological areas. The present review aims to discuss different studies related to the impact and effects of the F/T process on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties (porosity, swelling capacity) of diverse pharmaceutical applications with an emphasis on their formulation properties, the method and variables used, as well as challenges and opportunities in developing. Finally, we review the experimental approach for choosing the standard variables studied in the F/T method applying the systematic methodology of quality by design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Bernal-Chávez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Romero-Montero
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Héctor Hernández-Parra
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sheila I Peña-Corona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - María L Del Prado-Audelo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Alcalá-Alcalá
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, México
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Lashyn Kiyekbayeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical School, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Faculties of Pharmacy, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Public Health and Nursing, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|