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Bagul US, Khot SV, Ashtekar KS, Monde AA, Kolhe OH, Tagalpallewar AA, Kokare CR. Fabrication of acetazolamide loaded leciplex for intraocular delivery: Optimization by 3 2 full factorial design, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo pharmacodynamics. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124391. [PMID: 38936444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The complex structure of the eye poses challenges in delivering drugs effectively, which can be circumvented by employing nanotechnologies. The present study aimed to prepareacetazolamide-loadedleciplex (ACZ - LP) using a simple one-step fabrication approach followed byoptimization employing a 32 Full Factorial Design. The ACZ - LP demonstrated high entrapment efficiency (93.25 ± 2.32 %), average diameter was recorded around 171.03 ± 3.32 with monodisperse size distribution and zeta potential of 41.33 ± 2.10 mV. Invitro release and ex vivo permeation studies of prepared formulation demonstrated an initial burst release in 1 h followed by sustained release pattern as compared to plain acetazolamide solution. Moreover, an ex vivo corneal drug retention (27.05 ± 1.20 %) and in vitro mucoadhesive studies with different concentration of mucin indicated strong electrostatic bonding confirming the mucoadhesive characteristics of the formulation. Additionally, the histopathological studies ensured that the formulation was non-irritant and nontoxic while and HET-CAM ensured substantial tolerability of the formulation. The in vivo pharmacodynamic investigation carried out on a rabbit model demonstrated that treatment with ACZ - LP resulted in a significant and prolonged reduction in intraocular pressure as compared to plain acetazolamide solution, acetazolamide oral tablet, and Brinzox®. In summary, the ACZ - LP is anefficient and versatile drug delivery approach which demonstrates significant potential in controlling glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddhav S Bagul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Shubham V Khot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kiran S Ashtekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish A Monde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - Omkar H Kolhe
- Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, STES Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol A Tagalpallewar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr.Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, School of Health Science and Technology, Kothrud, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandrakant R Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
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Rahbar N, Darvish S, Farrahi F, Kouchak M. Chitosan/carbomer nanoparticles- laden in situ gel for improved ocular delivery of timolol: in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo study. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01663-1. [PMID: 38976207 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Due to the small capacity of the eye cavity and the rapid drainage of liquid into the nasolacrimal duct, patients must frequently administer the drops. Nanoparticles (NPs) and in situ gel systems have each proven their ability to achieve eye retention independently. In this study, timolol-loaded chitosan-carbomer NPs were prepared using the polyelectrolyte complexation method, and incorporated into a pH-responsive in situ gel system made of carbomer. The rheological behavior of NPs-laden in situ gel was examined at room and physiological conditions. Characteristics such as zeta potential, surface tension, refractive index, mucoadhesive properties, drug release, transcorneal permeability, and intra-ocular pressure (IOP) lowering activity were investigated on NPS and NPs-laden in situ gel formulations. The optimum gained NPs system had an encapsulation efficiency of about 69% with a particle size of 196 nm. The zeta potential of the NP and NPs-laden in situ gel were - 16 and + 11 mV respectively. NPs-laden in situ gel presented enhanced viscosity at physiological pH. All physicochemical properties were acceptable for both formulations. NPs and NPs-laden in situ gel systems proved to sustain drug release. They showed mucoadhesive properties which were greater for NPs-laden in situ gel. IOP reduction by NPs-laden in situ gel was significantly higher and more long-lasting than the timolol solution and NPs. In conclusion, the developed NPs-laden in situ gel is a promising carrier for ocular drug delivery due to the slow release of drug from nanoparticles, its mucoadhesive properties, and high viscosity acquisition in contact with precorneal film, which lead to improved therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadereh Rahbar
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sarah Darvish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Farrahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kouchak
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Ozdemir S, Uner B. Prolonged Release Niosomes For Ocular Delivery of Loteprednol: Ocular Distribution Assessment on Dry Eye Disease Induced Rabbit Model. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:119. [PMID: 38816667 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Loteprednol etabonate (LE) is a topical corticosteroid for the symptomatic management of ocular conditions, encompassing both allergic and infectious etiologies. Owing to the dynamic and static barriers of the eye, LE exhibits significantly low bioavailability, necessitating an increase in the frequency of drug administration. The objective of this study is to overcome the limitations by developing niosomal systems loaded with LE. Design of Experiments (DoE) approach was used for the development of optimal niosome formulation. The optimal formulation was characterized using DLS, FT-IR, and DSC analysis. In vitro and ex vivo release studies were performed to demonstrate drug release patterns. After that HET-CAM evaluation was conducted to determine safety profile. Then, in vivo studies were carried out to determine therapeutic activity of niosomes. Zeta potential (ZP), particle size, polydispersity index (PI), and encapsulation efficacy (EE) were -33.8 mV, 89.22 nm, 0.192, and 89.6%, respectively. Medicated niosomes had a broad distribution within rabbit eye tissues and was absorbed by the aqueous humor of the bovine eye for up to 6 h after treatment. Cumulative permeated drug in the bovine eye and rabbit eye were recorded 52.45% and 54.8%, respectively. No irritation or hemorrhagic situation was observed according to the results of HET-CAM study. Thus, novel LE-loaded niosomal formulations could be considered as a promising treatment option for the dry-eye-disease (DED) due to enhanced bioavailability and decreased side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Ozdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Uner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Science and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Kent University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Hameed H, Faheem S, Khan MA, Hameed A, Ereej N, Ihsan H. Ethosomes: a potential nanovesicular carrier to enhancing the drug delivery against skin barriers. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:204-225. [PMID: 38456667 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2326085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Ethosomes, which are liposomes like structures, mainly composed primarily of ethanol, have attracted considerable attention due to their potential to enhance the drug permeation via skin. The article discusses the formulation and preparation methods of ethosomes, offering insights into the various factors that influence their size, shape, and stability. Moreover, it explores the techniques used to assess the physicochemical properties of ethosomes and their impact on drug delivery effectiveness. The article also elucidates the mechanism by which ethosomes enhance skin permeation, emphasising their ability to modify the lipid structure and fluidity of the stratum corneum. Additionally, the review investigates the applications of ethosomes in diverse drug delivery scenarios, including the delivery of small molecules, peptides, and phytoconstituents. It highlights the potential of ethosomes to improve drug bioavailability, extend drug release, and achieve targeted delivery to specific skin layers or underlying tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saleha Faheem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahtab Ahmad Khan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Anam Hameed
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nelofer Ereej
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Ihsan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Batur E, Özdemir S, Durgun ME, Özsoy Y. Vesicular Drug Delivery Systems: Promising Approaches in Ocular Drug Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:511. [PMID: 38675470 PMCID: PMC11054584 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery poses unique challenges due to the complex anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye. Conventional dosage forms often fail to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes due to poor bioavailability, short retention time, and off-target effects. In recent years, vesicular drug delivery systems have emerged as promising solutions to address these challenges. Vesicular systems, such as liposome, niosome, ethosome, transfersome, and others (bilosome, transethosome, cubosome, proniosome, chitosome, terpesome, phytosome, discome, and spanlastics), offer several advantages for ocular drug delivery. These include improved drug bioavailability, prolonged retention time on the ocular surface, reduced systemic side effects, and protection of drugs from enzymatic degradation and dilution by tears. Moreover, vesicular formulations can be engineered for targeted delivery to specific ocular tissues or cells, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. They also enable the encapsulation of a wide range of drug molecules, including hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and macromolecular drugs, and the possibility of combination therapy by facilitating the co-delivery of multiple drugs. This review examines vesicular drug delivery systems, their advantages over conventional drug delivery systems, production techniques, and their applications in management of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslim Batur
- Health Science Institute, Istanbul University, 34126 Istanbul, Türkiye;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34500 Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, 34445 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Samet Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, 34445 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Meltem Ezgi Durgun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, 34445 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Yıldız Özsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Türkiye;
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Yang H, Zhang F, Fan Y, Zhang J, Fang T, Xing D, Zhen Y, Nie Z, Liu Y, Wang D, Li J. Co-delivery of Brinzolamide and Timolol from Micelles-laden Contact Lenses: In vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Pharm Res 2024; 41:531-546. [PMID: 38366235 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traditional eye drops exhibit a modest bioavailability ranging from 1 to 5%, necessitating recurrent application. Thus, a contact lens-based drug delivery system presents substantial benefits. Nonetheless, pharmaceutical agents exhibiting poor solubility may compromise the quintessential characteristics of contact lenses and are, consequently, deemed unsuitable for incorporation. To address this issue, the present study has engineered a novel composite drug delivery system that amalgamates micellar technology with contact lenses, designed specifically for the efficacious conveyance of timolol and brinzolamide. METHODS Utilizing mPEG-PCL as the micellar material, this study crafted mPEG-PCL micelles loaded with brinzolamide and timolol through the film hydration technique. The micelle-loaded contact lens was fabricated employing the casting method; a uniform mixture of HEMA and EGDMA with the mPEG-PCL micelles enshrouding brinzolamide and timolol was synthesized. Following the addition of a photoinitiator, 50 μL of the concoction was deposited into a contact lens mold. Subsequently, the assembly was subjected to polymerization under 365 nm ultraviolet light for 35 min, resulting in the formation of the micelle-loaded contact lenses. RESULTS In the present article, we delineate the construction of a micelle-loaded contact lens designed for the administration of brinzolamide and timolol in the treatment of glaucoma. The study characterizes crucial properties of the micelle-loaded contact lenses, such as transmittance and ionic permeability. It was observed that these vital attributes meet the standard requirements for contact lenses. In vitro release studies revealed that timolol and brinzolamide could be gradually liberated over periods of up to 72 and 84 h, respectively. In vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation showed a significant reduction in intraocular pressure and a relative bioavailability of 10.84 times that of commercially available eye drops. In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation, MRT was significantly increased, and the bioavailability of timolol and brinzolamide was 2.71 and 1.41 times that of eye drops, respectively. Safety assessments, including in vivo irritation, histopathological sections, and protein adsorption studies, were conducted as per established protocols, confirming that the experiments were in compliance with safety standards. IN CONCLUSION The manuscript delineates the development of a safe and efficacious micelle-loaded contact lens drug delivery system, which presents a novel therapeutic alternative for the management of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Faxing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhen Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Xing
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Nie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaming Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongkai Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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