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Ramachandran K. An Immunohistochemical study of CD83 positive dendritic cell density in human benign and malignant uterine specimens. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i4.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogenous group of accessory cells that function as specialized forms of antigen-presenting cells in human body. A thorough knowledge of the DC population of the human uterus, especially the CD83 population would be very useful for an effective understanding of the immune protection of the endometrium during different phases of menstrual cycle and in the pathological conditions of the uterus.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care referral medical college hospital in South India. Women in the age group of 35 to 50 years, who underwent hysterectomy were included in the study. Immunohistochemical study on the presence of mature CD83+DCs was carried out in the processed uterine specimens. The number of CD83 cells/20 high power fields in each of the specimen was calculated and reviewed by two independent reviewers.
Results: About 43 hysterectomy specimens obtained from patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign and malignant conditions of uterus were included in the study. Fibroid uterus was the most common indication for hysterectomy. The minimum and maximum DCs were 12 and 720 DCs per 20 HPF respectively, with an overall mean of 109.28. The mean DCs amongst benign specimens was 1.2 DCs and in the malignant specimens was 22.65 DCs per HPF, with a P value of 0.0001.
Conclusion: Mature dendritic cells are seen in abundance in malignant and pre-malignant tissues of human uterus. A reduction in number of CD83+ DCs was observed in patients with proliferative and secretory endometrium.
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Li SL, Wang W, Zhao J, Zhang FZ, Zhang J, Ni X. A review of the risk factors associated with juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: genetic, immune and clinical aspects. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:75-82. [PMID: 35072893 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-021-00496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP) is one of the most common benign lesions of hyperplastic respiratory epithelial tissue in children and is predominantly caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) 6 and 11. The clinical course of the disease is variable, and some patients even develop a malignancy. The purpose of this review was to summarize the related factors affecting the disease course in patients with JoRRP. DATA SOURCES We used databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, to search for publications on factors associated with the genetic, immune, and clinical aspects of JoRRP. The most relevant articles to the scope of this review were chosen for analysis. RESULTS Mother-to-child transmission is the most important mode of disease transmission; other factors, such as immune condition or genetic susceptibility, may be important determinants of JoRRP occurrence. Genetically, the presence of DRB1*0301 and HPV 6/11 E6/E7 is associated with a more severe disease. Immunewise, patients have an enhanced T helper 2-like response. In addition, regulatory T cells are enriched in tumors and may become one of the effective prognostic indicators. For clinical characteristics, patients infected with HPV-11 have more aggressive disease. However, compared with HPV type, age at first onset is a more important factor related to the aggressiveness of JoRRP. Furthermore, socioeconomic status may also affect the course. CONCLUSIONS Genetic, immune, and some clinical factors have been noted to play an important role in the course of JoRRP. Exploring definite influencing factors will be an important direction of research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 10045, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 10045, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 10045, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 10045, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 10045, China
| | - Feng-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 10045, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 10045, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 10045, China.
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 10045, China.
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Xi Y, Wang H, Wang W, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhao J, Wang G, Gui J, Ni X. Risk factors for aggressive recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in Chinese juvenile patients. Acta Otolaryngol 2020; 140:779-784. [PMID: 32491958 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2020.1767804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Aggressive juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) threatens patient lives if not receives immediate surgical intervene. Even with surgical intervene, complete remission of this disease is not approachable. Therefore, understanding the factors relevant to disease severity and prognosis will do help to the treatment strategy and health management of this disease.Objective: This study aimed to explore the clinic, laboratory and socioeconomic characteristics of patients and evaluate the risk factors for aggressive JORRP.Methods: The information of clinical and socioeconomic status of the patients was reviewed and its association with disease severity was analyzed. Papilloma from JORRP patients undergone surgeries was used to determine HPV subtypes by real-time PCR. The profiles of mRNA expression in the papilloma were assessed using microarray.Results: Age at diagnosis and socioeconomic status were shown to associate with the severity of JORRP. There was no differential severity considering different HPV subtype. The mRNA expression of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and Gasdermin B (GSDMB) was reduced in papillomas.Conclusions: A younger age at diagnosis and low socioeconomic status were associated with the severity of JORRP. mRNA expression of NLRP3 and GSDMB in the papillomas of JORRP patients was significantly reduced.Abbreviation: JORRP: Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis; RRP: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis; OSAS: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; NLRP3: Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain receptor protein 3; GSDMB: Gasdermin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Guixiang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jingang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
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El Achkar VNR, Duarte A, Carlos R, León JE, Ribeiro-Silva A, Pignatari SSN, Kaminagakura E. Relationship between inflammation and the severity of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. Am J Otolaryngol 2020; 41:102321. [PMID: 31787356 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize inflammatory cells in Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) and to correlate it with severity using the Derkay laryngoscopic scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data and biopsies from 36 patients with Juvenile (JRRP) and 56 patients with Adult (ARRP) were collected and analyzed under light microscopy. The patients were separated into groups according to the Derkay index: ≥20 for the most severe and < 20 for the less severe cases. Immunohistochemical analysis using CD3, CD4, CD8, CD15, CD20, CD68, FoxP3 and MUM-1 antibodies was performed, and the inflammatory cells were quantified. All the clinicopathological characteristics and the results of the immunohistochemical analysis were compared among the groups proposed using the Chi-Square test and correlated through the Spearman correlation test. RESULTS The ARRP showed significantly higher quantities of CD3+, CD8+ and MUM1+ cells (p < .05) than the JRRP samples. The presence of CD15+ cells showed positive correlation with the Derkay index (p < .05), while the MUM-1+ cells showed an inverse correlation (p = .01). CONCLUSION There are differences between the inflammatory cells population in the juvenile and adult groups and it can be related to disease severity.
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Wu X, Xiao Y, Ma L, Pan X, Wang J. Abnormal Activation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells in JORRP Patients and Associated with Disease Activity. Immunol Lett 2019; 217:49-55. [PMID: 31726188 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Representing the first line of host defense against virus infections and an essential link between innate and adaptive immune response, the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in peripheral blood of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) patients and association with disease activity were still not established. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our present study, 28 JORRP patients and 28 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled. The percentage, phenotype and cytokine secretion of DC and was measured by flow cytometry. Plasma cytokine were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We found that the percentage of myeloid DC (mDC) was significantly lower in JORRP patients compared to healthy controls and was negatively correlated with interval times, but not surgical times or disease onset. Moreover, the activation marker, CD40 and CD86 was significantly up-regulated on the surfaces of mDC in JORRP patients compared with healthy controls. Neither the percentage nor activation of plasmacytoid DC (pDC) showed statistical difference between JORRP patients and healthy controls. HLA-DR expression on both mDC and pDC was down-regulated in JORRP group and negatively correlated with surgical times. Antigen presenting ability of DC was greatly impaired in JORRP patients of higher number of operations and shorter interval time. Plasma IL-10 as well as IL-10 secreted by mDC was higher in JORRP patients compared with healthy control. Finally, we detected an up-regulated TLR2 and TLR4 expression on mDCs and TLR4 expression was positively correlated with HLA-DR expression on mDC of JORRP patients. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate an abnormal TLR2 and TLR4 expression in mDCs may contribute to suppressive immune response to HPV6 or HPV11 infection and associated with disease activity in JORRP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyao Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, PR China; Laboratory of Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lijing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
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Zhao J, Wang G, Wang G, Wang H, Wang S, Tai J, Tang L, Gui J, Zhang J, Ni X. HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles in Chinese Han patients with Juvenile-Onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 102:119-122. [PMID: 29106857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile-Onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) is a rare benign neoplasm of the respiratory mucosa caused by human papilloma virus. Previous studies on the possible associations between HLA alleles and JORRP have shown various results in different ethnic groups. The present study aims to investigate the association between JORRP and HLA class II DRB1and DQB1 alleles in Chinese Han children. We found that the frequencies of HLA-DRB1*03:01 (pc = 0.0378, OR = 4.8) and HLA-DQB1*02:01 (pc = 0.021, OR = 4.8) alleles were significantly higher in patients with JORRP than in controls. In addition, HLA-DRB1*03:01 allele significantly correlated with aggressive JORRP (r = 0.467, p = 0.009). This was the first study on the HLA alleles in Chinese Han patients with JORRP. Future studies are required to further elucidate the correlation of HLA class II alleles and susceptibility to JORRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children by Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Guixiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Shengcai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jun Tai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Lixing Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jingang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children by Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China.
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Impaired T Cell-dependent Humoral Immune Response Associated with Juvenile-onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Progression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36378. [PMID: 27821867 PMCID: PMC5099571 DOI: 10.1038/srep36378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether humoral immunity plays a role in HPV type 6 or 11 virus-mediated Juvenile-onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (JORRP) remains unknown. In the present study, serum total IgG level in 44 JORRP patients was significantly decreased compared with that in 40 healthy controls. Moreover, expanded CD3−CD19+ B cells with down-regulation of CD23, CD40, HLA-DR and up-regulation of CD86 expression were found in the peripheral blood of JORRP patients. Flow cytometry analysis of B-cell compartment showed that the frequency of both CD19+CD27hi plasma cells and CD19+CD27+ memory B cells were decreased in JORRP patients. Importantly, although the proportion of circulating CXCR5+PD1hi Tfh cells was not changed, the function of Tfh cells were greatly impaired with reduced ability of IL-21 secretion to promote B cell maturation. Association analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method revealed that IL-21 secreting Tfh cell was positively correlated to the CD27+ B cell subset frequency, the serum IgG level and the frequency of recurrence in JORRP patients, but negatively correlated to the percentage of IgD+CD27− B cell. We concluded that a reduced IL-21 secretion by Tfh cells may limit B cell maturation and antibody production in JORRP patients and Tfh cell-derived IL-21 might be associated with JORRP outcome in clinic.
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Beltrão M, Wanderley MSO, de Santana NA, Bruneska D, de Lima Filho JL. Site of infections associated with human papillomavirus. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 291:481-91. [PMID: 25245668 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most clinically common sexually transmitted infection due to its carcinogenic power and the high number of lesions that it causes at different sites of the human body. MATERIAL AND METHODS Genital tract organs are the most common sites where the virus can be found, but by increasing the sensitivity of diagnostic technique, it is possible to identify viral presence in different regions of the body such as the stomach, the lung, and the urinary tract. These findings break with the traditional HPV skin/genital tropic profile and demonstrate that the virus is capable of infecting a wide variety of cells, tissues, and organs or can, at least, survive in these areas. The widespread presence of the HPV in the human body, often in latent form, led us to consider the hypothesis that HPV latency may be associated with no disease. CONCLUSION This observation raises further questions about the possibility of the virus not causing disease in specific sites of the human body, but rather, behaving like a commensal/opportunistic microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Beltrão
- Laboratory of Imunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP 50670-901, Brazil,
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Niyibizi J, Rodier C, Wassef M, Trottier H. Risk factors for the development and severity of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: a systematic review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:186-97. [PMID: 24367938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP) is a rare yet aggressive disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Although many newborns are likely exposed to HPV, few develop JoRRP and the clinical course of the disease varies from one child to another. This systematic review seeks to provide an up-to-date understanding of the risk factors for acquisition and severity. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search in EMBASE, MEDLINE and EBMR databases using various combinations of keywords related to JoRRP etiology, risk factors and severity. We also searched Google Scholar and the reference lists of eligible studies. Our search was limited to original studies published in French or English between 1995 and July 2012 and to patients under 20 years of age. RESULTS Of 1362 citations, we retrieved 102 articles and found 14 additional studies. We retained 32 studies meeting inclusion criteria. All were observational and together included 2296 JoRRP cases. Risk factors could be classified mainly as maternal and birth history, viral genotype, and host factors. A history of genital warts during pregnancy and delivery was strongly linked to the development of JoRRP. Depending on ethnicity, specific human leukocyte antigen class II alleles and immune response factors were important determinants of JoRRP acquisition and severity. HPV-11 genotype and younger age at onset of JoRRP were important predictors of severity. CONCLUSIONS Genetic and immunological profiles underlying the acquisition and clinical course are not readily modifiable. Thus, preventing condylomas in women of childbearing age could reduce the burden of this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Niyibizi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Public Health School 7101, Avenue du Parc, 3rd Floor, Montreal, Quebec H3N 1X9, Canada; Sainte Justine Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine), 3175 Chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Room A-830, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Caroline Rodier
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Public Health School 7101, Avenue du Parc, 3rd Floor, Montreal, Quebec H3N 1X9, Canada; Merck Canada Inc., 16711 Route Transcanadienne, Kirkland, Quebec H9H 3L1, Canada
| | - Maggy Wassef
- Sainte Justine Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine), 3175 Chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Room A-830, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Helen Trottier
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Public Health School 7101, Avenue du Parc, 3rd Floor, Montreal, Quebec H3N 1X9, Canada; Sainte Justine Hospital (CHU Sainte-Justine), 3175 Chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Room A-830, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Chaudhary AK, Singh M, Sundaram S, Mehrotra R. Role of human papillomavirus and its detection in potentially malignant and malignant head and neck lesions: updated review. HEAD & NECK ONCOLOGY 2009; 1:22. [PMID: 19555477 PMCID: PMC2706235 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-1-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck malignancies are characterized by a multiphasic and multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the most common risk factors for head and neck malignancy. Other factors, including DNA viruses, especially human papilloma virus (HPV), may also play a role in the initiation or development of these lesions. The pathways of HPV transmission in the head and neck mucosal lesions include oral-genital contact, more than one sexual partner and perinatal transmission of HPV to the neonatal child. The increase in prevalence of HPV infection in these lesions may be due to wider acceptance of oral sex among teenagers and adults as this is perceived to be a form of safe sex. The prevalence of HPV in benign lesions as well as malignancies has been assessed by many techniques. Among these, the polymerase chain reaction is the most sensitive method. Review of literature reveals that HPV may be a risk factor for malignancies, but not in all cases. For confirmation of the role of HPV in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, large population studies are necessary in an assortment of clinical settings. Prophylactic vaccination against high-risk HPV types eventually may prevent a significant number of cervical carcinomas. Of the two vaccines currently available, Gardasil (Merck & Co., Inc.) protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18, while the other vaccine, Cervarix (GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart, Belgium) protects against HPV types 16 and 18 only. However, the HPV vaccine has, to the best of our knowledge, not been tried in head and neck carcinoma. The role of HPV in etiopathogenesis, prevalence in benign and malignant lesions of this area and vaccination strategies are briefly reviewed here.
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