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Pokharel A, Naina P, Sebastain S, Syed KA, John M, Varghese AM. Normative nasalance scores in Tamil-speaking Indian children. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2020; 47:43-48. [PMID: 33269640 DOI: 10.1080/14015439.2020.1849391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to obtain normative nasalance scores for Indian Tamil-speaking children. METHODS Mean nasalance scores were obtained from 175 consecutive Tamil-speaking normal children (95 males, 80 females) aged 5-16 years during the repetition of six standardized sentences: two oral, two oronasal, and two nasal sentences. The nasal view was used to obtain nasalance scores for the standardized sentences. RESULTS Group mean and standard deviation (SD) nasalance scores of children for oral, oronasal, and nasal sentence were 35.65(SD 7.20), 44.42(SD 7.37), and 57.21(SD 8.15), respectively. The mean nasalance values of children aged 9-12 years were greater than children aged 5-8 years and 13-16 years for nasal sentences (p < .001). Males were found to have significantly higher nasalance scores for oral and oronasal sentences (p < .05) although these differences were within the range of normal variation. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides normative nasalance scores for Tamil-speaking Indian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apar Pokharel
- Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - P Naina
- Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - Mary John
- Department of ENT, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Yang X, Pratama GB, Choi Y, You H, Tâm NPM, Kim GW, Jo YJ, Ko MH. Measurement of Nasalance Scores Without Touching the Philtrum for Better Comfort During Speech Assessment and Therapy: A Preliminary Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:446-454. [PMID: 32924600 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620953340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Kay Pentax nasometer uses a separator plate that touches the philtrum of a patient to separate the nasal and oral sound energies for nasalance measurement. However, the separator plate can restrict the natural movement of the patient's upper lip and generate unpleasant pressure on the patient's philtrum. The present study was intended to measure nasalance scores without touching the philtrum for better comfort during speech assessment and therapy. METHODS Nasalance scores of 10 males and 10 females having no speech disorders were measured under 4 levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 mm) of the gap between the plate and the philtrum (denoted as plate-to-philtrum gap) using Nasometer II 6450 for nasal (Nasal Sentences) and oral (Zoo Passage) stimuli. Regression formulas were established to examine the relationships between nasalance score and plate-to-philtrum gap for the stimuli. To provide nasalance scores equivalent to those measured for the contact condition, compensation factors for the 5 mm plate-to-philtrum gap measurement condition were identified for the stimuli. RESULTS The nasalance scores were significantly different between the 4 different plate-to-philtrum gaps for the stimuli. Compensation factors for the Nasal Sentences and the Zoo Passage were identified as 1.17 and 0.71, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The 5 mm plate-to-philtrum gap condition after multiplying the compensation factors can provide equivalent nasalance scores to the conventional contact measurement condition which may provide better comfort in speech assessment and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, 66374Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Gradiyan Budi Pratama
- Department of Industrial Engineering, 89224Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Younggeun Choi
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, 34995Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heecheon You
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, 34995Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyễn Phu'ò'c Minh Tâm
- Department of Medicine, 90158Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Wook Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90158Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of 65377Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ju Jo
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of 65377Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Ko
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90158Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of 65377Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Nasometric evaluation of resonance disorders: A norm study In Turkish. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 131:109888. [PMID: 31981919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to adapt the Simplified Nasometric Assessment Procedures-Revised (SNAP-R) [1] to Turkish, gather norms from Turkish speakers, and test the sensitivity and specificity of the adapted test. Finally, this study was designed to determine if there are any differences in average nasalance scores due to age, gender, and vowel content of the passage. METHODS 240 children without any known speech, language or hearing disorders and 40 children with cleft palate participated in the study. Participants were divided into three groups according to their age (ages 4-7; 8-12; and 13-18). Data for this descriptive study was collected in the school settings and in a center of speech and language therapy. RESULTS This study showed a slight increase in nasalance with age, but no difference in nasalance based on gender. Furthermore, the nasalance score is determined by vowel content of the passage and that high vowels have higher nasalance than the low vowels. CONCLUSION This paper offers a new test for nasometric evaluation in the Turkish language, which has relatively high specificity and sensitivity in the evaluation of hypernasality.
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Saber-Moghadam R, Faham M, Ghavami FS, Ghayoumi-Anaraki Z. Normative data on nasalance scores for Farsi speaking children: Influence of age, gender and phonetic context. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 127:109680. [PMID: 31536853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normative nasalance scores are essential for treatment and assessment purposes for clinicians. The purpose of the current study is to determine the normative data on nasalance scores for Farsi speaking children. Comparing to the obtained normative data, hypernasal or hyponasal speech (i.e. the higher or lower nasalance score) can be evaluated. METHODS Ninety-six Farsi speakers ranging from 4 years to 11 years old with typically developing speech were included in this study. Mean nasalance scores were obtained using the Universal Parameters System sentences with nasometer II (model 6450). The nasalance data was also analyzed for any gender, age and phonetic context dependence. RESULTS Normative nasalance values were determined, Nno differences were found for gender and age for the school-aged children. With an increasing in age, the nasalance score also increased in oral passages but not in nasal passages. Furthermore, amongst the nasalance scores there was a significant difference between these four categories of sentences: 7 sentences loaded with oral stop consonants, 5 sentences loaded with oral fricative consonants, 2 sentences loaded with oral affricatives and 3 sentences loaded with nasal consonants. CONCLUSIONS The absence of age and gender differences led to a computation of an overall mean nasalance score for different types of phonetic context (Nasal, oral and oronasal). These normative nasalance data for Farsi speaking children will provide important reference information during speech assessments of children with velopharyngeal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihane Saber-Moghadam
- Department of Speech Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Faham
- Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh-Sadat Ghavami
- Department of Speech Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghayoumi-Anaraki
- Department of Speech Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Sampaio-Teixeira ACM, Oliveira DND, Yamashita RP, Fukushiro AP, Trindade IEK. Normative nasalance scores in the production of words and syllables for Brazilian Portuguese speakers. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2019; 33:1139-1148. [PMID: 30894033 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2019.1590733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine normative nasalance scores for non-cleft children, adolescents and adults, native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, during the production of words and syllables, for cross-linguistic comparisons in populations with and without cleft palate. Nasalance was assessed in 62 individuals, aged 6-10 years (n = 20), 11-17 years (n = 20) and 18-35 years (n = 22), using a nasometer II model 6450 (KayPENTAX), during production of one sequence of nine oral words (pipa, bis, burro, tatu, pilha, cuca, gui, fila, luz) and of sequences of isolated syllables (e.g. pa, pa, pa, pa, pa, pa) composed of plosive, fricative, liquid and nasal consonants with high and low vowels. In order to validate the new nasalance stimuli, nasalance scores for traditional oral and nasal stimuli were also obtained. Differences were analyzed at a significance level of 0.01. Mean nasalance scores (±SD) during the production of the sequence of words were 18 ± 5% (children), 18 ± 7% (adolescents) and 21 ± 5% (adults). Differences between age groups were not significant. During the production of syllables, adults had the highest mean nasalance scores (except for syllable /mi/); significant differences between age groups were observed only for /pa/ ,/sa/ and /la/. Nasalance scores were significantly higher in oral and nasal syllables with high vowels than with low vowels, and in nasal syllables than in oral syllables with high and low vowels. The nasalance scores obtained for the sentences were comparable to previously established norms. In conclusion, the nasalance scores defined for Brazilian Portuguese speakers, in different stimuli, may be adopted as normative values for local and cross-language comparisons in the identification of hypernasality related to conditions such as cleft palate, neurogenic disorders and syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Fukushiro
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo , Bauru , Brazil
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Lehes L, Horn R, Lippus P, Padrik M, Kasenõmm P, Jagomägi T. Normative nasalance scores for Estonian children. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2018; 32:1054-1066. [PMID: 29985668 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2018.1495767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Normative nasalance scores are essential for the treatment and assessment purposes for clinicians. Till date, no studies have been done on nasalance in Estonia. This research was conducted to develop Estonia-specific optimized speech stimuli for Nasometer II and establish the normative nasalance scores. Ninety-two randomly selected healthy and 14 cleft palate Estonian monolingual children, aged four to seven years, were included as participants. Estonian language-specific test material was developed. The Estonian test material consisted of 24 speech stimuli. Based on the phoneme content, the stimuli were divided into three groups: (1) sentences that included oral and nasal phonemes and targeted the same phoneme distribution as in spontaneous speech, (2) sentences that included only oral phonemes and (3) sentences that were loaded with nasal phonemes. Nasometer II software was used to calculate the nasalance scores for each child and each sentence. Results indicated that there were significant differences in nasalance scores for oronasal and oral stimuli scores, and no significant differences were found in nasal stimuli scores between the study and control group. The threshold for oronasal stimuli was 42.1-18.9, oral stimuli was 27.9-3.9 and nasal stimuli was 69.4-46.2. In conclusion, Estonia-specific optimized speech stimuli were developed and normative nasalance scores were established. These normative scores can be used for the diagnosis and follow-up treatment of patients with resonance disorders, especially for patients with cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lagle Lehes
- a Institute of Dentistry , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
- b Departement of Special Education , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Reet Horn
- b Departement of Special Education , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Pärtel Lippus
- c Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Marika Padrik
- b Departement of Special Education , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Priit Kasenõmm
- d Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Triin Jagomägi
- a Institute of Dentistry , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
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Nguyen VT, Lehes L, Truong TTH, Hoang TVA, Jagomägi T. Normative nasalance scores for Vietnamese-speaking children. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2017; 44:51-57. [DOI: 10.1080/14015439.2017.1389985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Thai Nguyen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Lagle Lehes
- Tartu University Hospital ENT Clinic, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Thi Van Anh Hoang
- The Office of Genetic Counseling and Disabled Children, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Triin Jagomägi
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Oliveira DND, Sampaio-Teixeira ACM, Alvarenga BG, Fukushiro AP, Yamashita RP, Trindade IEK. Escores de nasalância de falantes do Português Brasileiro aos cinco anos de idade. Codas 2017; 29:e20160197. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20172016197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Determinar valores de nasalância de crianças falantes do Português Brasileiro sem alterações na produção da fala, atraso de linguagem e deformidades dentofaciais evidentes, aos 5 anos de idade, e verificar as diferenças entre tipos de emissão e entre gêneros. Método A nasalância foi determinada em 20 crianças, 11 do gênero masculino e idade entre 4 anos e 10 meses e 5 anos e 11 meses, utilizando um nasômetro II 6450 (KayPENTAX), na produção de oito sílabas tipo consoante-vogal e uma sequência de nove vocábulos. A significância das diferenças entre os tipos de emissões foi verificada pelo Teste de Tukey e, entre os gêneros, pelo teste de Mann-Whitney, para um nível de 5%. Resultados Os valores médios de nasalância foram os seguintes: /pa/= 10±4%, /pi/= 22±7%, /sa/= 11±5%, /si/= 24±11%, /ma/= 57±11%, /mi/= 73±13%, /la/= 14±9%, /li/= 25±11%, vocábulos (pipa, bis, burro, tatu, pilha, cuca, gui, fila, luz)= 20±6%. Na maioria das comparações, os valores de nasalância das sílabas nasais foram significantemente maiores do que os das sílabas orais (com vogal alta ou neutra) e os valores das sílabas orais com vogal alta foram significativamente maiores que os das sílabas orais com vogal neutra. Não houve diferença significante entre os gêneros. Conclusão Foram definidos valores normais de nasalância de crianças falantes do Português Brasileiro, de 5 anos de idade, sendo que a metodologia empregada pode servir de padrão para o diagnóstico precoce de desvios de nasalidade, como a hipernasalidade observada na fala de crianças com fissura palatina.
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Bettens K, Wuyts FL, Jonckheere L, Platbrood S, Van Lierde K. Influence of gender and age on the Nasality Severity Index 2.0 in Dutch-speaking Flemish children and adults. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2016; 42:133-140. [PMID: 27841710 DOI: 10.1080/14015439.2016.1245781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the influence of gender and age on the Nasality Severity Index 2.0 (NSI 2.0), an instrumental multiparametric index to determine hypernasality. Additionally, reference values will be established for this new index. Influence of gender and age on the NSI 2.0 was explored in 80 Flemish-speaking children (4-12 years; 40 boys, 40 girls) and 60 Flemish-speaking adults (18-60 years, 30 men, 30 women) without resonance disorders by determining its incorporated acoustic parameters: nasalance of the vowel/u/and an oral text, determined by a Nasometer, and voice low tone to high tone ratio (VLHR) of the vowel/i/. The equation yields NSI 2.0 = 13.20 - (0.0824 × nasalance/u/(%)) - (0.26 × nasalance oral text (%)) - (0.242 × VLHR/i/4.47*F0 Hz (dB)). No effect of gender or age was found on the NSI 2.0 in children. However, significant differences were found for the NSI 2.0, nasalance of/u/and an oral text between adult men and women. Additionally, an interaction effect between gender and age was found for these parameters. Consequently, separate reference values for the NSI 2.0 in children, adult men and adult women were established. Based on these reference scores, deviation of the NSI 2.0 score in patients with resonance disorders can be defined, which can determine the need for (additional) intervention. Further research can explore the possible influence of language on the index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Bettens
- a Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Floris L Wuyts
- a Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,b Department of Biomedical Physics , University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Lisa Jonckheere
- a Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Shanah Platbrood
- a Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Kristiane Van Lierde
- a Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
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Logjes RJH, van den Aardweg MTA, Blezer MMJ, van der Heul AMB, Breugem CC. Velopharyngeal insufficiency treated with levator muscle repositioning and unilateral myomucosal buccinator flap. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 45:1-7. [PMID: 27939039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is common (20-30%) after cleft palate closure. The myomucosal buccinator flap has become an important treatment option for velopharyngeal insufficiency; however, published studies all use bilateral buccinator flaps. This study assesses outcomes with a unilateral myomucosal buccinator flap that might result in less operating time and might prevent the need of a bite block and an extra procedure for division of the flap pedicle at a later stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two consecutive patients who underwent a unilateral myomucosal buccinator flap procedure were retrospectively reviewed. Overall clinical judgment of speech, speech analysis, and velopharyngeal closure were evaluated by a multidisciplinary cleft palate team. RESULTS Median follow-up was 1.2 years. In 83% of patients, overall clinical judgment of optimal speech was obtained and thus no further velopharyngeal surgery was necessary. In 7 patients, further surgery was necessary, of whom 57% (4/7) had bilateral cleft lip-palate. Mean level of intelligibility improved significantly as evaluated by speech pathologists (2.5 ± 0.9 vs 3.5 ± 0.9; P < 0.0001) and by parents (2.1 ± 0.9 vs 3.2 ± 0.7; P < 0.0001). Mean level of resonance improved significantly (0.7 ± 0.9 vs 2.0 ± 1.0; P < 0.0001), and velopharyngeal closure improved in 83% postoperatively. CONCLUSION The unilateral myomucosal buccinator flap seems to be an effective and safe procedure and should become part of the armamentarium of cleft surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robrecht J H Logjes
- Division of Pediatric Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Maaike T A van den Aardweg
- Division of Ear-Nose and Throat Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Meike M J Blezer
- Division of Pediatric Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M B van der Heul
- Speech Pathology, Division of Pediatric Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - Corstiaan C Breugem
- Division of Pediatric Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bettens K, Wuyts FL, D'haeseleer E, Luyten A, Meerschman I, Van Crayelynghe C, Van Lierde KM. Short-term and long-term test-retest reliability of the Nasality Severity Index 2.0. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2016; 62:1-11. [PMID: 27175827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Nasality Severity Index 2.0 (NSI 2.0) forms a new, multiparametric approach in the assessment of hypernasality. To enable clinical implementation of this index, the short- and long-term test-retest reliability of this index was explored. METHODS In 40 normal-speaking adults (mean age 32y, SD 11, 18-56y) and 29 normal-speaking children (mean age 8y, SD 2, 4-12y), the acoustic parameters included in the NSI 2.0 (i.e. nasalance of the vowel /u/ and an oral text, and the voice low tone to high tone ratio (VLHR) of the vowel /i/) were obtained twice at the same test moment and during a second assessment two weeks later. After determination of the NSI 2.0, a comprehensive set of statistical measures was applied to determine its reliability. RESULTS Long-term variability of the NSI 2.0 and its parameters was slightly higher compared to the short-term variability, both in adults and in children. Overall, a difference of 2.82 for adults and 2.68 for children between the results of two consecutive measurements can be interpreted as a genuine change. With an ICC of 0.84 in adults and 0.77 in children, the NSI 2.0 additionally shows an excellent relative consistency. No statistically significant difference was withheld in the reliability of test-retest measurements between adults and children. CONCLUSION Reliable test-retest measurements of the NSI 2.0 can be performed. Consequently, the NSI 2.0 can be applied in clinical practice, in which successive NSI 2.0 scores can be reliably compared and interpreted. LEARNING OUTCOMES The reader will be able to describe and discuss both the short-term and long-term test-retest reliability of the Nasality Severity Index 2.0, a new multiparametric approach to hypernasality, and its parameters. Based on this information, the NSI 2.0 can be applied in clinical practice, in which successive NSI 2.0 scores, e.g. before and after surgery or speech therapy, can be compared and interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Bettens
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Floris L Wuyts
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Biomedical Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evelien D'haeseleer
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anke Luyten
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iris Meerschman
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kim HK, Yu XM, Cao YJ, Liu XM, Huang ZM. Dialectal and gender differences in nasalance for a Mandarin population. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2016; 30:119-130. [PMID: 26853731 DOI: 10.3109/02699206.2015.1116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are dialectal and gender related differences in nasalance of main Mandarin vowels and three sentences in 400 Chinese normal adults. The mean nasalance score difference for dialect and gender was significant (p < .001) in all speech materials. For different dialects, the average nasalance scores show that Chongqing > Beijing > Shanghai > Guangzhou for the nasal sentence, oro-nasal sentence, /a/, /i/ and /u/. In addition, the average nasalance scores of females were higher than those of males for all speech materials in all dialects. The clinical significance of this study can be helpful in making nasalance clinical decisions for Chinese people with cleft palate, hearing disorders and dysarthria with resonance disorders. It also shows the theoretical and socio-cultural features for linguists considering dialects and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Kyung Kim
- a The Key Laboratory of Speech & Hearing Sciences, East China Normal University, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , China
- b Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology , East China Normal University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiao-meng Yu
- c Department of Teacher Education , Kunming University , Kunming , China
| | - Yan-jing Cao
- d Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Changsha Social Work College , Changsha , China
| | - Xiao-ming Liu
- e College of Special Education, Beijing Union University , Beijing , China
| | - Zhao-Ming Huang
- a The Key Laboratory of Speech & Hearing Sciences, East China Normal University, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , China
- b Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology , East China Normal University , Shanghai , China
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Marino VCDC, Dutka JDCR, de Boer G, Cardoso VM, Ramos RG, Bressmann T. Normative Nasalance Scores for Brazilian Portuguese Using New Speech Stimuli. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2016; 67:238-44. [DOI: 10.1159/000441976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Nasalance scores for normal Korean-speaking adults and children: Effects of age, vowel context, and stimulus length. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1235-9. [PMID: 26089139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to collect nasalance scores for normal Korean-speaking children and adults and to determine whether age, vowel contexts, and stimulus length influence nasalance scores. METHODS Fifty-seven children aged 4-6 years and 17 adults participated in the study. Mean nasalance scores were obtained for eight sentences devoid of nasal consonants divided into the vowel/a/and/i/contexts; the sentences consisted of 4, 8, 16, and 31 syllables. All subjects were asked to repeat the speech stimuli twice after the examiner. The headset of the nasometer was replaced between the first and second recordings. An average value of the nasalance scores from the two recordings for each stimulus was calculated and used in the statistical analysis as a representative measure for each subject. RESULTS Mean and standard deviations of nasalance scores were obtained for each speech stimulus and each age group. The statistical analysis indicated significant effects of age and vowel context and a significant interaction between age and the vowel context on nasalance scores. However, the effect of stimulus length on nasalance scores was not significant. All speakers had higher nasalance scores for the vowel/i/contexts than for the vowel/a/contexts. Adults had higher nasalance scores compared to children in both vowel contexts. CONCLUSIONS These normal nasalance values from Korean-speaking children aged 4-6 years will provide important reference information for resonance assessment of children with cleft palate who have been considered for secondary palatal surgery. The results of the study suggest that subjects' age and the vowel content of speech stimuli should be carefully considered when interpreting the nasalance scores.
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Pegoraro-Krook MI, Marino VCDC, Silva L, Dutka JDCR. Correlação entre nasalância e nasalidade em crianças com hipernasalidade. REVISTA CEFAC 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216201415113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Garcia AF, Castro Marino VCD, Pegoraro-Krook MI, Guerra TA, Pereira Lauris JR, Rillo Dutka JDC. Nasalance during use of pharyngeal and glottal place of production. Codas 2014; 26:395-401. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20142014071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose:This study obtained nasalance scores during use of compensatory articulation (CA) and compared nasalance between groups with and without hypernasality and with and without CA.Methods:Speech samples were obtained from 43 individuals with and without velopharyngeal dysfunction during repetition of 20 phrases originating 860 audio recordings and their respective nasometric values. After excluding 143 recordings due to low quality, the remaining 717 samples were rated by three speech language pathologists (SLPs), independently, for presence or absence of hypernasality and CA. Nasalance scores for the 553 samples rated with 100% agreement among the SLPs were grouped according to the auditory-perceptual ratings: Group 1 (G1) - included samples without hypernasality and without CA (n=191); Group2 (G2) - included samples with hypernasality and without CA (n=288); Group 3 (G3) - included samples with hypernasality and with pharyngeal fricative (n=33); Group 4 (G4) - included samples with hypernasality and with glottal stop (n=41).Results:Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant difference nasalance scores which were significantly higher for G2, G3, and G4 (p<0.0001) when compared to G1. The use of pharyngeal fricative (G3), particularly during /f/ (p=0.0018) and /s/ (p=0.0017) productions resulted in nasalance scores significantly higher than scores found for G2.Conclusion:Significantly higher nasalance values where identified during use of pharyngeal fricative.
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El-Kassabi RM, Hassan S, Mesallam TA, Malki KH, Farahat M, Alfaris A. Standardization of nasalance scores in normal Saudi speakers. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2014; 40:77-85. [DOI: 10.3109/14015439.2014.907339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bettens K, Wuyts FL, De Graef C, Verhegge L, Van Lierde KM. Effects of Age and Gender in Normal-Speaking Children on the Nasality Severity Index: An Objective Multiparametric Approach to Hypernasality. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2013; 65:185-92. [DOI: 10.1159/000356462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Age of diagnosis and evaluation of consequences of submucous cleft palate. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:1019-24. [PMID: 23642488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the frequency of submucous cleft palate (SMCP) in a group of children with clefts. The reason for suspecting submucous cleft, age of diagnosis, effect of age on speech development, problems in speech, hearing and swallowing were compared with previous literature. METHODS Retrospective chart review: Out of 33 patients with SMCP, registered by the Groninger cleft team over approximately 20 years (1990 until July 2012), 28 non-syndromic patients with a proven diagnosis of SMCP were included: 17 males and 11 females. Speech and hearing were examined and the number of patients with SMCP and age at time of diagnosis were evaluated. The percentages of problems in resonance, articulation and hearing, present at time of diagnosis, were compared with the percentages of problems found after surgery. RESULTS Out of 800 patients with clefts, 28 patients (3,5%) were diagnosed with SMCP at a mean age of 3;9 years. All patients presented one or more symptomatic complaints at time of diagnosis: hypernasality (65%), problems in articulation (46%), conductive hearing loss (39%) and/or swallowing problems (32%). A bifid uvula was found in 92%. Following surgery, hypernasal speech and swallowing problems were no longer observed. The articulation problems remained after surgery. Age of diagnosis seems no predictor of articulation problems. An improvement in hearing was observed but normal hearing was not achieved. Pharyngoplasty appeared to be a successful and save treatment of hypernasality. CONCLUSIONS SMCP is a rare cleft palate which is, despite the presence of a bifid uvula and symptoms of velopharyngeal insufficiency, often diagnosed late. In children with a bifid uvula and mild problems in speech, hearing and swallowing, it is important to be alert to SMCP because SMCP may account for these persistent mild complaints. Therefore, early detecting of SMCP can yield profits.
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