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Sharma N, Kumari D, Panigrahi I, Khetarpal P. A systematic review of the monogenic causes of Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss (NSHL) and discussion of Current Diagnosis and Treatment options. Clin Genet 2023; 103:16-34. [PMID: 36089522 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hearing impairment is one of the most widespread inheritable sensory disorder affecting at least 1 in every 1000 born. About two-third of hereditary hearing loss (HHL) disorders are non-syndromic. To provide comprehensive update of monogenic causes of non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL), literature search has been carried out with appropriate keywords in the following databases-PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, and Science Direct. Out of 2214 papers, 271 papers were shortlisted after applying inclusion and exclusion criterion. Data extracted from selected papers include information about gene name, identified pathogenic variants, ethnicity of the patient, age of onset, gender, title, authors' name, and year of publication. Overall, pathogenic variants in 98 different genes have been associated with NSHL. These genes have important role to play during early embryonic development in ear structure formation and hearing development. Here, we also review briefly the recent information about diagnosis and treatment approaches. Understanding pathogenic genetic variants are helpful in the management of affected and may offer targeted therapies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Divya Kumari
- Department of Pediatrics Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Inusha Panigrahi
- Department of Pediatrics Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Preeti Khetarpal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Liu XW, Wang JC, Wang SY, Li SJ, Zhu YM, Ding WJ, Xu CY, Duan L, Xu BC, Guo YF. The mutation frequencies of GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4 and MT-RNR1 of patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in northwest China. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 136:110143. [PMID: 32645618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To expose the spectrum and frequency of GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4 and MT-RNR1 in northwest China and to investigate the underlying causative genes in patients without common mutations. METHODS We analyzed the mutation screening results of GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4 and MT-RNR1 in 398 unrelated severe-to-profound probands with bilateral, symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss. Subsequently, we selected 10 probands with a significant family history of inherited hearing loss (HL) that did not have the above four common gene mutations to perform next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 139 known deafness genes, followed by co-segregation analysis of all available family members. RESULTS Among the 398 patients, 69 (17.34%) had the biallelic GJB2 gene mutations, and the most common mutations were c.235delC, c.109G>A and c.299_300delAT, with allele frequencies of 12.31%, 3.38% and 3.89%, respectively. A total of 63 (15.83%) cases with biallelic SLC26A4 mutations were detected, and the most common pathogenic alleles were c.919-2A>G, c.2168A>G and c.1174A>T, with allele frequencies of 9.17%, 2.26% and 0.88%, respectively. Mitochondrial gene mutations were detected in 9 (2.26%) patients, with 5 cases of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) m.1555A>G mutation and 4 cases of mtDNA m.1095T>C mutation. In 10 probands with a clear family history of HL, NGS showed two novel pathogenic variants in 2 families, including c.4129C>T/c.3268C>T in LOXHD1, c.334G>A/c.2968G>T in CDH23. Sanger sequencing confirmed that these variants segregated with the HL in each family. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that GJB2 and SLC26A4 were the two major HL-causing genes in northwest China. The most common mutation alleles in GJB2 were c.235delC, c.109G>A and c.299_300delAT, and those in SLC26A4 were c.919-2A>G, c.2168A>G and c.1174A>T. In addition, both genes and their loci can be used as the first selection of deafness gene screening. Additionally, for patients who did not have mutations of these common genes, NGS provided an efficient diagnosis for increasing known deafness genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China
| | - Jian-Chao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China
| | - Su-Yang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Shu-Juan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China
| | - Chen-Yang Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China
| | - Bai-Cheng Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China
| | - Yu-Fen Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, PR China; Health Commission of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
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Ghofrani M, Yahyaei M, Brunner HG, Cremers FP, Movasat M, Imran Khan M, Keramatipour M. Homozygosity Mapping and Targeted Sanger Sequencing Identifies Three Novel CRB1 (Crumbs homologue 1) Mutations in Iranian Retinal Degeneration Families. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2017; 21:294-302. [PMID: 28460491 PMCID: PMC5548961 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ibj.21.5.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a group of genetic disorders with high degrees of clinical, genetic and allelic heterogeneity. IRDs generally show progressive retinal cell death resulting in gradual vision loss. IRDs constitute a broad spectrum of disorders including retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis. In this study, we performed genotyping studies to identify the underlying mutations in three Iranian families. Methods: Having employed homozygosity mapping and Sanger sequencing, we identified the underlying mutations in the crumbs homologue 1 gene. The CRB1 protein is a part of a macromolecular complex with a vital role in retinal cell polarity, morphogenesis, and maintenance. Results: We identified a novel homozygous variant (c.1053_1061del; p.Gly352_Cys354del) in one family, a combination of a novel (c.2086T>C; p.Cys696Arg) and a known variant (c.2234C>T, p.Thr745Met) in another family and a homozygous novel variant (c.3090T>A; p.Asn1030Lys) in a third family. Conclusion: This study shows that mutations in CRB1 are relatively common in Iranian non-syndromic IRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghofrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mahin Yahyaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Han G. Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans P.M. Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Morteza Movasat
- Eye Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Mutation spectrum of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss in central Iran. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1892-5. [PMID: 26409293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the spectrum of mutations in connexin 26 gene and frequency of two deletions in connexin 30 gene in central Iran. METHODS After extraction of DNA from 300 blood samples, connexin 26 gene coding region was amplified using specific primers. PCR products were used for bidirectional sequencing. Multiplex PCR was used for detection of del(GJB6-D13S1830) and del(GJB6-D13S1854) in the GJB6 gene. RESULTS Eighteen different mutations including two novel variants in GJB2 gene were detected. The GJB2 mutations were observed in 23.3% of all the subjects. In addition, none of the deaf patients carried the del(GJB6-D13S1830) and del(GJB6-D13S1854) in the GJB6 gene. The 35delG mutation was the most common mutation, accounting for 32.65% of the mutant alleles. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that mutations in the GJB2 gene particularly 35delG are important causes for ARNSHL. 60% of the patients were heterozygous carriers. Thus, further investigation is needed to detect the genetic cause of hearing loss in patients with mono allelic mutations in the coding region of GJB2.
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Fazel-Najafabadi E, Vahdat Ahar E, Fattahpour S, Sedghi M. Structural and functional impact of missense mutations in TPMT: An integrated computational approach. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 59 Pt A:48-55. [PMID: 26410243 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) detoxifies thiopurine drugs which are used for treatment of various diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and hematological malignancies. Individual variation in TPMT activity results from mutations in TPMT gene. In this study, the effects of all the known missense mutations in TPMT enzyme were studied at the sequence and structural level METHODS A broad set of bioinformatic tools was used to assess all the known missense mutations affecting enzyme activity. The effects of these mutations on protein stability, aggregation propensity, and residue interaction network were analyzed. RESULTS Our results indicate that the missense mutations have diverse effects on TPMT structure and function. Stability and aggregation propensities are affected by various mutations. Several mutations also affect residues in ligand binding site. CONCLUSIONS In vitro study of missense mutation is laborious and time-consuming. However, computational methods can be used to obtain information about effects of missense mutations on protein structure. In this study, the effects of most of the mutations on enzyme activity could be explained by computational methods. Thus, the present approach can be used for understanding the protein structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Fazel-Najafabadi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Vahdat Ahar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Fattahpour
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sedghi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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