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Zhang L, Wan Y, Wang N. Waardenburg syndrome type 4 coexisting with open-angle glaucoma: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:264. [PMID: 35790984 PMCID: PMC9258067 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Waardenburg syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder with varying degrees of sensorineural hearing loss as well as abnormal pigmentation in hair, skin, and iris. There are four types of Waardenburg syndrome (1–4) with different characteristics. Mutations in six genes have been identified to be associated with the various types. Herein, we describe a case of Waardenburg syndrome type 4 combined with open-angle glaucoma. Case presentation A 43-year-old Han Chinese man had undergone trabeculectomy due to progression of visual field impairment and unstable intraocular pressure in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination revealed diffuse iris hypopigmentation in the left eye and hypopigmentation of part of the iris in the right eye. Fundus examination showed red, sunset-like fundus due to a lack of pigmentation in the retinal pigment epithelium layer, diffuse loss of the nerve fiber layer, and an excavated optic nerve head with advanced-stage glaucoma. Imaging was performed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography to detect the iris configuration. In the heterochromic iris portion, the normal part of the iris showed a clear hyperreflective signal of the anterior border layer, while atrophy of the pigmented anterior border layer showed a hyporeflective area of the anterior surface resulting in reduced light absorption. Two mutations of the endothelin receptor type B gene were recognized in this study. The first (c.1111G>A on exon 7) leads to an amino acid change from glycine to serine at codon 371. Sanger verification revealed that this mutation is inherited from the mother. The other mutation (c.553G>A) leads to an amino acid change from valine to methionine at codon 185. Sanger verification showed that this mutation was inherited from the father. Conclusion Waardenburg syndrome shows a remarkable diversity in clinical presentation and morphology. This disease can also present with open-angle glaucoma. Sequencing analysis revealed two heterozygous mutations in the EDNRB gene in this patient, inherited from his mother and father, respectively. These two sites constitute a compound heterozygous variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 17 Hougou Line, Chongnei Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Yue Wan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 17 Hougou Line, Chongnei Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 17 Hougou Line, Chongnei Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
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Schock EN, LaBonne C. Sorting Sox: Diverse Roles for Sox Transcription Factors During Neural Crest and Craniofacial Development. Front Physiol 2020; 11:606889. [PMID: 33424631 PMCID: PMC7793875 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.606889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox transcription factors play many diverse roles during development, including regulating stem cell states, directing differentiation, and influencing the local chromatin landscape. Of the twenty vertebrate Sox factors, several play critical roles in the development the neural crest, a key vertebrate innovation, and the subsequent formation of neural crest-derived structures, including the craniofacial complex. Herein, we review the specific roles for individual Sox factors during neural crest cell formation and discuss how some factors may have been essential for the evolution of the neural crest. Additionally, we describe how Sox factors direct neural crest cell differentiation into diverse lineages such as melanocytes, glia, and cartilage and detail their involvement in the development of specific craniofacial structures. Finally, we highlight several SOXopathies associated with craniofacial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N. Schock
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Carole LaBonne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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Liu XW, Wang SY, Xing ZK, Zhu YM, Ding WJ, Duan L, Cui X, Xu BC, Li SJ, Guo YF. Targeted next-generation sequencing identified a novel variant of SOX10 in a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type 2. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520967540. [PMID: 33251892 PMCID: PMC7708717 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520967540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Waardenburg syndrome type 2 (WS2) is an autosomal dominant syndrome, characterized by bright blue eyes, hearing loss, and depigmented patches of hair and skin. It exhibits high phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. We explored the molecular etiology in a Chinese family with WS2. Methods We recruited a three-generation family with three affected members. Medical history was obtained from all family members who underwent detailed physical examinations and audiology tests. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of each individual, and 139 candidate genes associated with hearing loss were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) and verified by Sanger sequencing. Results Genetic evaluation revealed a novel nonsense heterozygous variant, NM_006941.4: c.342G>A (p.Trp114Ter) in exon 2 of the SOX10 gene in the three affected patients; no unaffected family member carried the variation. We did not detect the variation in 500 Chinese individuals with normal hearing or in 122 unrelated Chinese families with hearing loss, suggesting that it was specific to our patients. Conclusions We identified a novel heterozygous nonsense variation in a family with syndromic hearing loss and WS2. Our findings expand the pathogenic spectrum and strengthen the clinical diagnostic role of SOX10 in patients with WS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Su-Yang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Kui Xing
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Bai-Cheng Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Shu-Juan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yu-Fen Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Health Commission of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
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Chen D, Li S, Li S, Song X, Guo L, Zhang X, Sun C, Zhao S. Novel mutations of SOX10 gene in Chinese patients with type II Waardenburg syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 136:110172. [PMID: 32580110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Waardenburg Syndrome (WS) is a condition characterized by sensorineural deafness and pigment disturbances of the skin, hair and iris. By using the latest genomics technology, the WS-related gene mutations and corresponding mechanisms have been widely studied and reported. and the high genetic heterogeneity of the disease has also been explained. However, the SOX10 gene transcription and expression has still be unclear. In this study, we determined the phenotypic gene expression of WS patients in two Chinese WS families. More importantly, we identified two novel SOX10 mutations, c.482-487del (p.R161-M162del)and c.52G > T (p.E18X) in WSII for the first time in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingli Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, 056001, PR China
| | - Shouxia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, 056001, PR China.
| | - Shurui Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, 056001, PR China
| | - Xuedong Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, 056001, PR China
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, 056001, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, 056001, PR China
| | - Caixia Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, 056001, PR China
| | - Subin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056001, PR China
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Chen K, Zhan Y, Wu X, Zong L, Jiang H. Germinal mosaicism of PAX3 mutation caused Waardenburg syndrome type I. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 104:200-204. [PMID: 29287868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Waardenburg syndrome mutations are most often recurrent or de novo. The rate of familial recurrence is low and families with several affected children are extremely rare. In this study, we aimed to clarify the underlying hereditary cause of Waardenburg syndrome type I in two siblings in a Chinese family, with a mother affected by prelingual mild hearing loss and a father who was negative for clinical symptoms of Waardenburg syndrome and had a normal hearing threshold. METHODS Complete characteristic features of the family members were recorded and genetic sequencing and parent-child relationship analyses were performed. RESULTS The two probands were found to share double mutations in the PAX3/GJB2 genes that caused concurrent hearing loss in Waardenburg syndrome type I. Their mother carried the GJB2 c.109G > A homozygous mutation; however, neither the novel PAX3 c.592delG mutation, nor the Waardenburg syndrome phenotype, was observed in either parent. CONCLUSION These previously unreported digenic mutations in PAX3/GJB2 resulted in deafness associated with Waardenburg syndrome type I in this family. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing germinal mosaicism in Waardenburg syndrome. This concept is important because it complicates genetic counseling of this family regarding the risk of recurrence of the mutations in subsequent pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitian Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ling Zong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hongyan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, China.
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Wang X, Zhu Y, Shen N, Peng J, Wang C, Liu H, Lu Y. A de novo deletion mutation in SOX10 in a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type 4. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41513. [PMID: 28128317 PMCID: PMC5269737 DOI: 10.1038/srep41513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome type 4 (WS4) or Waardenburg-Shah syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with a prevalence of <1/1,000,000 and characterized by the association of congenital sensorineural hearing loss, pigmentary abnormalities, and intestinal aganglionosis. There are three types of WS4 (WS4A–C) caused by mutations in endothelin receptor type B, endothelin 3, and SRY-box 10 (SOX10), respectively. This study investigated a genetic mutation in a Chinese family with one WS4 patient in order to improve genetic counselling. Genomic DNA was extracted, and mutation analysis of the three WS4 related genes was performed using Sanger sequencing. We detected a de novo heterozygous deletion mutation [c.1333delT (p.Ser445Glnfs*57)] in SOX10 in the patient; however, this mutation was absent in the unaffected parents and 40 ethnicity matched healthy controls. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis and three-dimensional modelling of the SOX10 protein confirmed that the c.1333delT heterozygous mutation was pathogenic, indicating that this mutation might constitute a candidate disease-causing mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yaowu Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Haiyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Wenzhi H, Ruijin W, Jieliang L, Xiaoyan M, Haibo L, Xiaoman W, Jiajia X, Shaoying L, Shuanglin L, Qing L. Heterozygous deletion at the SOX10 gene locus in two patients from a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type II. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1718-21. [PMID: 26296878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare disease characterized by sensorineural deafness and pigment disturbance. To date, almost 100 mutations have been reported, but few reports on cases with SOX10 gene deletion. The inheritance pattern of SOX10 gene deletion is still unclear. Our objective was to identify the genetic causes of Waardenburg syndrome type II in a two-generation Chinese family. METHODS Clinical evaluations were conducted in both of the patients. Microarray analysis and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) were performed to identify disease-related copy number variants (CNVs). DNA sequencing of the SOX10, MITF and SNAI2 genes was performed to identify the pathogenic mutation responsible for WS2. RESULTS A 280kb heterozygous deletion at the 22q13.1 chromosome region (including SOX10) was detected in both of the patients. No mutation was found in the patients, unaffected family members and 30 unrelated healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS This report is the first to describe SOX10 heterozygous deletions in Chinese WS2 patients. Our result conform the thesis that heterozygous deletions at SOX10 is an important pathogenicity for WS, and present as autosomal dominant inheritance. Nevertheless, heterozygous deletion of the SOX10 gene would be worth investigating to understand their functions and contributions to neurologic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wenzhi
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Ruijin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Jieliang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Ma Xiaoyan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu Haibo
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Xiaoman
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian Jiajia
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Shaoying
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Shuanglin
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Qing
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China.
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