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Tse KL, Savoldi F, Li KY, McGrath CP, Yang Y, Gu M. Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among 12-year-old children and its association with craniofacial characteristics: a cross-sectional study. Prog Orthod 2023; 24:31. [PMID: 37691059 PMCID: PMC10493207 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and craniofacial factors associated with this condition requires studies with random sampling from the general population, and multiple criteria can be used for assessing AH on lateral cephalometric radiograph (LCR). The present analysis represents the first report performed according to these requirements in a large cross-sectional sample of children. METHODS LCRs of 517 12-year-old children (286 males, 231 females) randomly selected from the general population were retrospectively retrieved. AH was defined using three criteria (At/Nd, Ad-Ba/PNS-Ba, 1-Npaa/Npa), and twelve craniofacial variables were measured (SNA, SNB, ANB, Wits, Cd-Gn, MnP^SN, MxP^MnP, TPFH/TAFH, OPT^SN, C2ps-C4pi^SN, H-CV, H-FH). Skeletal characteristics were compared between children with and without AH using Mann-Whitney U test. Binary logistic regression (adjusted for sex and skeletal growth) was used to independently quantify the association between craniofacial factors and AH. RESULTS The prevalence of children with AH was 17.6% (according to At/Nd), 19.0% (according to Ad-Ba/PNS-Ba), and 13.9% (according to 1-Npaa/Npa). Children with AH presented greater antero-posterior jaw discrepancy (larger ANB, smaller SNB), greater mandibular divergence (larger MnP^SN), forward head posture (larger OPT^SN and C2ps-C4pi^SN), and anteriorly positioned hyoid bone (larger H-CV). Larger SNA (OR = 1.39-1.48), while smaller SNB (OR = 0.77-0.88) and Wits (OR = 0.85-0.87), were associated with greater likelihood of having AH, independently from the assessment method used. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of children with AH ranged from 13.9 to 19.0% based on LCR. Greater antero-posterior maxillo-mandibular discrepancy and mandibular retrusion were independently associated with higher likelihood of having AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Lok Tse
- Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabio Savoldi
- Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kar Yan Li
- Clinical Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Colman P McGrath
- Dental Public Health, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gu
- Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
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Evaluation of symptoms of preopoperative and postoperative psychosomatic screening in children with adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 134:110072. [PMID: 32387709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy are very common operations in childhood. It is important to clarify their effects on this age group; in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the causative agent on children's mental health by using scales that help to screen for indications of mental disorders in children, who have had adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy, both before and after surgery. In this way, we aimed to investigate the effects of this factor on children's mental health. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 82 children aged 6-12 years with signs of upper respiratory tract obstruction or recurrent adenotonsilitis. Adenotonsillectomy was performed in 41 patients included in the study and adenoidectomy was performed in 41 patients included in the study. 40 healthy children matched with the patient groups in terms of age and gender were included in the control group. Patients, were divided into three groups, those who underwent adenoidectomy, patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy and those in the control group Preoperative and postoperative questionnaires were used to investigate the effect of tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy on the mental health of children. The Parents' Form for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Parental Form for the Children's Anxiety Screening Scale, the Sleeping Scale for Children and the Quality of Life Scale for Children were used in the screening. RESULTS In children, who underwent adenoidectomy/adenotonsillectomy due to recurrent infection and adeno/adenotonsillar hypertrophy; it was seen that there was a significant decrease in the scores for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Anxiety Screening Scale in Children, and the Sleep Scale in Children, and a significant increase in Quality of Life Scale for Children scores. OUTCOME In conclusion, adenoidectomy/adenotonsillectomy in children with sleep apnea due to recurrent episodes of infection and adeno/adenotonsillar hypertrophy was thought to prevent further neurobehavioral problems, likely to become more complex in the future, and to improve quality of life.
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Bulfamante AM, Saibene AM, Felisati G, Rosso C, Pipolo C. Adenoidal Disease and Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children-Is there a Link? J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1528. [PMID: 31548504 PMCID: PMC6832509 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is an extremely common condition in the pediatric and adolescent populations that can lead to various medical conditions, including acute rhinosusitis, with a percentage of these progressing to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The relationship between AH and pediatric CRS has been extensively studied over the past few years and clinical consensus on the treatment has now been reached, allowing this treatment to become the preferred clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to review existing literature and data on the relationship between AH and CRS and the options for treatment. A systematic literature review was performed using a search line for "(Adenoiditis or Adenoid Hypertrophy) and Sinusitis and (Pediatric or Children)". At the end of the evaluation, 36 complete texts were analyzed, 17 of which were considered eligible for the final study, dating from 1997 to 2018. The total population of children assessed in the various studies was of 2371. The studies were categorized as surgical-observational, microbiological, genetic-immunological, and radiological. The analysis of the studies confirms the relationship between AH and CRS and supports the existing consensus on medical and surgical therapy. Furthermore, these studies underline the necessity to adapt medical and surgical treatment considering age, comorbidities including asthma and, if present, the Computed Tomography (CT) score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mario Bulfamante
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (G.F.); (C.R.); (C.P.)
| | | | - Giovanni Felisati
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (G.F.); (C.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Cecilia Rosso
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (G.F.); (C.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlotta Pipolo
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (G.F.); (C.R.); (C.P.)
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