1
|
Chen X, Yu B, Wang Z, Li Q, Dai C, Wei J. Correction of nasal tip deformity using an island flap of nasal dorsum. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 91:407-412. [PMID: 38479122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Bifid nose is a rare congenital malformation, and few cases have been reported due to its low incidence. Herein, we report a new surgical procedure to treat patients with excess dorsal nasal tissue and an underfilled tip. A total of 22 patients with bifid nose deformities underwent surgery at our institution between 2012 and 2022. They were characterized by a broad nasal dorsum and a missing or underdeveloped nasal tip. We designed an innovative island flap of nasal dorsum as a new surgical method for treating this bifid nose deformity. Nasal length, tip projection, and photographs of nose morphology were obtained before and after the surgery. Outcomes, complications, indications, and patient satisfaction were analyzed and interviewed. The follow-up time ranges from 6 to 33 months (8.7 ± 5.5 months). The deformity was successfully corrected with an improved nasal appearance. Nasal length increased from initially 4.2 ± 0.3 mm to 4.6 ± 0.3 mm. Tip projection reached 19.9 ± 4.0 mm, which was 15.7 ± 2.9 mm before surgery. No severe complications were observed except poor venous reflux within postoperative 72 hours in four cases. Six patients (27.3%) got moderate healing and acceptable scars, and 14 patients (63.6%) got good healing. Most patients were very satisfied with the outcome (93.9%). The newly designed nasal dorsum island flap is a safe and effective technical approach to correct nose deformity featured by broad nasal dorsum and a missing or underdeveloped nasal tip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Baofu Yu
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China.
| | - Chuanchang Dai
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China.
| | - Jiao Wei
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Yu B, Wang Z, Li Q, Dai C, Wei J. Two novel mutations within FREM1 gene in patients with bifid nose. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:631. [PMID: 38097983 PMCID: PMC10720098 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bifid nose is a rare congenital deformity and the etiology is unknown. The purpose of this study was to report genetic variation in family of patients with bifid nose. METHODS Twenty-three consecutive patients who were diagnosed with mild bifid nose were operated with z-plasty from 2009 to 2021. Three underage patients (a pair of twins and a girl) from two family lines, who came to our hospital for surgical treatment, were enrolled. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were conducted. Z-shaped flaps were created and the cartilago alaris major were re-stitched. Photographs and CT scan before and after surgery were obtained. Clinical outcomes, complications and patients' satisfaction were evaluated and analyzed. The follow-up time ranges from 2 to 3 years (2.4 ± 1.2 years). RESULTS Most patients were satisfied with the outcome (96.2%). The nasal deformities were corrected successfully with z-plasty technique in one-stage. FREM1 c.870_876del and c.2 T > C were detected with Whole exome sequencing, which have not been reported before. The results of Sanger sequencing were consistent with those of Whole exome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The newly detected mutations of FREM1 have a certain heritability, and are helpful to make an accurate diagnosis and provide a better understanding of bifid nose mechanism. Z-plasty technique can be an effective technical approach for correcting mild bifid nose deformity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofu Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanchang Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiao Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei J, Herrler T, Yu B, Chen X, Wang Z, Dong L, Chen A, Chen Q, Li Q, Dai C. Reconstruction of the shortened columella in mild bifid nose using a propeller flap based on the nasal columella artery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2023; 82:152-158. [PMID: 37167716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Bifid nose generally appears short columellar and lacks the nasal tip. Here, we describe a surgical correction technique for correcting the short columellar and nasal tip of bifid nose using a local flap to discuss outcomes, patient selection, and complications based on 11 years of experience. Thirty-two patients with mild wide bifid nose and shortened columella were included in this retrospective study. All patients underwent nasal rhinoplasty using a propeller flap based on the nasal columella artery. Nasal columella length, horizontal distance of tip-defining point, and angle of facial convexity were evaluated based on three-dimensional simulation technology. Complications including possible underlying reasons were analyzed. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a self-assessment survey. Nasal esthetics and function were considerably improved. Follow-up examinations during a period of 9 months on average demonstrated stable results. The columella length was 9.7 ± 4.6 mm preoperatively and 19.9 ± 3.2 mm postoperatively (P < 0.05). The horizontal distance of tip-defining point (mm) decreased to 18.9 ± 5.5 mm postoperatively from a preoperative 23.3 ± 5.4 mm (P < 0.05). There were no severe postoperative complications. Complications were scar, temporary hematoma, and mild infection of nasal skin. The majority of patients (97%) rated their outcome as improved and much improved. Surgical correction using a nasal columella artery propeller flap is an effective therapeutic approach for patients with mild bifid nose. The use of a local flap along with minimal donor-site morbidity and reliable outcomes contributes to the high patient acceptance. Meticulous surgical technique and careful patient selection are prerequisites for successful results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wei
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Tanja Herrler
- Department of Hand Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau, Germany
| | - Baofu Yu
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Liping Dong
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Aihong Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Study in the Universitas Prima Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Chuanchang Dai
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd., Shanghai 200011, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen LHN, Carro MA, Castiglione CL, Hughes CD. Nasal Bifidity: An Unusual Pediatric Congenital Anomaly and Review of the Literature. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:1235-1237. [PMID: 37143192 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital nasal anomalies are rare, with an estimated incidence of 1/20,000 to 40,000 live births. Hyperplasia and duplication anomalies are the most uncommon, comprising about 1% of reported cases. The authors present the case of a 6-year-old girl who presented to our institution with an isolated congenital bifid nasal septum. Parents reported a visibly abnormal nose since birth, and it had been continuously monitored by the parents and pediatrician. She demonstrated no history of difficulty breathing or other nasal concerns and was otherwise growing and developing normally. On physical examination, she was breathing comfortably through her bilateral nasal airways. Her nasal examination revealed a widened mid-vault with deep dorsal grooving and a bifid tip. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an isolated bifid nasal septum without other facial malformation or intracranial extension. She underwent an open septorhinoplasty. Intraoperatively, the authors identified an anomalous dorsal nasal bone extension with a resultant bifidity in the body and caudal portions of the septum. Ostectomy and cartilaginous repositioning allowed for an autogenous reconstruction without the need for grafting. She subsequently recovered well without postoperative complications and continues to have improved nasal appearance with maintenance of function. A review of recent literatures revealed 2 other cases that are similar in presentation. The authors proposed that embryologically there might have been a change in expression of bone morphogenetic protein in the frontonasal area leading to caudal extension of the nasal bone. This in turn interferes with the fusion of nasal septum resulting in the bifid septum and dual dome morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Hsuen N Chen
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington
| | - Marina A Carro
- Frank H. Netter School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven
| | | | - Christopher D Hughes
- Division of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, CT
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Wang H, You J, Han R, Zheng R, Xu Y, Zhang X, Guo J, Fan F. A ten-year surgical experience in patients of Tessier No.0 cleft with a bifid nose. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 164:111399. [PMID: 36455432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tessier No.0 cleft with a bifid nose is a rare malformation. Reconstruction of the nose is essential for children/adults to correct facial cosmetic defects and contribute to developing patients' mental health. The aim of the study was to present the 10-year clinical results using local flaps or expanded forehead flaps in bifid nose patients. METHODS A retrospective review was performed between January of 2010 and August of 2021 in our department. Sex, age at surgery, associated anomalies, and type of operation were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 33 patients were retained. The median duration of follow-up was 5.5 years. Fourteen patients underwent multi-stage nasal reconstruction using expanded forehead flap with costal cartilage as a framework, and 16 patients were operated with local skin flap with silicone while the other three were operated with local skin flap with costal cartilage. There were six cases (18.18%) of complications in our study. During follow-up, 28 patients (84.85%) had satisfactory outcomes, four patients (12.12%) had partially satisfactory results, and one patient (3.03%) had an unsatisfactory outcome. CONCLUSION Using local skin flap with silicone or costal cartilage rhinoplasty and nasal reconstruction using expanded forehead flap with costal cartilage for patients with a bifid nose of Tessier No.0 cleft showed that it was safe and effective, and had satisfying results in the long-term follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 33, Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 33, Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianjun You
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 33, Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ri Han
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruobing Zheng
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 33, Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yihao Xu
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 33, Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xulong Zhang
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 33, Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Junsheng Guo
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 33, Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fei Fan
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 33, Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Yu B, Dai C, Wei J. Surgical Correction of a Bifid Nose Deformity with a Split M-Shaped Flap. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2022; 25:238-243. [PMID: 35856821 DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2022.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bifid nose is a representative indicator of a facial cleft in patients with frontonasal dysplasia. There is no consensus on effective methods to correct bifid nose deformities due to their varied expressions and limited reports of surgical treatments. In this article, we propose using a split M-shaped flap to treat severe dorsal and alar deformities in patients with a bifid nose. Methods: From 2012 to 2021, a total of 26 bifid nose patients underwent surgical correction of their nasal deformities, which were characterized by cleft and board dorsum, alar defects, shortened nose, and shortened or absent nasal tip. These surgeries were performed with the transposition of an M-shaped split flap. Nasal length and nasolabial angle were assessed before and after surgery. Indications, outcomes, and complications were analyzed. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a self-assessment survey. Results: Postoperative evaluation showed stable results with increased nasal length and improved nasal appearance. Complications were seen in difficulty breathing through the nose and persistent nostril deformities. The majority of patients (92.3%) were satisfied with their surgical outcome. Conclusion: Split M-shaped flap for bifid nose treatment provides improved nasal appearance with a high patient acceptance and stable postoperative results. Clinical Trial registration: chictr.org identifier ChiCTR2000039275.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinmin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baofu Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanchang Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wei J, Herrler T, Yu B, Chen X, Dai C. Correction of severe bifid nose deformity using an open W-shaped incision. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:3457-3461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
8
|
Wang X, Wang H, You J, Zheng R, Xu Y, Fan F. Craniofacial development in patients of Tessier No.0 cleft with a bifid nose using 3D computed tomography. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:979345. [PMID: 36090555 PMCID: PMC9449123 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.979345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Considerable studies have focused mainly on the facial deformity of Tessier No.0 cleft with a bifid nose, but the deformity of the skull is not well understood. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the evolution of cranial dysmorphology and the chronology of Tessier No.0 cleft with a bifid nose, by three-dimensional measurements. METHODS Ninety-six non-surgical patients and computed tomographic scans were included (Tessier No.0 cleft with a bifid nose, n = 48; controls, n = 48) and divided into five age subgroups. Craniofacial cephalometric measurements were analyzed by Mimics software. RESULTS The widening of nasal bone was the most remarkable and persistent from 2 years old appropriately. The overall cranial base length in patients compared with controls increased 11.8% (p < 0.01) on average. The middle and posterior cranial fossa increasing accounted for most of this change. The cranial base angles also showed increased obviously. By analyzing the linear of the nasopharynx and respiratory tract, it was found that its development did not affect respiration. CONCLUSIONS The cranial base deformity of Tessier No.0 cleft with a bifid nose consists of the whole skull base and particularly the middle and posterior cranial base length increase. At the same time, there may be late closure of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis and sella displacement. We believe this study is unique in providing valuable data for elucidating the pathological and morphological abnormalities of skull base development in Tessier No.0 cleft with a bifid nose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun You
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruobing Zheng
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yihao Xu
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Fan
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Wang H, You J, Zheng R, Xu Y, Zhang X, Guo J, Fan F. Morphological Analysis of Nose in Patients of Tessier No. 0 Cleft With a Bifid Nose in China. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:768176. [PMID: 34912760 PMCID: PMC8668193 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.768176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Facial cleft involves complex malformations. No study assessed the facial deformity of Tessier No. 0 cleft with a bifid nose. Thus, we used anthropometric measurements to access the nose in patients. Methods: A total of 24 bifid nose deformities underwent surgery at our institution between 2010 and 2019. Standardized photographs were taken preoperatively and postoperatively. Landmarks were identified on these images; measurements for nasal analysis were performed and compared with the established Chinese norms. Surgical method differences were also analyzed. Results: The median follow-up time was 2.51 years. Postoperatively, there is a significant difference in comparison with preoperative in the nasal index, medial canthus and nose width index, nasolabial angle, nasofacial angle, ala length and nasal bridge length index, nasal tip protrusion and nasal width index, and nasal width and ala length index. Furthermore, the medial canthus and nose width index, and nasal width and ala length index were significantly larger in ordinary people, while ala length and nasal bridge length index and nasal tip protrusion and nasal width index were smaller. After surgery, most angles and index were standard except the nasolabial angle in the females, and ala length and nasal bridge length index in the males. Moreover, as for the group of costal cartilage transplantation, most index and angles have improved after surgery including nasolabial angle, nasofacial angle, ala length and nasal bridge length index, nasal tip protrusion and nasal width index, and nasal width and ala length index. However, only nasal tip protrusion and nasal width index, columella length and nasal tip protrusion index, and nasal width and ala length index in the silicone prosthesis group implantation has significance. Costal cartilage transplantation can also better improve ala length and nasal bridge length index than the silicone prosthesis implantation. Conclusion: Most defects can be repaired with surgery, but the outcome has a lack of evaluation. Thus, anthropometric assessment can serve as a material for nasal and reconstructive surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun You
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruobing Zheng
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yihao Xu
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xulong Zhang
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junsheng Guo
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Fan
- Department of Rhinoplasty, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|