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De Jong RW, Davis GS, Chelf CJ, Marinelli JP, Erbele ID, Bowe SN. Continuous white noise exposure during sleep and childhood development: A scoping review. Sleep Med 2024; 119:88-94. [PMID: 38663282 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White noise machines are widely used as a sleep aid for young children and may lead to poor hearing, speech, and learning outcomes if used incorrectly. OBJECTIVE Characterize the potential impact of chronic white noise exposure on early childhood development. METHODS Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception through June 2022 for publications addressing the effects of chronic noise exposure during sleep on early development in animals and children. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. Among 644 retrieved publications, 20 met inclusion criteria after review by multiple authors. Seven studies evaluated animal models and 13 studies examined pediatric subjects, including 83 animal and 9428 human subjects. RESULTS White noise machines can exceed 91 dB on maximum volume, which exceeds the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health noise exposure guidelines for a 2-h work shift in adults. Evidence suggests deleterious effects of continuous moderate-intensity white noise exposure on early development in animal models. Human subject data generally corroborates these models; however, studies also suggest low-intensity noise exposure may be beneficial during sleep. CONCLUSIONS Existing data support the limitation of maximal sound intensity and duration on commercially available white noise devices. Further research into the optimal intensity and duration of white noise exposure in children is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell W De Jong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, 3351 Roger Brooke Dr., JBSA-Ft Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Gavin S Davis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, 3351 Roger Brooke Dr., JBSA-Ft Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Cynthia J Chelf
- Mayo Clinic Libraries, 200 1st St SE, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - John P Marinelli
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, 3351 Roger Brooke Dr., JBSA-Ft Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Isaac D Erbele
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, 3351 Roger Brooke Dr., JBSA-Ft Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sarah N Bowe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, 3351 Roger Brooke Dr., JBSA-Ft Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Ma AC, Rosi-Schumacher M, Corbin AF, Geisen H, Carr MM. White noise use among children undergoing sound field audiometry: A preliminary study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 181:111982. [PMID: 38776720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of routine white noise exposure in children who undergo sound field audiometry. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a pediatric otolaryngology clinic affiliated with an academic tertiary care hospital. The medical records of children who underwent sound field audiometry were reviewed and data was collected regarding demographics and audiogram results. The group was divided into two cohorts based on routine exposure to white noise. Children exposed to white noise were tested with warble tones, while those not exposed were tested with narrow-band noise. RESULTS 127 patients underwent sound field audiometry testing, of which 96 (75.6%) were reported by their parents to use white noise for sleep. The mean age at time of testing was 1.6 years (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.5-1.7). 104 (81.9%) children were able to respond to at least four of the sound field thresholds, and there was no significant difference between the children exposed to white noise and those who were not (P = 0.459). Mean pure tone average (PTA) was 26.2 dB (95% CI 25.2-27.2) and mean speech reception threshold (SRT) was 19.2 dB (95% CI 18.2-20.2). The sound field response rate, PTA, and SRT were similar between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS The routine use of white noise therapy was extremely common in this pediatric population. The use of warble tones as the audiometric stimuli for children exposed to white noise resulted in similar testing success compared to the use of narrow-band noise in children not exposed to white noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Ma
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Mattie Rosi-Schumacher
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Alexandra F Corbin
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Helana Geisen
- Diversified Hearing and Balance Centers, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Michele M Carr
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Zhang Q, Huo Q, Chen P, Yao W, Ni Z. Effects of white noise on preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2094. [PMID: 38268285 PMCID: PMC10794858 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To critically assess the effects of white noise on the pain level, weight gain and vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation) of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Ten databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP and Wanfang Data) were systematically reviewed from inception to July 2022. Two reviewers evaluated the risk of bias separately using the Cochrane Collaboration criteria and extracted data using a predesigned information form. RESULTS The meta-analysis included eight eligible RCTs. According to statistical analysis, white noise significantly affected the pain level, weight gain, heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation in preterm infants. Regardless of the outcome measurement timing, gestational age and birth weight of preterm infants, subgroup analysis demonstrated that white noise reduced the pain level, heart rate and respiratory rate and promoted weight gain in preterm infants in NICUs. CONCLUSION White noise is a practical and potentially useful therapy for premature neonates in NICUs. No Patient or Public Contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of NeonatologyChildren's Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochowChina
| | - Qiugui Huo
- Department of NeonatologyChildren's Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochowChina
| | - Peizhen Chen
- Department of NeonatologyChildren's Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochowChina
| | - Wenying Yao
- Department of NursingChildren's Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochowChina
| | - Zhihong Ni
- Department of NursingChildren's Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochowChina
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Induction Mechanism of Auditory-Assisted Vision for Target Search Localization in Mixed Reality (MR) Environments. AEROSPACE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/aerospace9070340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In MR (mixed reality) environments, visual searches are often used for search and localization missions. There are some problems with search and localization technologies, such as a limited field of view and information overload. They are unable to satisfy the need for the rapid and precise location of specific flying objects in a group of air and space targets under modern air and space situational requirements. They lead to inefficient interactions throughout the mission process. A human being’s decision and judgment will be affected by inefficient interactions. Based on this problem, we carried out a multimodal optimization study on the use of an auditory-assisted visual search for localization in an MR environment. In the spatial–spherical coordinate system, the target flight object position is uniquely determined by the height h, distance r, and azimuth θ. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the cross-modal connections between the auditory elements and these three coordinates based on a visual search. In this paper, an experiment was designed to study the correlation between auditory intuitive perception and vision and the cognitive induction mechanism. The experiment included the three cross-modal mappings of pitch–height, volume–distance, and vocal tract alternation–spatial direction. The research conclusions are as follows: (1) Visual cognition is induced by high, medium, and low pitches to be biased towards the high, medium, and low spatial regions of the visual space. (2) Visual cognition is induced by loud, medium, and low volumes to be biased towards the near, middle, and far spatial regions of the visual space. (3) Based on the HRTF application, the vocal track alternation scheme is expected to significantly improve the efficiency of visual interactions. Visual cognition is induced by left short sounds, right short sounds, left short and long sounds, and right short and long sounds to be biased towards the left, right, left-rear, and right-rear directions of visual space. (4) The cognitive load of search and localization technologies is significantly reduced by incorporating auditory factors. In addition, the efficiency and effect of the accurate search and positioning of space-flying objects have been greatly improved. The above findings can be applied to the research on various types of target search and localization technologies in an MR environment and can provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent study of spatial information perception and cognitive induction mechanisms in an MR environment with visual–auditory coupling.
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Nuernberger M, Schaller D, Klingner C, Witte O, Brodoehl S. Acoustic Stimuli Can Improve and Impair Somatosensory Perception. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:930932. [PMID: 35812213 PMCID: PMC9259856 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.930932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of stimuli from different sensory modalities forms the basis for human perception. While the relevant impact of visual stimuli on the perception of other sensory modalities is recognized, much less is known about the impact of auditory stimuli on general sensory processing. This study aims to investigate the effect of acoustic stimuli on the processing of somatosensory stimuli using real noise (i.e., unpleasant everyday noise, RN) and neutral white noise (WN). To this purpose, we studied 20 healthy human subjects between 20 and 29 years of age (mean: 24, SD: ±1.9 years sex ratio 1:1). Somatosensory perception was evaluated using mechanical detection threshold (MDT) of the skin on the back of the dominant hand. To investigate the underlying mechanisms in the brain, fMRI was performed while applying acoustic stimulation (RN and WN) and tactile stimulation of the dominant hand. Here we show that acoustic stimulation with noise alters the perception of touch on the skin. We found that the effect of RN and WN differed. RN leads to an improved tactile perception, whereas WN impaired tactile perception. These changes go along with significant differences in brain activity and connectivity. WN is associated with a significant increase in brain activity in multiple brain areas such as the auditory and somatosensory cortex, parietal association cortex, and the thalamus compared to RN. With tactile stimulation of the skin, the flow of information in these brain areas is altered. While with RN the information flow from the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex is prominent, the network activity pattern changes under WN revealing an increase in interaction between multiple networks. Unpleasant noise inhibits the multisensory integration and enables a more efficient unimodal perception in the somatosensory system, improving perception. Whether this is to be interpreted as a temporary increase in phasic alertness or by a stronger filter function of the thalamus with a preference for unimodal stimuli is still open for debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nuernberger
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Biomagnetic Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Matthias Nuernberger,
| | - Denise Schaller
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Klingner
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Biomagnetic Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto Witte
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Brodoehl
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Biomagnetic Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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