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Bonacolta AM, Krause-Massaguer J, Smit NJ, Sikkel PC, Del Campo J. A new and widespread group of fish apicomplexan parasites. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2748-2755.e3. [PMID: 38821048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Apicomplexans are obligate intracellular parasites that have evolved from a free-living, phototrophic ancestor. They have been reported from marine environmental samples in high numbers,1 with several clades of apicomplexan-related lineages (ARLs) having been described from environmental sequencing data (16S rRNA gene metabarcoding).2 The most notable of these are the corallicolids (previously ARL-V), which possess chlorophyll-biosynthesis genes in their relic chloroplast (apicoplast) and are geographically widespread and abundant symbionts of anthozoans.3 Corallicolids are related to the Eimeriorina, a suborder of apicomplexan coccidians that include other notable members such as Toxoplasma gondii.4Ophioblennius macclurei, the redlip blenny, along with other tropical reef fishes, is known to be infected by Haemogregarina-like and Haemohormidium-like parasites5 supposedly belonging to the Adeleorina; however, phylogenetics shows that these parasites are instead related to the Eimeriorina.6,7 Hybrid genomic sequencing of apicomplexan-infected O. macclurei blood recovered the entire rRNA operon of this apicomplexan parasite along with the complete mitochondrion and apicoplast genomes. Phylogenetic analyses using this new genomic information consistently place these fish-infecting apicomplexans, hereby informally named ichthyocolids, sister to the corallicolids within Coccidia. The apicoplast genome did not contain chlorophyll biosynthesis genes, providing evidence for another independent loss of this pathway within Apicomplexa. Based on the 16S rRNA gene found in the apicoplast, this group corresponds to the previously described ARL-VI. Screening of fish microbiome studies using the plastid 16S rRNA gene shows these parasites to be geographically and taxonomically widespread in fish species across the globe with implications for commercial fisheries and oceanic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Bonacolta
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA; Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joana Krause-Massaguer
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nico J Smit
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Paul C Sikkel
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Javier Del Campo
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA; Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Na I, Campos C, Lax G, Kwong WK, Keeling PJ. Phylogenomics reveals Adeleorina are an ancient and distinct subgroup of Apicomplexa. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 195:108060. [PMID: 38485105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Apicomplexans are a diverse phylum of unicellular eukaryotes that share obligate relationships with terrestrial and aquatic animal hosts. Many well-studied apicomplexans are responsible for several deadly zoonotic and human diseases, most notably malaria caused by Plasmodium. Interest in the evolutionary origin of apicomplexans has also spurred recent work on other more deeply-branching lineages, especially gregarines and sister groups like squirmids and chrompodellids. But a full picture of apicomplexan evolution is still lacking several lineages, and one major, diverse lineage that is notably absent is the adeleorinids. Adeleorina apicomplexans comprises hundreds of described species that infect invertebrate and vertebrate hosts across the globe. Although historically considered coccidians, phylogenetic trees based on limited data have shown conflicting branch positions for this subgroup, leaving this question unresolved. Phylogenomic trees and large-scale analyses comparing cellular functions and metabolism between major subgroups of apicomplexans have not incorporated Adeleorina because only a handful of molecular markers and a couple organellar genomes are available, ultimately excluding this group from contributing to our understanding of apicomplexan evolution and biology. To address this gap, we have generated complete genomes from mitochondria and plastids, as well as multiple deep-coverage single-cell transcriptomes of nuclear genes from two Adeleorina species, Klossia helicina and Legerella nova, and inferred a 206-protein phylogenomic tree of Apicomplexa. We observed distinct structures reported in species descriptions as remnant host structures surrounding adeleorinid oocysts. Klossia helicina and L. nova branched, as expected, with monoxenous adeleorinids within the Adeleorina and their mitochondrial and plastid genomes exhibited similarity to published organellar adeleorinid genomes. We show with a phylogeneomic tree and subsequent phylogenomic analyses that Adeleorina are not closely related to any of the currently sampled apicomplexan subgroups, and instead fall as a sister to a large clade encompassing Coccidia, Protococcidia, Hematozoa, and Nephromycida, collectively. This resolves Adeleorina as a key independently-branching group, separate from coccidians, on the tree of Apicomplexa, which now has all known major lineages sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Na
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Claudia Campos
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gordon Lax
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Waldan K Kwong
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patrick J Keeling
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Jowers MJ, Xavier R, Lasso-Alcalá OM, Quintero-T E, Nunes JLS, Giarrizzo T, Machado FS, Gómez J, Cabezas MP. First Molecular Identification of a Goussia Parasite from a New World Invasive Blenny. Acta Parasitol 2023:10.1007/s11686-023-00675-0. [PMID: 37103766 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Introduced or invasive fish are susceptible to new parasites but can simultaneously carry infectious parasites from their native range towards new hosts. Screening these parasites is key to address the health of fish populations and spread of diseases. METHODS In this study, we sequenced a Coccidia parasite, for the first time from the blenny Omobranchus sewalli, introduced in the northern coast of Brazil with an Indo-Pacific origin. RESULTS Only one individual was infected, its genetic sequence matched (over 99%) with two lineages of undetermined species, belonging to the genus Goussia, sequenced from three marine fish species (Mulloidichthys flavolineatus, Lutjanus kasmira, and Selar crumenophthalmus) in Hawaii. CONCLUSIONS Phylogenetic analysis suggests considerable differentiation between the Goussia detected and other Goussia spp. sequenced from North Atlantic marine fish, thus we cannot exclude the possibly that this parasite was carried by O. sewalli from its native Indo-Pacific range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Jowers
- CIBIO/InBIO (Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos), Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario De Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Raquel Xavier
- CIBIO/InBIO (Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos), Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario De Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Oscar M Lasso-Alcalá
- Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Elena Quintero-T
- Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jorge L S Nunes
- Laboratório de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia (NEAP), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fabiola S Machado
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia (NEAP), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jesús Gómez
- Universidad Metropolitana, Caracas, 1073, Venezuela
| | - M Pilar Cabezas
- Department of Biogeographical Ecology and Evolution, Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Turiel-Silva M, Wendt C, Silva EO, Rodrigues APD, de Souza W, Miranda K, Diniz J. Three-dimensional Architecture of Cyrilia lignieresi Gametocyte-stage Development Inside Red Blood Cells. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12894. [PMID: 35152525 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Haemogregarinidae family (Apicomplexa: Adeleina) comprises hemoprotozoa that infect mammals, birds, amphibians, fish and reptiles. Some morphological characteristics of the Cyrilia lignieresi have been described previously, but the parasite-erythrocyte relationship is still poorly understood. In order to understand the structural architecture of Cyrilia lignieresi-infected red blood cells, electron microscopy-based three-dimensional reconstruction was carried out using TEM as well as FIB-SEM tomography. Results showed that development of the macrogametocyte-stage inside the red blood cell is related to an increase in cleft-like structures in the host cell cytoplasm. Furthermore, other aspects related to parasite intraerythrocytic development were explored by 3D visualization techniques. We observed the invagination of a large extension of the Inner Membrane Complex on the parasite body, which results from or induces a folding of the posterior end of the parasite. Small tubular structures were seen associated with areas related to Inner Membrane Complex folding. Taken together, results provide new information on the remodeling of erythrocytes induced by the protozoan C. lignieresi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Turiel-Silva
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Centro de Ciëncias Biológicas e da Saúde, Marabá-PA, Brazil.,Instituto Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Belém-PA, Brazil
| | - Camila Wendt
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Edilene O Silva
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Belém-PA, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Drummond Rodrigues
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Belém-PA, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Kildare Miranda
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - José Diniz
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Belém-PA, Brazil
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Kwong WK, Irwin NAT, Mathur V, Na I, Okamoto N, Vermeij MJA, Keeling PJ. Taxonomy of the Apicomplexan Symbionts of Coral, including Corallicolida ord. nov., Reassignment of the Genus Gemmocystis, and Description of New Species Corallicola aquarius gen. nov. sp. nov. and Anthozoaphila gnarlus gen. nov. sp. nov. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2021; 68:e12852. [PMID: 33768669 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Corals (Metazoa; Cnidaria; Anthozoa) have recently been shown to play host to a widespread and diverse group of intracellular symbionts of the phylum Apicomplexa. These symbionts, colloquially called "corallicolids", are mostly known through molecular analyses, and no formal taxonomy has been proposed. Another apicomplexan, Gemmocystis cylindrus (described from the coral Dendrogyra cylindrus), may be related to corallicolids, but lacks molecular data. Here, we isolate and describe motile trophozoite (feeding) corallicolids cells using microscopic (light, SEM, and TEM) and molecular phylogenetic analysis to provide the basis for a formal description. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear and plastid rRNA operons, and three mitochondrial protein sequences derived from single cell transcriptomes, all confirm that these organisms fall into a discrete deep-branching clade within the Apicomplexa not closely related to any known species or major subgroup. As a result, we assign this clade to a new order, Corallicolida ord. nov., and family, Corallicolidae fam. nov. We describe a type species, Corallicola aquarius gen. nov. sp. nov. from its Rhodactis sp. host, and also describe a second species, Anthozoaphila gnarlus gen. nov. sp. nov., from the coral host Madracis mirabilis. Finally, we propose reassigning the incertae sedis taxon G. cylindrus from the order Agamococcidiorida to the Corallicolida, based on similarities in morphology and host localization to that of the corallicolids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldan K Kwong
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nicholas A T Irwin
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Varsha Mathur
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ina Na
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Noriko Okamoto
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mark J A Vermeij
- Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 700, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- CARMABI Foundation, PO Box 2090, Piscaderabaai z/n, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Patrick J Keeling
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Haemogregarines and Criteria for Identification. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010170. [PMID: 33445814 PMCID: PMC7828249 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Taxonomic classification of haemogregarines belonging to Apicomplexa can become difficult when the information about the life cycle stages is not available. Using a self-reporting, we record different haemogregarine species infecting various animal categories and exploring the most systematic features for each life cycle stage. The keystone in the classification of any species of haemogregarines is related to the sporogonic cycle more than other stages of schizogony and gamogony. Molecular approaches are excellent tools that enabled the identification of apicomplexan parasites by clarifying their evolutionary relationships. Abstract Apicomplexa is a phylum that includes all parasitic protozoa sharing unique ultrastructural features. Haemogregarines are sophisticated apicomplexan blood parasites with an obligatory heteroxenous life cycle and haplohomophasic alternation of generations. Haemogregarines are common blood parasites of fish, amphibians, lizards, snakes, turtles, tortoises, crocodilians, birds, and mammals. Haemogregarine ultrastructure has been so far examined only for stages from the vertebrate host. PCR-based assays and the sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene are helpful methods to further characterize this parasite group. The proper classification for the haemogregarine complex is available with the criteria of generic and unique diagnosis of these parasites.
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Esteves-Silva PH, da Silva MRL, O'Dwyer LH, Tavares-Dias M, Viana LA. Haemogregarina daviesensis sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Haemogregarinidae) from South American lungfish Lepidosiren paradoxa (Sarcopterygii: Lepidosirenidae) in the eastern Amazon region. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2773-2779. [PMID: 31456045 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Based on morphology and morphometry of gametocytes in blood and molecular phylogenetic analysis, we described a new species of hemoparasite from the genus Haemogregarina isolated from Lepidosiren paradoxa in the eastern Amazon region. Haemogregarina daviesensis sp. nov. is characterized by monomorphic gametocytes of varying maturity stage and their dimensions were 16 ± 0.12 μm (range 13-18) in length and 6 ± 0.97 μm (range 5-8) in width. The morphological and morphometric data were not identical with other haemogregarine species from fish. All specimens of L. paradoxa analyzed were infected by H. daviesensis sp. nov. and the parasitemia level was moderate (1-28/2000 blood erythrocytes). Two sequences were obtained from L. paradoxa, and these constituted a monophyletic sister clade to the Haemogregarina species. In addition, H. daviesensis sp. nov. detected here grouped with Haemogregarina sp. sequences isolated from chelonian Macrochelys temminckii, with 99% bootstrap support. This study provides the first data on the molecular phylogeny of an intraerythrocytic haemogregarine of freshwater fish and highlights the importance of obtaining additional information on aspects of the general biology of these hemoparasites in fish populations, in order to achieve correct taxonomic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Hugo Esteves-Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá. Rodovia Juscelino Kubitscheck, KM 02, S/N, Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, Amapá, 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Lucas da Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena O'Dwyer
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos Tavares-Dias
- Embrapa Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitscheck, Km 5, 2600, Universidade, Macapá, Amapá, 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Lúcio André Viana
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá. Rodovia Juscelino Kubitscheck, KM 02, S/N, Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, Amapá, 68903-419, Brazil.
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