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Varella K, Andrade-Silva BED, Costa-Neto SFD, Oliveira Cruz BAD, Maldonado Junior A, Gentile R. Helminth community of Nectomys squamipes naturally infected by Schistosoma mansoni in an endemic area in Brazil: A comparison of 22 years apart. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 24:100941. [PMID: 38807751 PMCID: PMC11131069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The municipality of Sumidouro in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, is considered an area with low endemicity of Schistosoma mansoni. In this municipality, the wild water rat Nectomys squamipes is a wild reservoir of S. mansoni. A helminth community survey was carried out on N. squamipes populations in Sumidouro from 1997 to 1999. In the present study, we compared the helminth fauna and the helminth community structure of N. squamipes with a recent survey after a 22-year time interval, considering that the prevalence of S. mansoni infection in humans remained stable and that the area showed the same environmental characteristics. Seventy-three host specimens of N. squamipes collected between 1997 and 1999 and 21 specimens collected in 2021 were analyzed in this study. Seven helminth species were found in each collection period. The nematode Syphacia evaginata was recorded for the first time in N. squamipes in 2021. Syphacia venteli was the most abundant species in both periods and the most prevalent in 2021. During the period from 1997 to 1999, the most prevalent species was Hassalstrongylus epsilon. Significant differences in prevalence and abundance in relation to host sex were observed only for S. mansoni in 1997-1999. Significant differences in the abundance of the helminth species over time were observed only in Physaloptera bispiculata. Hassalstrongylus epsilon, S. venteli and S. mansoni were the dominant species in both periods. Litomosoides chagasfilhoi, Echinostoma paraensei paraensei and P. bispiculata became dominant, codominant and subordinate, respectively, over time. In conclusion, the helminth community of N. squamipes remained stable, with similar species richness, prevalence and abundance values and low beta-diversity over time. The occurrence of S. mansoni in the water rat has remained stable for decades, highlighting its importance for schistosomiasis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Varella
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Elise de Andrade-Silva
- Pós-Doutorado Nota 10 – 2021, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Brena Aparecida de Oliveira Cruz
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Maldonado Junior
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosana Gentile
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Torralba CAV, Gamalinda EF, Estaño LA. Parasitic helminths of alien invasive anurans in Butuan City, Northeastern Mindanao, Philippines. Helminthologia 2023; 60:385-392. [PMID: 38222484 PMCID: PMC10787635 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the helminth parasites of invasive anuran species in selected barangays in Butuan City, Philippines. In urbanized areas, invasive species dominate anuran diversity, and one of the primary threats they pose to native wildlife is the transmission of diseases and parasites. Out of the 91 collected individuals of invasive anuran species, Rhinella marina was the most abundant (88 %), followed by Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (12 %) and Kaloula pulchra (3 %). The study identified five species of parasites, with Spirometra sp. being the most prevalent (17.58 %), followed by Echinostoma sp. (16.5 %), Rhabdias bufonis (14.3 %), Cosmocerca sp. (6.6 %), and Strongyloides stercoralis (3.30 %), respectively. Spirometra sp. also had the highest intensity (7.67), followed by Cosmocerca sp. (5), Strongyloides stercoralis (3.33), Rhabdias bufonis (3.30), and Echinostoma sp. (2.73). This parasitological survey revealed that H. rugulosus had the highest prevalence and infection of parasites, and residential areas had the highest parasite prevalence among the habitat types. Adult hosts were found to harbor a higher prevalence and intensity, and male hosts had a higher prevalence. The results highlight the high risk of parasite transmission from anurans to other animals and emphasize the need for the community to control the population of invasive anuran species for the safety of native anurans and to prevent zoonotic transmission to other animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- CA. V. Torralba
- Department of Biology, College of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Caraga State University, Ampayon, Butuan City, Agusan del Norte, Philippines, 8600
| | - E. F. Gamalinda
- Department of Biology, College of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Caraga State University, Ampayon, Butuan City, Agusan del Norte, Philippines, 8600
| | - L. A. Estaño
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Lanao del Norte, Philippines, 9200
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Rocha JM, de Oliveira PB, da Costa-Neto SF, Ogrzewalska MH, Martins TF, Faccini JLH, Alvarez MRDV, Luz HR, Albuquerque GR. Molecular Detection of Rickettsia parkeri Strain Atlantic Rainforest in Ticks Parasitizing Small Mammals in Northeastern Brazil. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1657-1666. [PMID: 36125653 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small mammals are important reservoirs of ticks and their pathogens in nature. However, studies reporting these associations are still rare in Brazil. In the present study, we investigated the presence of Rickettsia DNA in ticks parasitizing rodents and marsupials captured in different areas throughout the Atlantic rainforest biome, Bahia, Northeastern (NE), Brazil. METHODS The study was conducted in five municipalities within of the Atlantic Forest biome, Bahia state, in NE Brazil. Two campaigns were done in each municipality. For host captures Sherman and Tomahawk traps were used, and pitfall traps. After being captured, the hosts were anesthetized and their entire body examined for ticks. When ticks were detected, they were manually removed and stored in eppendorf tubes (1.5 ml) containing absolute PA ethanol for future laboratory analysis (identification of ticks and detection of Rickettsia spp.). RESULTS A total of 609 mammals were captured. Overall, 208 ticks of the genus Amblyomma and Ixodes were collected: A. ovale, I. loricatus and A. varium. Rickettsia DNA was detected in A. ovale and it was 99-100% of identity to the sequence deposited in GenBank as Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantica rainforest. CONCLUSION These results suggest that R. parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest occurs in the region, and A. ovale is likely the vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane M Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science. State University of Santa Cruz, UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Philipe B de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago F Martins
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João L H Faccini
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Martin R D V Alvarez
- Department of Biological Sciences (DCB), Mammal Collection (CMARF), State University of Santa Curz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hermes R Luz
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, and Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - George R Albuquerque
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science. State University of Santa Cruz, UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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Costa NA, Cardoso TDS, Costa-Neto SFD, Alvarez MR, Maldonado Junior A, Gentile R. Helminths of sigmodontine rodents in an agroforestry mosaic in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Patterns and processes of the metacommunity structure. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 18:82-91. [PMID: 35519506 PMCID: PMC9062209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lucio CDS, Gentile R, Cardoso TDS, de Oliveira Santos F, Teixeira BR, Maldonado Júnior A, D'Andrea PS. Composition and structure of the helminth community of rodents in matrix habitat areas of the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2021; 15:278-289. [PMID: 34336593 PMCID: PMC8318825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The predominant landscape of the Atlantic Forest of the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro is made up of forest fragments surrounded by a matrix of modified habitat, which may influence the occurrence and distribution of host species and their parasites in comparison with the original continuous forest. The present study describes the structure, composition, and diversity of the helminth community found in rodents in two areas of an open matrix of different status of conservation. The abundance, intensity, and prevalence were calculated for each helminth species in rodent species. The influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the abundance and prevalence of the helminth species was also investigated. Community structure was analyzed based on the beta diversity and a bipartite network. Nine helminth species were recovered from Akodon cursor, Necromys lasiurus and Mus musculus, with the greatest helminth species richness being recorded in A. cursor (S = 8), followed by N. lasiurus (S = 6), and M. musculus (S = 3). Only three of the helminths recorded in A. cursor had been recorded previously in this rodent in the Atlantic Forest, where 12 different helminths have been recorded, so that the other five are new occurrences for this rodent. All the helminth species of N. lasiurus had been reported previously in this rodent in the Cerrado and Caatinga regions. Mus musculus was infected with the same helminths as the local fauna. Host species and locality were the most important factors influencing helminth abundance and prevalence. Beta-diversity was high for infracommunities indicating more substitutions of helminth species than losses among individuals. Three helminths species were shared by the three host species. The reduced beta-diversity observed in the component communities was consistent with the overlap observed in the helminth fauna of the host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila dos Santos Lucio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde / IOC/Fiocruz-RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios- IOC/Fiocruz-RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosana Gentile
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios- IOC/Fiocruz-RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago dos Santos Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde / IOC/Fiocruz-RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios- IOC/Fiocruz-RJ, Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Programa Fiocruz de Fomento à Inovação - INOVA FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Oliveira Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde / IOC/Fiocruz-RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios- IOC/Fiocruz-RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Arnaldo Maldonado Júnior
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios- IOC/Fiocruz-RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio D'Andrea
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios- IOC/Fiocruz-RJ, Brazil
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Costa NA, Gentile R, Kersul MG, Alvarez MRDV, Maldonado Junior A. New species of Hassalstrongylus (Trichostrongyloidea: Heligmonellidae) in the large-headed rice rat Hylaeamys seuanezi, in the Atlantic Forest of northeast Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2021; 30:e000521. [PMID: 34076045 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new species of Trichostrongyloidea (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae), Hassalstrongylus lauroi n. sp., is described from specimens collected from the small intestine of the rodent Hylaeamys seuanezi in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil (Igrapiúna, state of Bahia). The genus Hassalstrongylus includes 17 species, which parasitize rodents occurring in the Neotropical and Nearctic regions. It differs from the genus Stilestrongylus through its smaller number of ridges in the synlophe and through the size of the genital cone. The main taxonomic characteristics of this new species are the subsymmetrical caudal bursa of type 2-2-1, ray 8 branching out at the base of the dorsal trunk, right lobe smaller than the left, and rays 4 and 5 of robust nature. In addition, the ornamental ray 5 and the robustness of ray 4 on the male caudal bursa, along with the modification of the ridges of the posterior end of the female, allow us to consider the specimens found to be a new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Alves Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rosana Gentile
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maíra Guimarães Kersul
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - Martin Roberto Del Valle Alvarez
- Coleção de Mamíferos "Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira" - CMARF, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - Arnaldo Maldonado Junior
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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