Distribution, prevalence and intensity of moose nose bot fly (Cephenemyia ulrichii) larvae in moose (Alces alces) from Norway

Botfly Cephenemyia ulrichii larvae in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx of a dog with respiratory signs

A Finnish Lapphund dog with acute upper respiratory signs and gagging was presented at veterinary clinic. During rhinoscopy, ten 1- to 2-mm long, actively moving larvae were found in the dog's nasal cavity and nasopharynx and identified as Cephenemyia ulrichii (Diptera: Oestridae). This moose (Alces alces) parasite is widespread in Finland but has not been reported before from an accidental canine host. Clinical signs resolved with imidacloprid/moxidectin spot-on formulation.

An Update on Cephenemyiosis in the European Roe Deer: Emergent Myiasis in Spain

Cephenemyia stimulator is a Palearctic species developing in the nasal cavity and pharynx of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). It is widely spread in the range of distribution of this ungulate in Europe. Since the first report of C. stimulator in Spain in 2001, a rapid geographic expansion has been observed, first in the north of the country, with high prevalence and intensities of infestation that caused some mortal cases, and, lately, also in Extremadura and Andalucía, the southernmost populations of European roe deer. These observations suggest an adaptation of this parasite to different ecosystems of the Iberian Peninsula. Almost simultaneously, C. stimulator is also expanding its range to northern Europe, with the first cases being reported in Sweden. Thus, Cephenemyia stimulator may be an example of a parasite currently displaying distributional changes along its southernmost and northernmost range margins. Thus, it is of the utmost importance to unravel all the epidemiological and clinical aspects of this myiasis, as well as implementing surveillance measures including reliable and non-invasive diagnostic techniques to monitor its expansion and adaptation to different ecosystems and/or hosts and to reduce the negative impact on roe deer populations.