1
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Zhozhikashvili N, Protopova M, Shkurenko T, Arsalidou M, Zakharov I, Kotchoubey B, Malykh S, Pavlov YG. Working memory processes and intrinsic motivation: An EEG study. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 201:112355. [PMID: 38718899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Processes typically encompassed by working memory (WM) include encoding, retention, and retrieval of information. Previous research has demonstrated that motivation can influence WM performance, although the specific WM processes affected by motivation are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of motivation on different WM processes, examining how task difficulty modulates these effects. We hypothesized that motivation level and personality traits of the participants (N = 48, 32 females; mean age = 21) would modulate the parietal alpha and frontal theta electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of WM encoding, retention, and retrieval phases of the Sternberg task. This effect was expected to be more pronounced under conditions of very high task difficulty. We found that increasing difficulty led to reduced accuracy and increased response time, but no significant relationship was found between motivation and accuracy. However, EEG data revealed that motivation influenced WM processes, as indicated by changes in alpha and theta oscillations. Specifically, higher levels of the Resilience trait-associated with mental toughness, hardiness, self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and low anxiety-were related to increased alpha desynchronization during encoding and retrieval. Increased scores of Subjective Motivation to perform well in the task were related to enhanced frontal midline theta during retention. Additionally, these effects were significantly stronger under conditions of high difficulty. These findings provide insights into the specific WM processes that are influenced by motivation, and underscore the importance of considering both task difficulty and intrinsic motivation in WM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zhozhikashvili
- Faculty of Social Sciences, HSE University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Maria Protopova
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Ilya Zakharov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Boris Kotchoubey
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Malykh
- Developmental Behavioral Genetics Lab, Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri G Pavlov
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Tozzi A, Peters JF. Towards a single parameter for the assessment of EEG oscillations. Cogn Neurodyn 2024; 18:1209-1214. [PMID: 38826666 PMCID: PMC11143143 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-09978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The single macroscopic flow on the boundary of a closed curve equals the sum of the countless microscopic flows in the enclosed area. According to the dictates of the Green's theorem, the counterclockwise movements on the border of a two-dimensional shape must equal all the counterclockwise movements taking place inside the shape. This mathematical approach might be useful to analyse neuroscientific data sets for its potential capability to describe the whole cortical activity in terms of electric flows occurring in peripheral brain areas. Given a map of raw EEG data to coloured ovals in which different colours stand for different amplitudes, the theorem suggests that the sum of the electric amplitudes measured inside every oval equals the amplitudes measured just on the oval's edge. This means that the collection of the vector fields detected from the scalp can be described by a novel, single parameter summarizing the counterclockwise electric flow detected in the outer electrodes. To evaluate the predictive power of this parameter, in a pilot study we investigated EEG traces from ten young females performing Raven's intelligence tests of various complexity, from easy tasks (n = 5) to increasingly complex tasks (n = 5). Despite the seemingly unpredictable behavior of EEG electric amplitudes, the novel parameter proved to be a valuable tool to to discriminate between the two groups and detect hidden, statistically significant differences. We conclude that the application of this promising parameter could be expanded to assess also data sets extracted from neurotechniques other than EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Tozzi
- Center for Nonlinear Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #311427, Denton, TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - James F. Peters
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, 75A Chancellor’s Circle, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6 Canada
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3
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Li P, Yokoyama M, Okamoto D, Nakatani H, Yagi T. Depressive states in healthy subjects lead to biased processing in frontal-parietal ERPs during emotional stimuli. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17175. [PMID: 37821575 PMCID: PMC10567753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Subthreshold depressive (sD) states and major depression are considered to occur on a continuum, and there are only quantitative and not qualitative differences between depressive states in healthy individuals and patients with depression. sD is showing a progressively increasing prevalence and has a lifelong impact, and the social and clinical impacts of sD are no less than those of major depressive disorder (MDD). Because depression leads to biased cognition, patients with depression and healthy individuals show different visual processing properties. However, it remains unclear whether there are significant differences in visual information recognition among healthy individuals with various depressive states. In this study, we investigated the event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related spectrum perturbation (ERSP) of healthy individuals with various depressive states during the perception of emotional visual stimulation. We show that different neural activities can be detected even among healthy individuals. We divided healthy participants into high, middle, and low depressive state groups and found that participants in a high depressive state had a lower P300 amplitude and significant differences in fast and slow neural responses in the frontal and parietal lobes. We anticipate our study to provide useful parameters for assessing the evaluation of depressive states in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Mio Yokoyama
- School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Daiki Okamoto
- School of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Tokai University, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakatani
- School of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Tokai University, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tohru Yagi
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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4
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Paoletti P, Pellegrino M, Ben-Soussan TD. A Three-Fold Integrated Perspective on Healthy Development: An Opinion Paper. Brain Sci 2023; 13:857. [PMID: 37371337 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health and wellbeing are increasingly threatened in the current post-pandemic times, with stress, especially in students, reaching preoccupying levels. In addition, while many educational programs are unidimensional (i.e., lacking integration between physical, emotional and cognitive elements), there are ways to promote physical, social and mental health in children and adolescents. In this opinion paper, we will discuss the importance of an integrative approach for health development and examine relevant factors, such as awareness and emotional intelligence. We will highlight evidence ranging from behavioral to electrophysiological, structural and molecular, and report several recent studies supporting the effectiveness of a holistic approach in supporting wellbeing and creativity in children and adults, and detailing a specific paradigm named the Quadrato Motor Training (QMT). QMT is a specifically structured movement meditation, involving cognitive, motor and affective components. Finally, we will support a holistic view on education, integrating motion, emotion and cognition to develop a person-centered, or in this case student-centered, approach to wellbeing and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Paoletti
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
| | - Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
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5
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Singhal S, Ghosh P, Kumar N, Banerjee A. Parametric separation of phase-locked and non-phase-locked activity. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:199-210. [PMID: 36541609 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00467.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain dynamics recorded via electroencephalography (EEG) is conceptualized as a sum of two components: "phase-locked" and "non-phase-locked" to the stimulus. Phase-locked activity is often implicitly studied as event-related potentials (ERPs), and the trial-averaged estimates-evoked potentials (EP) considered both time-locked and phase-locked to the stimulus. The non-phase-locked activity, on the other hand, refers to an increase in power in a narrow band or broadband frequencies in the signal emerging at variable phases from stimulus initiation. Both components are understood to stem from different neuronal mechanisms; hence, accurately characterizing them is of immense importance to neuroscientific studies. Here, we discuss the drawbacks of currently used methods to separate the phase-locked and non-phase-locked activity and propose a novel concurrent phaser method (CPM) that simultaneously decomposes the two components. First, we establish that the single-trial separation of phase-locked and non-phase-locked power is an ill-posed problem. Second, using simulations where ground truth validation is possible, we elucidate how the estimation of non-phase-locked power gets biased by phase-locked power in the state-of-the-art averaging method and ways to resolve the issue using CPM. Next, we use two experimental EEG datasets-audio oddball and auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) to show that empirical signal-to-noise estimates warrant the usage of CPM to separate phase-locked and non-phase-locked activity. Thus, using ground truth validation from simulations and demonstration in real experimental scenarios, the efficacy of the proposed CPM is established.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Parametric models for estimation of phase-locked and non-phase-locked brain signals reveals how estimation of non-phase-locked component is biased by the variability of phase-locked component and at the level of single trial becomes an ill-posed problem. Furthermore, the modeling framework delimits the boundaries where traditional averaging approach can be trusted to estimate the phase-locked and non-phase-locked components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Singhal
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, India
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, India
| | - Arpan Banerjee
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, India
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6
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Mathematical Modeling of Brain Activity under Specific Auditory Stimulation. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6676681. [PMID: 33976707 PMCID: PMC8084686 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6676681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the connection between different stimuli and the brain response represents a complex research area. However, the use of mathematical models for this purpose is relatively unexplored. The present study investigates the effects of three different auditory stimuli on cerebral biopotentials by means of mathematical functions. The effects of acoustic stimuli (S1, S2, and S3) on cerebral activity were evaluated by electroencephalographic (EEG) recording on 21 subjects for 20 minutes of stimulation, with a 5-minute period of silence before and after stimulation. For the construction of the mathematical models used for the study of the EEG rhythms, we used the Box-Jenkins methodology. Characteristic mathematical models were obtained for the main frequency bands and were expressed by 2 constant functions, 8 first-degree functions, a second-degree function, a fourth-degree function, 6 recursive functions, and 4 periodic functions. The values obtained for the variance estimator are low, demonstrating that the obtained models are correct. The resulting mathematical models allow us to objectively compare the EEG response to the three stimuli, both between the stimuli itself and between each stimulus and the period before stimulation.
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7
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Jiang L, Qiao K, Li C. Distance-based functional criticality in the human brain: intelligence and emotional intelligence. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:32. [PMID: 33499802 PMCID: PMC7836498 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-03973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anatomical distance has been identified as a key factor in the organizational principles of the human brain. On the other hand, criticality was proposed to accommodate the multiscale properties of human brain dynamics, and functional criticality based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rfMRI) is a sensitive neuroimaging marker for human brain dynamics. Hence, to explore the effects of anatomical distance of the human brain on behaviors in terms of functional criticality, we proposed a revised algorithm of functional criticality called the distance-based vertex-wise index of functional criticality, and assessed this algorithm compared with the original neighborhood-based functional criticality. Results We recruited two groups of healthy participants, including young adults and middle-aged participants, for a total of 60 datasets including rfMRI and intelligence as well as emotional intelligence to study how human brain functional criticalities at different spatial scales contribute to individual behaviors. Furthermore, we defined the average distance between the particular behavioral map and vertices with significant functional connectivity as connectivity distance. Our results demonstrated that intelligence and emotional intelligence mapped to different brain regions at different ages. Additionally, intelligence was related to a wider distance range compared to emotional intelligence. Conclusions For different age groups, our findings not only provided a linkage between intelligence/emotional intelligence and functional criticality but also quantitatively characterized individual behaviors in terms of anatomical distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China. .,Lifespan Connectomics and Behavior Team, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Kaini Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Lifespan Connectomics and Behavior Team, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Lifespan Connectomics and Behavior Team, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan, Beijing, China
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8
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Ciorciari J, Gountas J, Johnston P, Crewther D, Hughes M. A Neuroimaging Study of Personality Traits and Self-Reflection. Behav Sci (Basel) 2019; 9:bs9110112. [PMID: 31694206 PMCID: PMC6912258 DOI: 10.3390/bs9110112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation of the brain associated with the four distinctive thinking styles associated with the four personality orientations of the Gountas Personality Orientations (GPO) survey: Emotion/Feeling-Action, Material/Pragmatic, Intuitive/Imaginative, and Thinking/Logical. The theoretical postulation is that each of the four personality orientations has a dominant (primary) thinking style and a shadow (secondary) thinking style/trait. The participants (N = 40) were initially surveyed to determine their dominant (primary) and secondary thinking styles. Based on participant responses, equal numbers of each dominant thinking style were selected for neuroimaging using a unique fMRI cognitive activation paradigm. The neuroimaging data support the general theoretical hypothesis of the existence of four different BOLD activation patterns, associated with each of the four thinking styles. The fMRI data analysis suggests that each thinking style may have its own cognitive activation system, involving the frontal ventromedial, posterior medial, parietal, motor, and orbitofrontal cortex. The data also suggest that there is a left hemisphere relationship for the Material/Pragmatic and Thinking/Logical styles and a right activation relationship for Emotional/Feeling and Intuitive/Imaginative styles. Additionally, the unique self-reflection paradigm demonstrated that perception of self or self-image, may be influenced by personality type; a finding of potentially far-reaching implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ciorciari
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - John Gountas
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Adjunct, Swinburne University of Technology and Department of Marketing, Adjunct University of Notre Dame Western Australia, Fremantle 6959, Australia;
| | - Patrick Johnston
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia;
| | - David Crewther
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia;
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia;
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9
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An EEG Study on Emotional Intelligence and Advertising Message Effectiveness. Behav Sci (Basel) 2019; 9:bs9080088. [PMID: 31443219 PMCID: PMC6721432 DOI: 10.3390/bs9080088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some electroencephalography (EEG) studies have investigated emotional intelligence (EI), but none have examined the relationships between EI and commercial advertising messages and related consumer behaviors. This study combines brain (EEG) techniques with an EI psychometric to explore the brain responses associated with a range of advertisements. A group of 45 participants (23 females, 22 males) had their EEG recorded while watching a series of advertisements selected from various marketing categories such as community interests, celebrities, food/drink, and social issues. Participants were also categorized as high or low in emotional intelligence (n = 34). The EEG data analysis was centered on rating decision-making in order to measure brain responses associated with advertising information processing for both groups. The findings suggest that participants with high and low emotional intelligence (EI) were attentive to different types of advertising messages. The two EI groups demonstrated preferences for “people” or “object,” related advertising information. This suggests that differences in consumer perception and emotions may suggest why certain advertising material or marketing strategies are effective or not.
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10
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Kosonogov V, Vorobyeva E, Kovsh E, Ermakov P. A review of neurophysiological and genetic correlates of emotional intelligence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND EDUCATION 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/ijcrsee1901137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The article is an overview of modern studies of brain organization and genetic correlates of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is becoming the subject of more and more attentive study of psychologists due to the fact that it influences the mental development of humans, plays an important role in many professions, and its impairment is a marker of some disorders. Nevertheless, the brain organization and genetic correlates of emotional intelligence have not been studied enough – first studies appeared only in the early 2000s. A review of the literature on the enceph-alographic showed that in rest, people with higher emotional intelligence show greater excitation of the left anterior regions of the brain. When per-ceiving affective stimuli, participants with high emotional intelligence show stronger synchronization of some EEG rhythms. Brain mapping technique made it possible to identify the areas of the brain involved in activities related to emotional intelligence. In regard to genetic correlates of emotional intelligence, some genes of neurotransmitter systems have been associated to this trait: the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene COMT, the dopamine DRD2 receptor gene, the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A, and the BDNF brain neurotrophic factor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Vorobyeva
- Don State Technical University, Southern Federal University, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Kovsh
- Southern Federal University, Don State Technical University, Russian Federation
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11
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Tsabedze WF, Maepa MP, Pila–Nemutandani RG. Emotional intelligence and aggression among South African adolescents: Preliminary evidence. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2018.1475458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wandile F. Tsabedze
- Department of Psychology, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa
| | - Mokoena P. Maepa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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12
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Wang Y, Gu C, Lu J. Effects of Creative Personality on
EEG
Alpha Oscillation: Based on the Social and General Creativity Comparative Study. JOURNAL OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jocb.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Dan A, Reiner M. EEG-based cognitive load of processing events in 3D virtual worlds is lower than processing events in 2D displays. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 122:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Kober SE, Witte M, Neuper C, Wood G. Specific or nonspecific? Evaluation of band, baseline, and cognitive specificity of sensorimotor rhythm- and gamma-based neurofeedback. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 120:1-13. [PMID: 28652143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NF) is often criticized because of the lack of empirical evidence of its specificity. Our present study thus focused on the specificity of NF on three levels: band specificity, cognitive specificity, and baseline specificity. Ten healthy middle-aged individuals performed ten sessions of SMR (sensorimotor rhythm, 12-15Hz) NF training. A second group (N=10) received feedback of a narrow gamma band (40-43Hz). Effects of NF on EEG resting measurements (tonic EEG) and cognitive functions (memory, intelligence) were evaluated using a pre-post design. Both training groups were able to linearly increase the target training frequencies (either SMR or gamma), indicating the trainability of these EEG frequencies. Both NF training protocols led to nonspecific changes in other frequency bands during NF training. While SMR NF only led to concomitant changes in slower frequencies, gamma training affected nearly the whole power spectrum. SMR NF specifically improved memory functions. Gamma training showed only marginal effects on cognitive functions. SMR power assessed during resting measurements significantly increased after SMR NF training compared to a pre-assessment, indicating specific effects of SMR NF on baseline/tonic EEG. The gamma group did not show any pre-post changes in their EEG resting activity. In conclusion, SMR NF specifically affects cognitive functions (cognitive specificity) and tonic EEG (baseline specificity), while increasing SMR during NF training nonspecifically affects slower EEG frequencies as well (band non-specificity). Gamma NF was associated with nonspecific effects on the EEG power spectrum during training, which did not lead to considerable changes in cognitive functions or baseline EEG activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Erika Kober
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Christa Neuper
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Austria; Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Austria.
| | - Guilherme Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Austria.
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15
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Yao X, Yuan S, Yang W, Chen Q, Wei D, Hou Y, Zhang L, Qiu J, Yang D. Emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between regional gray matter volume in the bilateral temporal pole and critical thinking disposition. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:488-498. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Yao
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shuge Yuan
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Department of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Department of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Department of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuling Hou
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Department of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, TianSheng Road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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16
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Lee JY, Lindquist KA, Nam CS. Emotional Granularity Effects on Event-Related Brain Potentials during Affective Picture Processing. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:133. [PMID: 28392761 PMCID: PMC5364149 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is debate about whether emotional granularity, the tendency to label emotions in a nuanced and specific manner, is merely a product of labeling abilities, or a systematic difference in the experience of emotion during emotionally evocative events. According to the Conceptual Act Theory of Emotion (CAT) (Barrett, 2006), emotional granularity is due to the latter and is a product of on-going temporal differences in how individuals categorize and thus make meaning of their affective states. To address this question, the present study investigated the effects of individual differences in emotional granularity on electroencephalography-based brain activity during the experience of emotion in response to affective images. Event-related potentials (ERP) and event-related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD/ERS) analysis techniques were used. We found that ERP responses during the very early (60-90 ms), middle (270-300 ms), and later (540-570 ms) moments of stimulus presentation were associated with individuals' level of granularity. We also observed that highly granular individuals, compared to lowly granular individuals, exhibited relatively stable desynchronization of alpha power (8-12 Hz) and synchronization of gamma power (30-50 Hz) during the 3 s of stimulus presentation. Overall, our results suggest that emotional granularity is related to differences in neural processing throughout emotional experiences and that high granularity could be associated with access to executive control resources and a more habitual processing of affective stimuli, or a kind of "emotional complexity." Implications for models of emotion are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Y. Lee
- Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, MadisonWI, USA
| | - Kristen A. Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, USA
| | - Chang S. Nam
- Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, USA
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17
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Is ability-based emotional intelligence impervious to the Flynn effect? A cross-temporal meta-analysis (2001–2015). INTELLIGENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Individual differences and specificity of prefrontal gamma frequency-tACS on fluid intelligence capabilities. Cortex 2015; 75:33-43. [PMID: 26707084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an effective, frequency-specific modulator of endogenous brain oscillations, with the potential to alter cognitive performance. Here, we show that reduction in response latencies to solve complex logic problem indexing fluid intelligence is obtained through 40 Hz-tACS (gamma band) applied to the prefrontal cortex. This improvement in human performance depends on individual ability, with slower performers at baseline receiving greater benefits. The effect could have not being explained by regression to the mean, and showed task and frequency specificity: it was not observed for trials not involving logical reasoning, as well as with the application of low frequency 5 Hz-tACS (theta band) or non-periodic high frequency random noise stimulation (101-640 Hz). Moreover, performance in a spatial working memory task was not affected by brain stimulation, excluding possible effects on fluid intelligence enhancement through an increase in memory performance. We suggest that such high-level cognitive functions are dissociable by frequency-specific neuromodulatory effects, possibly related to entrainment of specific brain rhythms. We conclude that individual differences in cognitive abilities, due to acquired or developmental origins, could be reduced during frequency-specific tACS, a finding that should be taken into account for future individual cognitive rehabilitation studies.
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Daly I, Williams D, Hallowell J, Hwang F, Kirke A, Malik A, Weaver J, Miranda E, Nasuto SJ. Music-induced emotions can be predicted from a combination of brain activity and acoustic features. Brain Cogn 2015; 101:1-11. [PMID: 26544602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that music can communicate and induce a wide range of emotions in the listener. However, music is a highly-complex audio signal composed of a wide range of complex time- and frequency-varying components. Additionally, music-induced emotions are known to differ greatly between listeners. Therefore, it is not immediately clear what emotions will be induced in a given individual by a piece of music. We attempt to predict the music-induced emotional response in a listener by measuring the activity in the listeners electroencephalogram (EEG). We combine these measures with acoustic descriptors of the music, an approach that allows us to consider music as a complex set of time-varying acoustic features, independently of any specific music theory. Regression models are found which allow us to predict the music-induced emotions of our participants with a correlation between the actual and predicted responses of up to r=0.234,p<0.001. This regression fit suggests that over 20% of the variance of the participant's music induced emotions can be predicted by their neural activity and the properties of the music. Given the large amount of noise, non-stationarity, and non-linearity in both EEG and music, this is an encouraging result. Additionally, the combination of measures of brain activity and acoustic features describing the music played to our participants allows us to predict music-induced emotions with significantly higher accuracies than either feature type alone (p<0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Daly
- Brain Embodiment Lab, School of Systems Engineering, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Duncan Williams
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Music Research, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - James Hallowell
- Brain Embodiment Lab, School of Systems Engineering, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Faustina Hwang
- Brain Embodiment Lab, School of Systems Engineering, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alexis Kirke
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Music Research, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Asad Malik
- Brain Embodiment Lab, School of Systems Engineering, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - James Weaver
- Brain Embodiment Lab, School of Systems Engineering, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Eduardo Miranda
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Music Research, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Slawomir J Nasuto
- Brain Embodiment Lab, School of Systems Engineering, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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20
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Li W, Xu J, Chen X, He J, Huang Y. Phase Synchronization Between Motor Cortices During Gait Movement in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2015. [PMID: 26208358 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2015.2453311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently leads to generalized locomotor disability and gait disturbances which cause serious discomfort among patients. Human gait is a complex process in the central nervous system that results from the integration of various mechanisms which remain unclear. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to investigate the cortical activity patterns during gait movement in SCI. In this study, brain activity was recorded by electroencephalogram (EEG) during two kinds of gait-like movements. Phase synchronization between motor cortices was investigated through source analysis and phase locking. Results revealed that diverse neural networks with different resonance-like frequencies exist in the brain. Further, we found that the premotor cortex played an important role in the control of passive gait-like movement. In attempted/active movement, spatial function and multimodal integration with somatosensory information are crucial aspects of posterior parietal cortex function which need to be considered separately in different EEG bands. Our results further confirmed that neural system control patterns in passive gait-like movement differ from those in attempted or active gait-like movement. Novel insights into human gait will provide a basis for improvements in future neurorehabilitation applications.
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Kwon G, Lim S, Kim MY, Kwon H, Lee YH, Kim K, Lee EJ, Suh M. Individual differences in oscillatory brain activity in response to varying attentional demands during a word recall and oculomotor dual task. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:381. [PMID: 26175681 PMCID: PMC4484223 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Every day, we face situations that involve multi-tasking. How our brain utilizes cortical resources during multi-tasking is one of many interesting research topics. In this study, we tested whether a dual-task can be differentiated in the neural and behavioral responses of healthy subjects with varying degree of working memory capacity (WMC). We combined word recall and oculomotor tasks because they incorporate common neural networks including the fronto-parietal (FP) network. Three different types of oculomotor tasks (eye fixation, Fix-EM; predictive and random smooth pursuit eye movement, P-SPEM and R-SPEM) were combined with two memory load levels (low-load: five words, high-load: 10 words) for a word recall task. Each of those dual-task combinations was supposed to create varying cognitive loads on the FP network. We hypothesize that each dual-task requires different cognitive strategies for allocating the brain's limited cortical resources and affects brain oscillation of the FP network. In addition, we hypothesized that groups with different WMC will show differential neural and behavioral responses. We measured oscillatory brain activity with simultaneous MEG and EEG recordings and behavioral performance by word recall. Prominent frontal midline (FM) theta (4-6 Hz) synchronization emerged in the EEG of the high-WMC group experiencing R-SPEM with high-load conditions during the early phase of the word maintenance period. Conversely, significant parietal upper alpha (10-12 Hz) desynchronization was observed in the EEG and MEG of the low-WMC group experiencing P-SPEM under high-load conditions during the same period. Different brain oscillatory patterns seem to depend on each individual's WMC and varying attentional demands from different dual-task combinations. These findings suggest that specific brain oscillations may reflect different strategies for allocating cortical resources during combined word recall and oculomotor dual-tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gusang Kwon
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon, South Korea ; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lim
- Center for Biosignals, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, South Korea ; Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Center for Biosignals, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyukchan Kwon
- Center for Biosignals, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Center for Biosignals, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kiwoong Kim
- Center for Biosignals, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon, South Korea ; Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- School of Business, Sungkyunkwan University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minah Suh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon, South Korea ; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University Seoul, South Korea ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon, South Korea ; Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon, South Korea
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22
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Raz S, Dan O, Zysberg L. Neural correlates of emotional intelligence in a visual emotional oddball task: an ERP study. Brain Cogn 2014; 91:79-86. [PMID: 25265320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at identifying potential behavioral and neural correlates of Emotional Intelligence (EI) by using scalp-recorded Event-Related Potentials (ERPs). EI levels were defined according to both self-report questionnaire and a performance-based ability test. We identified ERP correlates of emotional processing by using a visual-emotional oddball paradigm, in which subjects were confronted with one frequent standard stimulus (a neutral face) and two deviant stimuli (a happy and an angry face). The effects of these faces were then compared across groups with low and high EI levels. The ERP results indicate that participants with high EI exhibited significantly greater mean amplitudes of the P1, P2, N2, and P3 ERP components in response to emotional and neutral faces, at frontal, posterior-parietal and occipital scalp locations. P1, P2 and N2 are considered indexes of attention-related processes and have been associated with early attention to emotional stimuli. The later P3 component has been thought to reflect more elaborative, top-down, emotional information processing including emotional evaluation and memory encoding and formation. These results may suggest greater recruitment of resources to process all emotional and non-emotional faces at early and late processing stages among individuals with higher EI. The present study underscores the usefulness of ERP methodology as a sensitive measure for the study of emotional stimuli processing in the research field of EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Raz
- Department of Psychology, The Center for Psychobiological Research, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, 19300, Israel; Department of Psychology, Tel Hai College, 12208, Israel.
| | - Orrie Dan
- Department of Psychology, The Center for Psychobiological Research, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, 19300, Israel
| | - Leehu Zysberg
- Department of Psychology, Tel Hai College, 12208, Israel; Graduate School, Gordon College of Education, Haifa, Israel
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Timoshanko A, Desmond P, Camfield D, Downey L, Stough C. A magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) investigation into brain metabolite correlates of ability emotional intelligence. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Tolegenova AA, Kustubayeva AM, Matthews G. Trait Meta-Mood, gender and EEG response during emotion-regulation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Güntekin B, Başar E. A review of brain oscillations in perception of faces and emotional pictures. Neuropsychologia 2014; 58:33-51. [PMID: 24709570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Güntekin
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kültür University, Istanbul 34156, Turkey.
| | - Erol Başar
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kültür University, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
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26
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Rossi A, Parada FJ, Kolchinsky A, Puce A. Neural correlates of apparent motion perception of impoverished facial stimuli: a comparison of ERP and ERSP activity. Neuroimage 2014; 98:442-459. [PMID: 24736174 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our brains readily decode human movements, as shown by neural responses to face and body motion. N170 event-related potentials (ERPs) are earlier and larger to mouth opening movements relative to closing in both line-drawn and natural faces, and gaze aversions relative to direct gaze in natural faces (Puce and Perrett, 2003; Puce et al., 2000). Here we extended this work by recording both ERP and oscillatory EEG activity (event-related spectral perturbations, ERSPs) to line-drawn faces depicting eye and mouth movements (Eyes: Direct vs Away; Mouth: Closed vs Open) and non-face motion controls. Neural activity was measured in 2 occipito-temporal clusters of 9 electrodes, one in each hemisphere. Mouth opening generated larger N170s than mouth closing, replicating earlier work. Eye motion elicited robust N170s that did not differ between gaze conditions. Control condition differences were seen, and generated the largest N170. ERSP difference plots across conditions in the occipito-temporal electrode clusters (Eyes: Direct vs Away; Mouth: Closed vs Open) showed statistically significant differences in beta and gamma bands for gaze direction changes and mouth opening at similar post-stimulus times and frequencies. In contrast, control stimuli showed activity in the gamma band with a completely different time profile and hemispheric distribution to facial stimuli. ERSP plots were generated in two 9 electrode clusters centered on central sites, C3 and C4. In the left cluster for all stimulus conditions, broadband beta suppression persisted from about 250ms post-motion onset. In the right cluster, beta suppression was seen for control conditions only. Statistically significant differences between conditions were confined between 4 and 15Hz, unlike the occipito-temporal sites where differences occurred at much higher frequencies (high beta/gamma). Our data indicate that N170 amplitude is sensitive to the amount of movement in the visual field, independent of stimulus type. In contrast, occipito-temporal beta and gamma activity differentiates between facial and non-facial motion. Context and stimulus configuration likely plays a role in shaping neural responses, based on comparisons of the current data to previously reported studies. Broadband suppression of central beta activity, and significant low frequency differences were likely stimulus driven and not contingent on behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rossi
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Francisco J Parada
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Aina Puce
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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27
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Altruistic aptitude: age-dependent influence of temperament and emotional intelligence. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014. [PMID: 23836001 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6627-3_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
It is unclear why some people behave altruistically and others do not. This study seeks to determine what psychological features could help predict altruistic behavior. We addressed the issue by examining distinct dimensions of temperament and emotional intelligence and their associations with the level of proaltruistic aptitude in two distant age-groups, young (20-29 years) and senior (60-79 years) persons. The study was one of a self-reported psychometric survey. The major findings were that emotional intelligence, rather than temperament, is strongly associated with the expression of altruistic behavior in both young and senior subjects, despite a general decrease in the characteristics of emotional intelligence in advanced age. We also failed to substantiate the presence of an appreciable difference in the level of declared altruism between the senior and young subjects. High emotional intelligence, often underling social engagement and bonding, seems thus a good predictor of altruistic aptitude to be displayed by a person. The independence of this association of age-changes in emotional agility is suggestive of causal relationship. The study is relevant for an understanding of the enigmatic origins of important social behaviors like altruism.
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28
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Staufenbiel S, Brouwer AM, Keizer A, van Wouwe N. Effect of beta and gamma neurofeedback on memory and intelligence in the elderly. Biol Psychol 2014; 95:74-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Knyazev GG, Mitrofanova LG, Bocharov AV. Emotional intelligence and oscillatory responses to emotional facial expressions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0362119713030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Raz S, Dan O, Arad H, Zysberg L. Behavioral and neural correlates of emotional intelligence: an event-related potentials (ERP) study. Brain Res 2013; 1526:44-53. [PMID: 23791921 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at identifying potential behavioral and neural correlates of emotional intelligence (EI) by using scalp-recorded Event-Related Potentials (ERPs). EI levels were defined according to both self-report questionnaire and a performance-based test. We identified ERP correlates of emotional processing by comparing ERPs elicited in trials using pleasant, neutral and unpleasant pictures. The effects of these emotion-inducing pictures were then compared across groups with low and high EI levels. Behavioral results revealed a significant valence×EI group interaction effect since valence ratings were lower for unpleasant pictures and higher for pleasant pictures in the high EI group compared with the low EI group. The groups did not differ with respect to neutral picture ratings. The ERP results indicate that participants with high EI exhibited significantly greater mean amplitudes of the P2 (200-300ms post-stimulus) and P3 (310-450ms post-stimulus) ERP components in response to emotional and neutral pictures, at posterior-parietal as well as at frontal scalp locations. This may suggest greater recruitment of resources to process all emotional and non-emotional stimuli at early and late processing stages among individuals with higher EI. The present study also underscores the usefulness of ERP methodology as a sensitive measure for the study of emotional stimuli processing in the research field of EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Raz
- Department of Psychology, The Center for Psychobiological Research, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Israel.
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31
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Chaturvedi S, Zyphur MJ, Arvey RD, Avolio BJ, Larsson G. The heritability of emergent leadership: Age and gender as moderating factors. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Shetty HN, Puttabasappa M. Effect of stimuli, transducers and gender on acoustic change complex. Audiol Res 2012; 2:e14. [PMID: 26557329 PMCID: PMC4630950 DOI: 10.4081/audiores.2012.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of stimuli, transducers and gender on the latency and amplitude of acoustic change complex (ACC). ACC is a multiple overlapping P1-N1-P2 complex reflecting acoustic changes across the entire stimulus. Fifteen males and 15 females, in the age range of 18 to 25 (mean=21.67) years, having normal hearing participated in the study. The ACC was recorded using the vertical montage. The naturally produced stimuli /sa/ and /si/ were presented through the insert earphone/loud speaker to record the ACC. The ACC obtained from different stimuli presented through different transducers from male/female participants were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance. Dependent t-test and independent t-test were performed when indicated. There was a significant difference in latency of 2N1 at the transition, with latency for /sa/ being earlier; but not at the onset portions of ACC. There was no significant difference in amplitude of ACC between the stimuli. Among the transducers, there was no significant difference in latency and amplitude of ACC, for both /sa/ and /si/ stimuli. Female participants showed earlier latency for 2N1 and larger amplitude of N1 and 2P2 than male participants, which was significant. ACC provides important insight in detecting the subtle spectral changes in each stimulus. Among the transducers, no difference in ACC was noted as the spectra of stimuli delivered were within the frequency response of the transducers. The earlier 2N1 latency and larger N1 and 2P2 amplitudes noticed in female participants could be due to smaller head circumference. The findings of this study will be useful in determining the capacity of the auditory pathway in detecting subtle spectral changes in the stimulus at the level of the auditory cortex.
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Reiterer S, Pereda E, Bhattacharya J. On a Possible Relationship between Linguistic Expertise and EEG Gamma Band Phase Synchrony. Front Psychol 2011; 2:334. [PMID: 22125542 PMCID: PMC3222221 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has shown that extensive training in and exposure to a second language can modify the language organization in the brain by causing both structural and functional changes. However it is not yet known how these changes are manifested by the dynamic brain oscillations and synchronization patterns subserving the language networks. In search for synchronization correlates of proficiency and expertise in second language acquisition, multivariate EEG signals were recorded from 44 high and low proficiency bilinguals during processing of natural language in their first and second languages. Gamma band (30-45 Hz) phase synchronization (PS) was calculated mainly by two recently developed methods: coarse-graining of Markov chains (estimating global phase synchrony, measuring the degree of PS between one electrode and all other electrodes), and phase lag index (PLI; estimating bivariate phase synchrony, measuring the degree of PS between a pair of electrodes). On comparing second versus first language processing, global PS by coarse-graining Markov chains indicated that processing of the second language needs significantly higher synchronization strength than first language. On comparing the proficiency groups, bivariate PS measure (i.e., PLI) revealed that during second language processing the low proficiency group showed stronger and broader network patterns than the high proficiency group, with interconnectivities between a left fronto-parietal network. Mean phase coherence analysis also indicated that the network activity was globally stronger in the low proficiency group during second language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Reiterer
- Department for English Linguistics, Center for Linguistics, University of TübingenGermany
- Department of English Studies, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Ernesto Pereda
- Department of Basic Physics, University of La LagunaTenerife, Spain
| | - Joydeep Bhattacharya
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths College, University of LondonLondon, UK
- Commission for Scientific Visualization, Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna, Austria
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Abstract
Recent advances in neuroimaging have permitted testing of hypotheses regarding the neural bases of individual differences, but this burgeoning literature has been characterized by inconsistent results. To test the hypothesis that differences in task demands could contribute to between-study variability in brain-behavior relationships, we had participants perform 2 tasks that varied in the extent of cognitive involvement. We examined connectivity between brain regions during a low-demand vigilance task and a higher-demand digit-symbol visual search task using Granger causality analysis (GCA). Our results showed 1) Significant differences in numbers of frontoparietal connections between low- and high-demand tasks 2) that GCA can detect activity changes that correspond with task-demand changes, and 3) faster participants showed more vigilance-related activity than slower participants, but less visual-search activity. These results suggest that relatively low-demand cognitive performance depends on spontaneous bidirectionally fluctuating network activity, whereas high-demand performance depends on a limited, unidirectional network. The nature of brain-behavior relationships may vary depending on the extent of cognitive demand. High-demand network activity may reflect the extent to which individuals require top-down executive guidance of behavior for successful task performance. Low-demand network activity may reflect task- and performance monitoring that minimizes executive requirements for guidance of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat B Biswal
- Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Kislova OO, Rusalova MN. EEG frequency-amplitude characteristics of the successful recognition of emotional speech. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 40:639-644. [PMID: 20532828 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-010-9306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
EEG frequency-amplitude characteristics were studied in two groups of subjects, with high and low "emotional hearing" measures. Comparison of power over the whole EEG range between the two groups of subjects led to the conclusion that the EEG activation level was significantly higher in subjects with low "emotional hearing" measures than in those with high levels. This group also showed a higher level of activation in the posterior temporal areas of the cortex of the right hemisphere on recognition of emotions in speech. Thus, high initial levels of cortical activation and greater EEG reactivity on hearing emotional phrases are factors hindering the recognition of emotional expression in speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Kislova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Enhancing cognitive control through neurofeedback: A role of gamma-band activity in managing episodic retrieval. Neuroimage 2010; 49:3404-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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The effect of gamma enhancing neurofeedback on the control of feature bindings and intelligence measures. Int J Psychophysiol 2010; 75:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kislova OO, Rusalova MN. EEG asymmetry in humans: relationship with success in recognizing emotions in the voice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 39:825-31. [PMID: 19830567 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-009-9213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
EEG asymmetry was studied in two groups of subjects: those with high (group 1) and those with low (group 2) levels of recognition of emotions in the voice. EEG power was compared in baseline conditions and during the recognition of emotions in six standard frequency ranges and in individual bands with 1-Hz steps. Significant differences between groups 1 and 2 were seen both in baseline conditions and during the recognition of emotions: in most cases, subjects of group 2 had greater levels of activation and asymmetry than those of group 1 both in baseline conditions and on recognition of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Kislova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerov Street, 117485, Moscow, Russia
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40
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EEG coherence in humans: relationship with success in recognizing emotions in the voice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 39:545-52. [PMID: 19517240 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-009-9174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
EEG recordings from two groups of subjects - with high and low levels of recognition of emotions from voices were made. Comparisons were performed of the numbers of pairs of leads with different levels of coherence in baseline conditions and on recognition of emotions in six standard frequency ranges and in individual bands with 1-Hz steps. Significant differences were seen between groups 1 and 2 both in baseline conditions and during recognition of emotions: in most cases, coherence was greater in subjects with poor recognition of emotions from voices.
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Rypma B, Prabhakaran V. When less is more and when more is more: The mediating roles of capacity and speed in brain-behavior efficiency. INTELLIGENCE 2009; 37:207-222. [PMID: 20161012 PMCID: PMC2758693 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An enduring enterprise of experimental psychology has been to account for individual differences in human performance. Recent advances in neuroimaging have permitted testing of hypotheses regarding the neural bases of individual differences but this burgeoning literature has been characterized by inconsistent results. We argue that careful design and analysis of neuroimaging studies is required to separate individual differences in processing capacity from individual differences in processing speed to account for these differences in the literature. We utilized task designs which permitted separation of processing capacity influences on brain-behavior relationships from those related to processing speed. In one set of studies, participants performed verbal delayed-recognition tasks during blocked and event-related fMRI scanning. The results indicated that those participants with greater working memory (WM) capacity showed greater prefrontal cortical activity, strategically capitalized on the additional processing time available in the delay period, and evinced faster WM-retrieval rates than low-capacity participants. In another study, participants performed a digit-symbol substitution task (DSST) designed to minimize WM storage capacity requirements and maximize processing speed requirements during fMRI scanning. In some prefrontal cortical (PFC) brain regions, participants with faster processing speed showed less PFC activity than slower performers while in other PFC and parietal regions they showed greater activity. Regional-causality analysis indicated that PFC exerted more influence over other brain regions for slower than for faster individuals. These results support a model of neural efficiency in which individuals differ in the extent of direct processing links between neural nodes. One benefit of direct processing links may be a surplus of resources that maximize available capacity permitting fast and accurate performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Rypma
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Brain Health, University of Texas at Dallas
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Cook F, Ciorciari J, Varker T, Devilly GJ. Changes in long term neural connectivity following psychological trauma. Clin Neurophysiol 2009; 120:309-14. [PMID: 19135411 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neural connectivity differences between adults reporting childhood, adulthood or no history of trauma were examined. METHODS A total of 39 participants completed the Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS; Foa EB. Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) Manual. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems, 1995), a Word Memory Task (WMT; [McNally RJ, Metzger LJ, Lasko NB, Clancy SA, Pitman RK. Directed forgetting of trauma cues in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse with and without post-traumatic stress disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 1998;107:596-601]) and EEG analysis. Intelligence was not assessed during the study. RESULTS As predicted, those with childhood trauma had significantly higher EEG coherence than those with either adulthood trauma or no past trauma. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences were observed over frontal, central, temporal and parietal areas. Evidence was found suggesting that childhood psychological trauma may have a lasting impact on neuronal connectivity. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study to demonstrate the suspected long term effect of trauma over central, temporal and parietal areas. Long term neural correlates of childhood and adult trauma appear to suggest information processing differences--differences that may, eventually, lead to better interventions following trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallon Cook
- Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University, Australia
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Jaušovec N, Jaušovec K. Spatial rotation and recognizing emotions: Gender related differences in brain activity. INTELLIGENCE 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Mayer
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824;
| | - Richard D. Roberts
- Center for New Constructs, R&D, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey 08541;
| | - Sigal G. Barsade
- Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104;
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Freudenthaler HH, Fink A, Neubauer AC. Emotional abilities and cortical activation during emotional information processing. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Neubauer AC, Fink A, Grabner RH. Sensitivity of alpha band ERD to individual differences in cognition. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2006; 159:167-78. [PMID: 17071230 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(06)59011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
According to the neural efficiency hypothesis, brighter individuals might be characterized by lower and topographically more differentiated brain activation than less intelligent individuals, presumably reflecting a more specialized recruitment of task-related areas. The findings of several studies analyzing the event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the (upper) alpha frequency band have corroborated and elaborated the original neural efficiency hypothesis. In this chapter, we review classical and recent findings and argue in favor of a more differentiated picture of this phenomenon, emphasizing the role of participants' sex, task complexity, and material specificity, as well as the importance to select an adequate external criterion (intelligence measure). Also, recent ERD findings related to emotional intelligence and creativity as well as recent studies focusing on practice, learning ability, and expertise are presented, which point to the need of a broader neurophysiological ability concept. The reviewed findings point at the high suitability of the ERD method to uncover consistent and stable individual differences in people's brain activation patterns when engaged in performing cognitively demanding tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoscha C Neubauer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2/III, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Jausovec N, Jausovec K. Sex differences in brain activity related to general and emotional intelligence. Brain Cogn 2005; 59:277-86. [PMID: 16168545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2005] [Revised: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated gender differences in resting EEG (in three individually determined narrow alpha frequency bands) related to the level of general and emotional intelligence. Brain activity of males decreased with the level of general intelligence, whereas an opposite pattern of brain activity was observed in females. This difference was most pronounced in the upper-alpha band which is related to semantic memory processes. It was further found that highly intelligent males displayed greater decoupling of frontal brain areas, whereas highly intelligent females showed more coupling between frontal and parietal/occipital brain areas. Similar, but less significant differences were observed for the two area scores of strategic and experiential emotional intelligence. It appears that males and females have different resting EEG correlates of IQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Jausovec
- Univerza v Mariboru, Pedagoska fakulteta, Koroska 160, Slovenia.
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