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Domic-Siede M, Sánchez-Corzo A, Guzmán-González M. Brain oscillations during emotion regulation and the two-dimensional model of adult attachment. Biol Psychol 2024; 189:108793. [PMID: 38631550 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Emotion Regulation (ER) refers to the processes by which individuals influence their own emotions. It is a crucial aspect of human behavior, affecting everything from interpersonal relationships to mental health. The relationship between ER and Attachment Theory (AT) is pivotal. AT suggests that early bonds with primary caregivers influence future relationship expectations and behaviors. These initial experiences shape internal models of self and others, affecting how individuals regulate their emotions. Understanding the interplay between ER and AT is essential for comprehending the human affective system. In this study, we explored the neural underpinnings of ER, focusing on two distinct strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we examined changes in neural oscillations from 52 adults during an ER task. Specifically, we observed increased frontal theta activity (3-6 Hz) during reappraisal compared to suppression strategies. This frontal theta activity suggests enhanced cognitive control engagement. Conversely, during suppression, we noted a decrease in beta frequency (15-30 Hz) activity from central electrodes, indicative of differing neural processes. Further integrating psychological theories, we explored the relationship between these neural markers and dimensions of human attachment. Employing the Experiences in Close Relationships-12 scale (ECR-12), we identified a negative correlation between attachment anxiety and frontal theta activity. Lower levels of attachment anxiety were associated with increased theta activity, reflecting potentially more effective emotion regulation. Additionally, we found that higher theta activity corresponded with fewer difficulties in emotional control measured by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Regarding central beta activity, our findings revealed an interesting correlation with Emotional Inattention, a concept tied to Attachment Avoidance. This suggests that central beta activity may serve as a neural marker for specific attachment-related ER processing. These results highlight the distinct neural pathways involved in different ER strategies and their relationship with the AT and neural responses during emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Domic-Siede
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Andrea Sánchez-Corzo
- Multimodal Functional Brain Imaging and Neurorehabilitation Hub, Department of Diagnostic Imaging. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mónica Guzmán-González
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
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Tokimoto S, Tokimoto N. Time course of effective connectivity associated with perspective taking in utterance comprehension. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1179230. [PMID: 38021233 PMCID: PMC10658713 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1179230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study discusses the effective connectivity in the brain and its time course in realizing perspective taking in verbal communication through electroencephalogram (EEG) associated with the understanding of Japanese utterances. We manipulated perspective taking in a sentence with the Japanese subsidiary verbs -ageru and -kureru, which mean "to give". We measured the EEG during the auditory presentation of the sentences with a multichannel electroencephalograph, and the partial directed coherence and its temporal variations were analyzed using the source localization method to examine causal interactions between nineteen regions of interest in the brain. Three different processing stages were recognized on the basis of the connectivity hubs, direction of information flow, increase or decrease in flow, and temporal variation. We suggest that perspective taking in speech comprehension is realized by interactions between the mentalizing network, mirror neuron network, and executive control network. Furthermore, we found that individual differences in the sociality of typically developing adult speakers were systematically related to effective connectivity. In particular, attention switching was deeply concerned with perspective taking in real time, and the precuneus played a crucial role in implementing individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tokimoto
- Department of English Language Studies, Mejiro University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Tokimoto
- Department of Performing Arts, Shobi University, Saitama, Japan
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Kim H, Seo P, Choi JW, Kim KH. Emotional arousal due to video stimuli reduces local and inter-regional synchronization of oscillatory cortical activities in alpha- and beta-bands. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255032. [PMID: 34297738 PMCID: PMC8301653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of current study is to reveal spatiotemporal features of oscillatory EEG activities in response to emotional arousal induced by emotional video stimuli, and to find the characteristics of cortical activities showing significant difference according to arousal levels. The EEGs recorded during watching affective video clips were transformed to cortical current density time-series, and then, cluster-based permutation test was applied to determine the spatiotemporal origins of alpha- and beta-band activities showing significant difference between high and low arousal levels. We found stronger desynchronization of alpha-band activities due to higher arousal in visual areas, which may be due to stronger activation for sensory information processing for the highly arousing video stimuli. In precentral and superior parietal regions, the stronger desynchronization in alpha-and low beta-bands was observed for the high arousal stimuli. This is expected to reflect enhanced mirror neuron system activities, which is involved in understanding the intention of other’s action. Similar changes according to arousal level were found also in inter-regional phase synchronization in alpha- and beta-bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Pukyeong Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Is the Putative Mirror Neuron System Associated with Empathy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 31:14-57. [PMID: 32876854 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical perspectives suggest that the mirror neuron system (MNS) is an important neurobiological contributor to empathy, yet empirical support is mixed. Here, we adopt a summary model for empathy, consisting of motor, emotional, and cognitive components of empathy. This review provides an overview of existing empirical studies investigating the relationship between putative MNS activity and empathy in healthy populations. 52 studies were identified that investigated the association between the MNS and at least one domain of empathy, representing data from 1044 participants. Our results suggest that emotional and cognitive empathy are moderately correlated with MNS activity, however, these domains were mixed and varied across techniques used to acquire MNS activity (TMS, EEG, and fMRI). Few studies investigated motor empathy, and of those, no significant relationships were revealed. Overall, results provide preliminary evidence for a relationship between MNS activity and empathy. However, our findings highlight methodological variability in study design as an important factor in understanding this relationship. We discuss limitations regarding these methodological variations and important implications for clinical and community translations, as well as suggestions for future research.
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Noguchi Y, Kubo S. Changes in latency of brain rhythms in response to affective information of visual stimuli. Biol Psychol 2019; 149:107787. [PMID: 31647959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is widely known that emotionally-arousing pictures are perceived more rapidly than non-arousing pictures, although neural underpinnings of this effect remain unclear. Using electroencephalography, we presently measured neural oscillatory rhythms of the human brain in response to various emotional images from the International Affective Picture System. We found that an oscillation frequency in the alpha-to-beta band (8-30 Hz) became higher over the parietal cortex when participants viewed emotionally-arousing than non-arousing pictures. This modulation of neural rhythms was also observed in a valence dimension; emotionally-negative pictures induced faster neural rhythm than emotionally-positive pictures. Those results were consistent with previous studies reporting a speeded perception of high-arousing and negative stimuli (e.g. snakes and spiders) and further provided neural evidence for an adaptive function of emotion to accelerate the processing of potentially-dangerous stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Noguchi
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Sayumi Kubo
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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Tokimoto S, Tokimoto N. Perspective-Taking in Sentence Comprehension: Time and Empathy. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1574. [PMID: 30210402 PMCID: PMC6123488 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the neural substrate of perspective-taking by analyzing the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity elicited by the auditory comprehension of sentences for which the comprehender had to adopt the perspective of the person described in them. Recent studies suggest that the ability of perspective-taking can be an integrative function of temporal and spatial information processing. We thus examined the independence and possible interaction of human perspective shifts and temporal perspective-taking by utilizing Japanese subsidiary verbs for giving, namely -ageru and -kureru. We manipulated human perspective shifts and temporal perspective-taking independently in experimental sentences by syntactically changing the subject and the object between the speaker and a third person, while we manipulated the tense to be past or non-past tense via sentence-final particles ru/ta (non-past/past). The EEG analyses via electrodes indicated the suppression of the β band for human perspective shifts in sentences in non-past tense and the absence of such suppression in sentences in past tense. The analyses for the clusters of independent components indicated β suppression for past tense against non-past tense in sentences without a human perspective shift. This response pattern suggests a close relationship between human perspective shifting and temporal perspective-taking. The β suppression for the human perspective shift in our experiment can be understood as a replication of the previous EEG findings observed for perspective-taking in the presentation of visual images. The preceding findings and our result suggest that the ability or the function of perspective-taking is not specific to the modality. Furthermore, the generator of the β suppression for past tense against non-past tense without human perspective shifting was localized in the precuneus, which is consistent with recent findings indicating that the precuneus is deeply involved in time perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tokimoto
- Department of English Language Studies, Mejiro University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Tokimoto
- Department of Policy Management, Shobi University, Kawagoe, Japan
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Güntekin B, Femir B, Gölbaşı BT, Tülay E, Başar E. Affective pictures processing is reflected by an increased long-distance EEG connectivity. Cogn Neurodyn 2017; 11:355-367. [PMID: 28761555 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-017-9439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of affective picture processing by means of EEG has invaded the literature. The methodology of event-related EEG coherence is one of the essential methods used to analyze functional connectivity. The aims of the present study are to find out the long range EEG connectivity changes in perception of different affective pictures and analyze gender differences in these long range connected networks. EEGs of 28 healthy subjects (14 female) were recorded at 32 locations. The participants passively viewed emotional pictures (IAPS, unpleasant, pleasant, neutral). The long-distance intra-hemispheric event-related coherence was analyzed for delta (1-3.5 Hz), theta (4-7.5 Hz), and alpha (8-13 Hz) frequency ranges for F3-T7, F4-T8, F3-TP7, F4-TP8, F3-P3, F4-P4, F3-O1, F4-O2, C3-O1, C4-O2 electrode pairs. Unpleasant pictures elicited significantly higher delta coherence values than neutral pictures (p < 0.05), over fronto-parietal, fronto-occipital, and centro-occipital electrode pairs. Furthermore, unpleasant pictures elicited higher theta coherence values than pleasant (p < 0.05) and neutral pictures (p < 0.05). The present study showed that female subjects had higher delta (p < 0.05) and theta (p < 0.05) coherence values than male subjects. This difference was observed more for emotional pictures than for neutral pictures. This study showed that the brain connectivity was higher during emotional pictures than neutral pictures. Females had higher connectivity between different parts of the brain than males during emotional processes. According to these results, we may comment that increased valence and arousal caused increased brain activity. It seems that not just single sources but functional networks were also activated during perception of emotional pictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Güntekin
- Department of Biophysics, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Banu Femir
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kultur University, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Turp Gölbaşı
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kultur University, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Tülay
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kultur University, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erol Başar
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kultur University, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
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Altered mu-rhythm suppression in Borderline Personality Disorder. Brain Res 2017; 1659:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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