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Beauducel A, Scheuble-Cabrera V, Hennig J, Hewig J, Hildebrandt A, Kührt C, Leon L, Müller EM, Osinsky R, Paul K, Porth E, Riesel A, Rodrigues J, Scheffel C, Short C, Stahl J, Strobel A, Wacker J. The association of dispositional anxiety with the NoGo N2 under relaxation instruction versus speed/accuracy instruction. Biol Psychol 2024:108850. [PMID: 39074541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that cognitive control, indicated by NoGo N2 amplitudes in Go/NoGo tasks, is associated with dispositional anxiety. This negative association tends to be reduced in anxiety-enhancing experimental conditions. However, anxiety-reducing conditions have not yet been investigated systematically. Thus, the present study compares the effect of a relaxation instruction with the conventional speed/accuracy instruction in a Go/NoGo task on the correlation of the NoGo N2 with two subconstructs of dispositional anxiety, namely anxious apprehension and anxious arousal. As the test of differences between correlations needs considerable statistical power, the present study was included into the multi-lab CoScience Project. The hypotheses, manipulation checks, and the main path of pre-processing and statistical analysis were preregistered. Complete data sets of 777 participants were available for data analysis. Preregistered general linear models revealed that the different instructions of the task (speed/accuracy vs. relaxation) had no effect on the association between dispositional anxiety and the NoGo N2 amplitude in general. This result was supported by Cooperative-Forking-Path analysis. In contrast, a preregistered latent growth model with categorical variables revealed that anxious arousal was a negative predictor of the NoGo N2 intercept and a positive predictor of the NoGo N2 slope. Non-preregistered growth models, allowing for correlations of anxious apprehension with anxious arousal, revealed that higher anxious apprehension scores were associated with more negative NoGo N2 amplitudes with increased relaxation. Results are discussed in the context of the compensatory error monitoring hypothesis and the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Beauducel
- Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institut für Psychologie, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Vera Scheuble-Cabrera
- Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institut für Psychologie, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Fachgebiet Psychologie, Gießen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hewig
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Psychologie I, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hildebrandt
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Department für Psychologie, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Kührt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Psychologie, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lange Leon
- Universität Osnabrück, Institut für Psychologie, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Erik Malte Müller
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Psychologie, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roman Osinsky
- Universität Osnabrück, Institut für Psychologie, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katharina Paul
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Psychologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Porth
- Universität zu Köln, Fachbereich Psychologie, Köln, Germany
| | - Anja Riesel
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Psychologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Rodrigues
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Psychologie I, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Cassie Short
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Psychologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Stahl
- Universität zu Köln, Fachbereich Psychologie, Köln, Germany
| | - Alexander Strobel
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Psychologie, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Wacker
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Psychologie, Hamburg, Germany
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Wang Y, Wu D, Sun K, Zhu Y, Chen X, Xiao W. The Effect of Rhythmic Audio-Visual Stimulation on Inhibitory Control: An ERP Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:506. [PMID: 38790484 PMCID: PMC11119230 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control, as an essential cognitive ability, affects the development of higher cognitive functions. Rhythmic perceptual stimulation has been used to improve cognitive abilities. It is unclear, however, whether it can be used to improve inhibitory control. This study used the Go/NoGo task and the Stroop task to assess various levels of inhibitory control using rhythmic audio-visual stimuli as the stimulus mode. Sixty subjects were randomly divided into three groups to receive 6 Hz, 10 Hz, and white noise stimulation for 30 min. Two tasks were completed by each subject both before and after the stimulus. Before and after the task, closed-eye resting EEG data were collected. The results showed no differences in behavioral and EEG measures of the Go/NoGo task among the three groups. While both 6 Hz and 10 Hz audio-visual stimulation reduced the conflict effect in the Stroop task, only 6 Hz audio-visual stimulation improved the amplitude of the N2 component and decreased the conflict score. Although rhythmic audio-visual stimulation did not enhance response inhibition, it improved conflict inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.W.); (D.W.); (K.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
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Jia Y, Wang T, Schweizer K, Ren X. Neural correlates of intelligence: ERP Components of temporary storage predict fluid intelligence over and above those of executive functions. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14394. [PMID: 37470269 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has revealed that individuals with different levels of intelligence exhibit distinct patterns of event-related potentials (ERPs) related to executive functions and temporary storage. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the relative contributions of these ERPs in predicting individual differences in fluid intelligence. This study aims to examine the extent to which ERPs associated with executive functions and temporary storage can predict individual differences in fluid intelligence. Special attention is given to determining whether electrophysiological activities of temporary storage can predict fluid intelligence after accounting for executive functions, and vice versa. Both executive attention and temporary storage were measured by two experimental tasks, while electroencephalographic data were collected simultaneously. Fluid intelligence was assessed by two established tests. To address previous inconsistencies due to small sample sizes, a relatively large sample of young adults (N = 136) was recruited. The results revealed that participants with lower fluid intelligence displayed larger P3 amplitudes in the executive functions and temporary storage tasks compared to those with higher fluid intelligence. Additionally, the amplitudes of frontal and parietal P3s elicited by both executive functions and temporary storage significantly predicted fluid intelligence. Interestingly, the frontal and parietal P3s associated with temporary storage predicted fluid intelligence beyond the contributions of executive functions, supporting the storage account of individual differences in fluid intelligence. This study provides an original and fresh understanding of how executive functions and temporary storage contribute to fluid intelligence, offering new insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Jia
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Karl Schweizer
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xuezhu Ren
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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Scheuble V, Bertram FE, Beauducel A. Conditions affecting the association of general trait-anxiety with the ERN-Ne. Front Psychol 2022; 13:871443. [PMID: 36033014 PMCID: PMC9404500 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.871443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERN-Ne of the event-related potential indicates error monitoring. Even though enlarged ERN-Ne amplitudes have often been related to higher anxiety scores, a recent meta-analysis provided very small effect sizes for the association of trait-anxiety with the ERN-Ne. Conditions modulating this association were investigated in the present study: (1) The generality of the trait-anxiety factor, (2) gender, and (3) experimental conditions, i.e., worry induction and error aversiveness. Participants (48% men) completed a flanker task. Worries were induced before the task by giving participants (n = 61) a bogus feedback claiming their responses were slower than the average responses of participants, whereas other participants (n = 61) got the feedback that they responded as fast as other participants. Aversiveness of errors was varied by playing sinus tones after too slow responses in one part of the task (no-scream condition) and aversive screams after too slow responses in another part (scream condition). Increased ERN-Ne amplitudes of response time errors occurred for individuals higher on trait-anxiety in the condition with induced worries and screams. A multiple group model for women and men indicated that women are more sensitive to conditions altering the association of trait-anxiety with the ERN-Ne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Scheuble
- Department of Methods and Diagnostics, Institute of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Vera Scheuble,
| | - Fee-Elisabeth Bertram
- Department of Psychological Assessment and Differential Psychology, Insitute of Psychology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - André Beauducel
- Department of Methods and Diagnostics, Institute of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Leue A, Beauducel A. A facet theory approach for the psychometric measurement of conflict monitoring. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hong JC, Lee YF, Ye JH. Procrastination predicts online self-regulated learning and online learning ineffectiveness during the coronavirus lockdown. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 174:110673. [PMID: 33551531 PMCID: PMC7846229 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During the lockdown due to SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus lockdown), there has been a tremendous increase in the number of students taking online courses. Few studies, however, have examined the individual dispositions that influence self-regulated online learning during the coronavirus lockdown. To address this gap, the present study explored the ineffectiveness of online learning and examined how it can be predicted by self-regulated online learning and participants' procrastination disposition. Data of 433 participants were collected and subjected to confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling. The results indicated that procrastination is negatively related to 6 sub-constructs of self-regulated online learning: task strategy, mood adjustment, self-evaluation, environmental structure, time management, and help-seeking. These sub-constructs were negatively related to the learners' perceived ineffectiveness of online learning. However, the relationship between perceived learning ineffectiveness and environmental structure or help-seeking was weaker than that with task strategy or mood adjustment, indicating that the latter two subtypes of self-regulated online learning should be considered before students engage in online learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Chao Hong
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei 106209, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei 106209, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Lee
- Department of Industrial Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei 106209, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Hong Ye
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei 106209, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No.162, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei 106209, Taiwan
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Leue A, Nieden K, Scheuble V, Beauducel A. Individual differences of conflict monitoring and feedback processing during reinforcement learning in a mock forensic context. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:408-426. [PMID: 32043207 PMCID: PMC7105439 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated individual differences of conflict monitoring (N2 component), feedback processing (feedback negativity component), and reinforcement learning in a discrimination learning task using a mock (fictitious) forensic scenario to set participants in a semantic task context. We investigated individual differences of anxiety-related, impulsivity-related traits and reasoning ability during trial-and-error learning of mock suspect and nonsuspect faces. Thereby, we asked how the differential investment of cognitive-motivational processes facilitates learning in a mock forensic context. As learning can be studied by means of time-on-task effects (i.e., variations of cognitive processes across task blocks), we investigated the differential investment of cognitive-motivational processes block-wise in N = 100 participants. By performing structural equation modeling, we demonstrate that conflict monitoring decreased across task blocks, whereas the percentage of correct responses increased across task blocks. Individuals with higher reasoning scores and higher impulsivity-related traits relied rather on feedback processing (i.e., external indicators) during reinforcement learning. Individuals with higher anxiety-related traits intensified their conflict monitoring throughout the task to learn successfully. Observation by relevant others intensified conflict monitoring more than nonobservation. Our data highlight that individual differences and social context modulate the intensity of information processing in a discrimination learning task using a mock forensic task scenario. We discuss our data with regard to recent cognitive-motivational approaches and in terms of reinforcement learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Leue
- Institute of Psychology, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 75, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Katharina Nieden
- Institute of Psychology, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 75, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vera Scheuble
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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