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Fernández-García R, Melguizo-Ibáñez E, Zurita-Ortega F, Ubago-Jiménez JL. Development and validation of a mental hyperactivity questionnaire for the evaluation of chronic stress in higher education. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:392. [PMID: 39010177 PMCID: PMC11251370 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examination and understanding of neural hyperactivity are some of the greatest scientific challenges faced in the present day. For this reason, the present study aimed to examine this phenomenon in the context of higher education. METHOD Likewise, this work will enable an instrument to be created to appropriately and reliably estimate neural hyperactivity associated with chronic stress in university students undertaking a Physiotherapy degree. RESULTS Analysis of content validity was carried out according to agreement and consensus between nineteen experts with Education Science or Psychology degrees, via the Delphi method. On the other hand, face validity was established by administering the questionnaire to a sample of 194 university students aged between 18 and 45 years (M = 30.48%; SD = 13.152). CONCLUSION The final self-report measure, denominated mental hyperactivity, was composed of 10 items which showed adequate fit with regards to face and content validity (α = 0.775). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the questionnaire was unidimensional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-García
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, Carretera Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Artistic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
| | - Félix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Artistic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - José Luis Ubago-Jiménez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Artistic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
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Wang H, Wang W, Gao X, Wu D, Lu Q, Li C, Zheng S, Wang H. Effects of Postural Resonance on Skin Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure: A Pilot Study Evaluating Vascular Tone Baroreflex Stimulation Through Biofeedback. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024; 49:205-218. [PMID: 38159163 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-023-09614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Heart rate and vascular tension baroreflex exhibit resonance characteristics at approximately 0.1 and 0.03 Hz. In this study, we aimed to induce postural resonance (PR) through rhythmic postural adjustments. To assess the viability of this technique, we investigated the acute impacts of postural resonance on blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity, and mood. Fifteen healthy study participants, consisting of 8 males and 7 females, were selected for this self-controlled study. Skin sympathetic nerve activity was continuously monitored during both the intervention and stress test on the experimental day. After PR intervention, the diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the PR group exhibited significant reductions compared to the CON group (P = 0.032, CON = 71.67 ± 2.348, PR = 64.08 ± 2.35; P = 0.041, CON = 75.00 ± 2.17, PR = 81.67 ± 2.17). After PR intervention both left brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and right brachial ankle pulse wave velocity exhibited a significant reduction compared to pre-intervention levels (from 1115.86 ± 150.08 to 1048.43 ± 127.40 cm/s, p < 0.001; 1103.86 ± 144.35 to 1060.43 ± 121.35 cm/s, p = 0.018). PR intervention also led to a significant decrease in burst frequency and duration (P = 0.049; CON = 8.96 ± 1.17, PR = 5.51 ± 1.17) and a noteworthy decrease in burst amplitude and burst threshold during the cold-pressor test (P = 0.002; P = 0.002). Additionally, VAS scores exhibited a substantial increase following PR (P = 0.035, CON = 28.4 ± 4.49, PR = 42.17 ± 4.10). PR can induce resonance effects within the cardiovascular system, resulting in the effective reduction of blood pressure, skin sympathetic nerve activity and pulse wave velocity, and decreased burst amplitude and burst threshold of the sympathetic nerve during the cold-pressor test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Sports Rehabilitation Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wendi Wang
- Sports Rehabilitation Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Gao
- Sports Rehabilitation Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Dongzhe Wu
- Sports Rehabilitation Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiaopei Lu
- Sports Training Center, Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chuangtao Li
- Sports Rehabilitation Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Sainan Zheng
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoruo Wang
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Galin S, Keren H. The Predictive Potential of Heart Rate Variability for Depression. Neuroscience 2024; 546:88-103. [PMID: 38513761 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV),a measure of the fluctuations in the intervals between consecutive heartbeats, is an indicator of changes in the autonomic nervous system. A chronic reduction in HRV has been repeatedly linked to clinical depression. However, the chronological and mechanistic aspects of this relationship, between the neural, physiological, and psychopathological levels, remain unclear. In this review we present evidence by which changes in HRV might precede the onset of depression. We describe several pathways that can facilitate this relationship. First, we examine a theoretical model of the impact of autonomic imbalance on HRV and its role in contributing to mood dysregulation and depression. We then highlight brain regions that are regulating both HRV and emotion, suggesting these neural regions, and the Insula in particular, as potential mediators of this relationship. We also present additional possible mediating mechanisms involving the immune system and inflammation processes. Lastly, we support this model by showing evidence that modification of HRV with biofeedback leads to an improvement in some symptoms of depression. The possibility that changes in HRV precede the onset of depression is critical to put to the test, not only because it could provide insights into the mechanisms of the illness but also because it may offer a predictive anddiagnosticphysiological marker for depression. Importantly, it could also help to develop new effective clinical interventions for treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Galin
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hanna Keren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Goheen J, Anderson JAE, Zhang J, Northoff G. From Lung to Brain: Respiration Modulates Neural and Mental Activity. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1577-1590. [PMID: 37285017 PMCID: PMC10533478 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiration protocols have been developed to manipulate mental states, including their use for therapeutic purposes. In this systematic review, we discuss evidence that respiration may play a fundamental role in coordinating neural activity, behavior, and emotion. The main findings are: (1) respiration affects the neural activity of a wide variety of regions in the brain; (2) respiration modulates different frequency ranges in the brain's dynamics; (3) different respiration protocols (spontaneous, hyperventilation, slow or resonance respiration) yield different neural and mental effects; and (4) the effects of respiration on the brain are related to concurrent modulation of biochemical (oxygen delivery, pH) and physiological (cerebral blood flow, heart rate variability) variables. We conclude that respiration may be an integral rhythm of the brain's neural activity. This provides an intimate connection of respiration with neuro-mental features like emotion. A respiratory-neuro-mental connection holds the promise for a brain-based therapeutic usage of respiration in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Goheen
- The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - John A E Anderson
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Georg Northoff
- The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada
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Lee JY, Choi CH, Park M, Park S, Choi JS. Enhanced resting-state EEG source functional connectivity within the default mode and reward-salience networks in internet gaming disorder. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2189-2197. [PMID: 35193713 PMCID: PMC9386438 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two key mechanisms affected by internet gaming disorder (IGD) are cognitive and reward processing. Despite their significance, little is known about neurophysiological features as determined using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) source functional connectivity (FC). METHODS We compared resting-state EEG source FC within the default mode network (DMN) and reward/salience network (RSN) between patients with IGD and healthy controls (HCs) to identify neurophysiological markers associated with cognitive and reward processing. A total of 158 young male adults (79 patients with IGD and 79 HCs) were included, and the source FC of the DMN and RSN in five spectral bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) were assessed. RESULTS Patients with IGD showed increased theta, alpha, and beta connectivity within the DMN between the orbitofrontal cortex and parietal regions compared with HCs. In terms of RSN, patients with IGD exhibited elevated alpha and beta connectivity between the anterior cingulate gyrus and temporal regions compared with HCs. Furthermore, patients with IGD showed negative correlations between the severity of IGD symptoms and/or weekly gaming time and theta and alpha connectivity within the DMN and theta, alpha, and beta connectivity within the RSN. However, the duration of IGD was not associated with EEG source FC. CONCLUSIONS Hyper-connectivities within the DMN and RSN may be considered potential state markers associated with symptom severity and gaming time in IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Whittle RS, Keller N, Hall EA, Vellore HS, Stapleton LM, Findlay KH, Dunbar BJ, Diaz‐Artiles A. Gravitational Dose‐Response Curves for Acute Cardiovascular Hemodynamics and Autonomic Responses in a Tilt Paradigm. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024175. [PMID: 35861832 PMCID: PMC9707822 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background
The cardiovascular system is strongly dependent on the gravitational environment. Gravitational changes cause mechanical fluid shifts and, in turn, autonomic effectors influence systemic circulation and cardiac control. We implemented a tilt paradigm to (1) investigate the acute hemodynamic response across a range of directions of the gravitational vector, and (2) to generate specific dose‐response relationships of this gravitational dependency.
Methods and Results
Twelve male subjects were tilted from 45° head‐up tilt to 45° head‐down tilt in 15° increments, in both supine and prone postures. We measured the steady‐state hemodynamic response in a range of variables including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, oxygen consumption, total peripheral resistance, blood pressure, and autonomic indices derived from heart rate variability analysis. There is a strong gravitational dependence in almost all variables considered, with the exception of oxygen consumption, whereas systolic blood pressure remained controlled to within ≈3% across the tilt range. Hemodynamic responses are primarily driven by differential loading on the baroreflex receptors, combined with differences in venous return to the heart. Thorax compression in the prone position leads to reduced venous return and increased sympathetic nervous activity, raising heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance while lowering cardiac output and stroke volume.
Conclusions
Gravitational dose‐response curves generated from these data provide a comprehensive baseline from which to assess the efficacy of potential spaceflight countermeasures. Results also assist clinical management of terrestrial surgery in prone posture or head‐down tilt positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Whittle
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX
| | - Nathan Keller
- Department of Health and Kinesiology Texas A&M University College Station TX
| | - Eric A. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX
| | | | | | | | - Bonnie J. Dunbar
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX
| | - Ana Diaz‐Artiles
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX
- Department of Health and Kinesiology Texas A&M University College Station TX
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Sheridan DC, Baker S, Dehart R, Lin A, Hansen M, Tereshchenko LG, Le N, Newgard CD, Nagel B. Heart Rate Variability and Its Ability to Detect Worsening Suicidality in Adolescents: A Pilot Trial of Wearable Technology. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:928-935. [PMID: 34555890 PMCID: PMC8542751 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death in adolescence, and acute pediatric mental health emergency department (ED) visits have doubled in the past decade. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiologic parameters relationship to suicide severity. METHODS This was a prospective, observational study from April 2018 thru November 2019 in a tertiary care pediatric emergency department (ED) and inpatient pediatric psychiatric unit enrolling acutely suicidal adolescent patients. Patients wore a wrist device that used photoplethysmography for 7 days during their acute hospitalization to measure heart rate variability (HRV). During that time, Columbia Suicide Severity Scores (CSSRS) were assessed at 3 time points. RESULTS There was complete device data and follow-up for 51 patients. There was an increase in the high frequency (HF) component of HRV in patients that had a 25% or greater decrease in their CSSRS (mean difference 11.89 ms/ Hz ; p-value 0.005). Patients with a CSSRS≥15 on day of enrollment had a lower, although not statistically significant, HF component (mean difference -8.34 ms/ Hz; p-value 0.071). CONCLUSION We found an inverse correlation between parasympathetic activity measured through the HF component and suicidality in an acutely suicidal population of adolescents. Wearable technology may have the ability to improve outpatient monitoring for earlier detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Sheridan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA.,Center of Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA
| | - Steven Baker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA.,Alpha Bravo Connectivity, LLC, Oregon, USA
| | - Ryan Dehart
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA
| | - Amber Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA.,Center of Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA
| | - Matthew Hansen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA.,Center of Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA
| | - Larisa G Tereshchenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA
| | - Nancy Le
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA.,Center of Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA
| | - Craig D Newgard
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA.,Center of Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA
| | - Bonnie Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA
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Substance Use and Addiction Affect More Than the Brain: the Promise of Neurocardiac Interventions. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021; 8:431-439. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Szulczewski MT. Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Combined With Slow Breathing: Speculations on Potential Applications and Technical Considerations. Neuromodulation 2021; 25:380-394. [PMID: 35396070 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a relatively novel noninvasive neurostimulation method that is believed to mimic the effects of invasive cervical VNS. It has recently been suggested that the effectiveness of taVNS can be enhanced by combining it with controlled slow breathing. Slow breathing modulates the activity of the vagus nerve and is used in behavioral medicine to decrease psychophysiological arousal. Based on studies that examine the effects of taVNS and slow breathing separately, this article speculates on some of the conditions in which this combination treatment may prove effective. Furthermore, based on findings from studies on the optimization of taVNS and slow breathing, this article provides guidance on how to combine taVNS with slow breathing. MATERIALS AND METHODS A nonsystematic review. RESULTS Both taVNS and slow breathing are considered promising add-on therapeutic approaches for anxiety and depressive disorders, chronic pain, cardiovascular diseases, and insomnia. Therefore, taVNS combined with slow breathing may produce additive or even synergistic beneficial effects in these conditions. Studies on respiratory-gated taVNS during spontaneous breathing suggest that taVNS should be delivered during expiration. Therefore, this article proposes to use taVNS as a breathing pacer to indicate when and for how long to exhale during slow breathing exercises. CONCLUSIONS Combining taVNS with slow breathing seems to be a promising hybrid neurostimulation and behavioral intervention.
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Park SM, Jeong B, Oh DY, Choi CH, Jung HY, Lee JY, Lee D, Choi JS. Identification of Major Psychiatric Disorders From Resting-State Electroencephalography Using a Machine Learning Approach. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:707581. [PMID: 34483999 PMCID: PMC8416434 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.707581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) classifier to detect and compare major psychiatric disorders using electroencephalography (EEG). We retrospectively collected data from medical records, intelligence quotient (IQ) scores from psychological assessments, and quantitative EEG (QEEG) at resting-state assessments from 945 subjects [850 patients with major psychiatric disorders (six large-categorical and nine specific disorders) and 95 healthy controls (HCs)]. A combination of QEEG parameters including power spectrum density (PSD) and functional connectivity (FC) at frequency bands was used to establish models for the binary classification between patients with each disorder and HCs. The support vector machine, random forest, and elastic net ML methods were applied, and prediction performances were compared. The elastic net model with IQ adjustment showed the highest accuracy. The best feature combinations and classification accuracies for discrimination between patients and HCs with adjusted IQ were as follows: schizophrenia = alpha PSD, 93.83%; trauma and stress-related disorders = beta FC, 91.21%; anxiety disorders = whole band PSD, 91.03%; mood disorders = theta FC, 89.26%; addictive disorders = theta PSD, 85.66%; and obsessive-compulsive disorder = gamma FC, 74.52%. Our findings suggest that ML in EEG may predict major psychiatric disorders and provide an objective index of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Mi Park
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boram Jeong
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da Young Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghwan Lee
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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