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Ji D, Song C, Li Y, Xia J, Wu Y, Jia J, Cui X, Yu S, Gu J. Combination of radiotherapy and suppression of Tregs enhances abscopal antitumor effect and inhibits metastasis in rectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-000826. [PMID: 33106387 PMCID: PMC7592256 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distant metastasis is the major cause of mortality in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Local radiotherapy can trigger an abscopal response to metastatic tumor cells. However, the abscopal effect is a rare event. CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cell is a highly immune-suppressive subset which impedes immune surveillance against cancer, prevents the development of effective antitumor immunity and promotes tumor progression. We assume that the exploitation of the proimmunogenic effects of radiotherapy with anti-CD25 or anti-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (anti-CTLA4) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may enhance the local and abscopal effects in rectal cancer and improve the therapeutic outcome. Methods mRNA expression profiling of 81 pretreatment biopsy samples from LARC patients who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy (nRT) was performed to analyze the correlation between gene expression and prognosis. A retrospective analysis of patients with rectal cancer with distant metastasis or synchronous extracolonic cancers was performed to evaluate the abscopal effect of radiotherapy on rectal cancer. Two different dual-tumor mouse models were established to investigate the efficacy of single dose and dose-fractionated radiotherapy combined with anti-CD25 or anti-CTLA4 and anti-Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (anti-PD1) mAbs on the local tumor growth and liver metastasis. The univariate Cox regression analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett’s test, a mixed-effect linear model and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to calculate p values. Results The proportion of Tregs in pre-nRT biopsies was negatively correlated with prognosis (p=0.007). The retrospective analysis showed that regressing liver metastases were infiltrated by CD8+ T cells. In contrast, stable/progressing metastases and synchronous extracolonic cancers were characterized by PD1+ T cells and Tregs infiltration. Animal experiment results demonstrated that the combination of radiotherapy and anti-CD25/CTLA4 mAb resulted in a significant increase in CD8+ T cells and CD8+/CD4+ ratio in primary and secondary tumors compared with the irradiation alone group (all p<0.05 or p<0.01). The combined treatment was able to decrease Tregs, PD1+CD8+ and PD1+CD4+ T cells (p<0.05), suppress locally irradiated and distal unirradiated tumor growth, and improve overall survival rate. Radiotherapy in conjunction with anti-CTLA4 reduced liver metastasis (p<0.05). Conclusions These data indicated that radiotherapy plus depletion of Tregs was able to improve the antitumor response and generate an abscopal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengbo Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Can Song
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University, Bejing, China
| | - Yongheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jinying Jia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Songmao Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University, Bejing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University S.G. Hospital, Beijing, China
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Bajic D, Chester K, Neri D. An Antibody-Tumor Necrosis Factor Fusion Protein that Synergizes with Oxaliplatin for Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2554-2563. [PMID: 32999042 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned and characterized a novel fusion protein (Sm3E-TNF), consisting of the mAb, S 6m3E, in single-chain Fv fragment format, fused to murine TNF. The protein, which was expressed in mammalian cells and purified as a noncovalent stable homotrimer, bound to the cognate carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and retained TNF activity. A quantitative biodistribution experiment, performed in immunocompetent mice with CT26 colon carcinomas transfected with human CEA, revealed that Sm3E-TNF was able to preferentially accumulate in the tumors with excellent selectivity (tumor:blood ratio = 56:1, 24 hours after intravenous administration). The fusion protein mediated a rapid hemorrhagic necrosis of a large portion of the tumor mass, but a rim survived and eventually regrew. Surprisingly, the combination of Sm3E-TNF with 5-fluorouracil led to a reduction of therapeutic activity, while a combination with oxaliplatin led to a prolonged stabilization, with complete tumor eradication in 40% of treated mice. These therapy results were confirmed in a second immunocompetent mouse model of colorectal cancer (CEA-transfected C51 tumors) and provide a rationale for the possible clinical use of oxaliplatin in combination with fully human antibody-TNF fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Bajic
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kerry Chester
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland.
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Hu Y, Cao JJ, Liu P, Guo DH, Wang YP, Yin J, Zhu Y, Rahman K. Protective Role of Tea Polyphenols in Combination against Radiation-induced Haematopoietic and Biochemical Alterations in Mice. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1761-9. [PMID: 21452375 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Centre of Pharmacy; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing; 100853; China
| | - Jing-Jing Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Centre of Pharmacy; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing; 100853; China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Centre of Pharmacy; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing; 100853; China
| | - Dai-Hong Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Centre of Pharmacy; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing; 100853; China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Centre of Pharmacy; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing; 100853; China
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Centre of Pharmacy; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing; 100853; China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Centre of Pharmacy; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing; 100853; China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- Faculty of Science; School of Biomolecular Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street; Liverpool; L3 3AF; UK
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You WC, Lin WC, Huang JT, Hsieh CC. Indigowood root extract protects hematopoietic cells, reduces tissue damage and modulates inflammatory cytokines after total-body irradiation: does Indirubin play a role in radioprotection? PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:1105-1111. [PMID: 19589667 PMCID: PMC7126534 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Radix of Isatis indigotica (indigowood root, IR) has been used in traditional medicine for its potential anti-inflammatory effect. The purpose of this study is to investigate the radioprotective effects of radiation caused damages in hematopoietic system and normal tissues in mice. A total of 57 BALB/c mice were randomized into six treatment groups: control, IR treatment (0.195, 0.585 and 1.170 g/kg, p.o. daily), L-glutamine (0.520 g/kg) and sham group. All mice except the sham group were irradiated and then administered for one week. The radioprotective effect on hematopoietic system, serum cytokines, and intestinal toxicity was studied. Protective effects on spleen and thymus are found in IR-treated groups. IR assisted in restoration of leukocytopenia after whole mice irradiation with significant reduction of serum TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6. These enhancements of hematopoietic effects are due to an increase in the serum G-CSF concentration in IR treated groups. In histopathological assessment, significant improvement of intestine toxicity is observed in high-dose IR and L-glutamine group. Evidences show that IR has potentials to be a radioprotector, especially in recovery of hematopoietic system, reduction of inflammatory cytokines and intestinal toxicity. Indirubin may play a crucial role, but the underlying mechanism is not very clear and warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weir Chiang You
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lin Shin Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen Chuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia Tsz Huang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang Chi Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, No. 181, Section 3, Taichung Harbor Road, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
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You WC, Hsieh CC, Huang JT. Effect of Extracts from Indigowood Root (Isatis indigotica Fort.) on Immune Responses in Radiation-Induced Mucositis. J Altern Complement Med 2009; 15:771-8. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2008.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weir Chiang You
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chan Hospital, Chang-Hwa, Taiwan
| | - Chang Chi Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia Tsz Huang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Death ligands designed to kill: development and application of targeted cancer therapeutics based on proapoptotic TNF family ligands. Results Probl Cell Differ 2009; 49:241-73. [PMID: 19142623 DOI: 10.1007/400_2008_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The identification of molecular markers associated with cancer development or progression, opened a new era in the development of therapeutics. The successful introduction of a few low molecular weight chemicals and recombinant protein therapeutics with targeted actions into clinical practice have raised great expectations to broadly improve cancer therapy with respect to both overall clinical responses and tolerability. Targeting the apoptotic machinery of malignant cells is an attractive concept to combat cancer, which is currently exploited for the proapoptotic members of the TNF ligand family at various stages of preclinical and clinical development. This review summarizes recent progress in this rapidly progressing field of "biologic" therapies targeting the death receptors of TNF, CD95L, and TRAIL by means of its cognate protein ligands, receptor specific antibodies, and gene therapeutic approaches. Preclinical data on newly derived variants and fusion proteins based on these death ligands, designed to act in a tumor restricted manner, thereby preventing a systemic, potentially harmful action, will also be discussed.
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Larbouret C, Robert B, Linard C, Teulon I, Gourgou S, Bibeau F, Martineau P, Santoro L, Pouget JP, Pelegrin A, Azria D. Radiocurability by targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha using a bispecific antibody in carcinoembryonic antigen transgenic mice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 69:1231-7. [PMID: 17967312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) enhances radiotherapy (RT) killing of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. To overcome systemic side effects, we used a bispecific antibody (BsAb) directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and TNF-alpha to target this cytokine in a CEA-expressing colon carcinoma. We report the evaluation of this strategy in immunocompetent CEA-transgenic mice. METHODS AND MATERIALS The murine CEA-transfected colon carcinoma MC-38 was used for all experiments. In vitro, clonogenic assays were performed after RT alone, TNF-alpha alone, and RT plus TNF-alpha. In vivo, the mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups: control, TNF-alpha, BsAb, BsAb plus TNF-alpha, RT, RT plus TNF-alpha, and RT plus BsAb plus TNF-alpha. Measurements of endogenous TNF-alpha mRNA levels and evaluation of necrosis (histologic evaluation) were assessed per treatment group. RESULTS In vitro, combined RT plus TNF-alpha resulted in a significant decrease in the survival fraction at 2 Gy compared with RT alone (p < 0.00001). In vivo, we observed a complete response in 5 (50%) of 10, 2 (20%) of 10, 2 (18.2%) of 11, and 0 (0%) of 12 treated mice in the RT plus BsAb plus TNF-alpha, RT plus TNF-alpha, RT alone, and control groups, respectively. This difference was statistically significant when TNF-alpha was targeted with the BsAb (p = 0.03). The addition of exogenous TNF-alpha to RT significantly increased the endogenous TNF-alpha mRNA level, particularly when TNF-alpha was targeted with BsAb (p < 0.01). The percentages of necrotic area were significantly augmented in the RT plus BsAb plus TNF-alpha group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that targeting TNF-alpha with the BsAb provokes RT curability in a CEA-expressing digestive tumor syngenic model and could be considered as a solid rationale for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Larbouret
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CRLC Val d'Aurelle-Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
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