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Ratnakumaran R, Mohajer J, Withey SJ, H. Brand D, Lee E, Loblaw A, Tolan S, van As N, Tree AC. Developing and validating a simple urethra surrogate model to facilitate dosimetric analysis to predict genitourinary toxicity. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 46:100769. [PMID: 38586079 PMCID: PMC10998036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2024.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The urethra is a critical structure in prostate radiotherapy planning; however, it is impossible to visualise on CT. We developed a surrogate urethra model (SUM) for CT-only planning workflow and tested its geometric and dosimetric performance against the MRI-delineated urethra (MDU). Methods The SUM was compared against 34 different MDUs (within the treatment PTV) in patients treated with 36.25Gy (PTV)/40Gy (CTV) in 5 fractions as part of the PACE-B trial. To assess the surrogate's geometric performance, the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance (HD), mean distance to agreement (MDTA) and the percentage of MDU outside the surrogate (UOS) were calculated. To evaluate the dosimetric performance, a paired t-test was used to calculate the mean of differences between the MDU and SUM for the D99, D98, D50, D2 and D1. The D(n) is the dose (Gy) to n% of the urethra. Results The median results showed low agreement on DSC (0.32; IQR 0.21-0.41), but low distance to agreement, as would be expected for a small structure (HD 8.4mm (IQR 7.1-10.1mm), MDTA 2.4mm (IQR, 2.2mm-3.2mm)). The UOS was 30% (IQR, 18-54%), indicating nearly a third of the urethra lay outside of the surrogate. However, when comparing urethral dose between the MDU and SUM, the mean of differences for D99, D98 and D95 were 0.12Gy (p=0.57), 0.09Gy (p=0.61), and 0.11Gy (p=0.46) respectively. The mean of differences between the D50, D2 and D1 were 0.08Gy (p=0.04), 0.09Gy (p=0.02) and 0.1Gy (p=0.01) respectively, indicating good dosimetric agreement between MDU and SUM. Conclusion While there were geometric differences between the MDU and SUM, there was no clinically significant difference between urethral dose-volume parameters. This surrogate model could be validated in a larger cohort and then used to estimate the urethral dose on CT planning scans in those without an MRI planning scan or urinary catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragu Ratnakumaran
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | - Douglas H. Brand
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, UK
| | - Ernest Lee
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaun Tolan
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicholas van As
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alison C. Tree
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - on behalf of the PACE Trial Investigators
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, UK
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, UK
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Dekura Y, Nishioka K, Hashimoto T, Miyamoto N, Suzuki R, Yoshimura T, Matsumoto R, Osawa T, Abe T, Ito YM, Shinohara N, Shirato H, Shimizu S. The urethral position may shift due to urethral catheter placement in the treatment planning for prostate radiation therapy. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:226. [PMID: 31831045 PMCID: PMC6909476 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the best method to contour the planning organ at risk volume (PRV) for the urethra, this study aimed to investigate the displacement of a Foley catheter in the urethra with a soft and thin guide-wire. METHODS For each patient, the study used two sets of computed tomography (CT) images for radiation treatment planning (RT-CT): (1) set with a Foley urethral catheter (4.0 mm diameter) plus a guide-wire (0.46 mm diameter) in the first RT-CT and (2) set with a guide-wire alone in the second CT recorded 2 min after the first RT-CT. Using three fiducial markers in the prostate for image fusion, the displacement between the catheter and the guide-wire in the prostatic urethra was calculated. In 155 consecutive patients treated between 2011 and 2017, 5531 slices of RT-CT were evaluated. RESULTS Assuming that ≥3.0 mm of difference between the catheter and the guide-wire position was a significant displacement, the urethra with the catheter was displaced significantly from the urethra with the guide-wire alone in > 20% of the RT-CT slices in 23.2% (36/155) of the patients. The number of patients who showed ≥3.0 mm anterior displacement with the catheter in ≥20% RT-CT slices was significantly larger at the superior segment (38/155) than at the middle (14/155) and inferior segments (18/155) of the prostatic urethra (p < 0.0167). CONCLUSIONS The urethral position with a Foley catheter is different from the urethral position with a thin and soft guide-wire in a significant proportion of the patients. This should be taken into account for the PRV of the urethra to ensure precise radiotherapy such as in urethra-sparing radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Dekura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15, West-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nishioka
- Department of Radiation Medical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15, West-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Hashimoto
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15, West-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.,Global Station for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Global Institute for Cooperative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, North-15, West-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyamoto
- Global Station for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Global Institute for Cooperative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, North-15, West-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Medical Physics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North-14, West-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Suzuki
- Department of Medical Physics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North-14, West-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yoshimura
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ryuji Matsumoto
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15, West-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osawa
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15, West-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takashige Abe
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15, West-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Department of Statistical Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-0014, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15, West-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shirato
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15, West-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.,Global Station for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Global Institute for Cooperative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, North-15, West-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shinichi Shimizu
- Department of Radiation Medical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15, West-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.,Global Station for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Global Institute for Cooperative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, North-15, West-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
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Pinkawa M, Holy R, Piroth MD, Klotz J, Pfister D, Heidenreich A, Eble MJ. Urinary morbidity after permanent prostate brachytherapy - impact of dose to the urethra vs. sources placed in close vicinity to the urethra. Radiother Oncol 2012; 103:247-51. [PMID: 22300607 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The impact of the dose to the urethra and sources placed close to the urethra on urinary morbidity after permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) is not well known. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-nine patients were surveyed prospectively before treatment (A), 1 month after (B) and > 1 year after PPB (C) using a validated questionnaire (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite). Computed tomography (CT) postimplant scans were performed at days 1 (Foley catheter in situ) and 30 after PPB and sources within 5mm of the urethra at day 1 were identified. RESULTS As opposed to the urethral dose-volume histogram, a larger number of sources within 5mm of the urethra at day 1 predicted significantly larger urinary bother score changes at times B and C - with an impact on incontinence and frequency (e.g. moderate/big problem with leaking urine in 25% vs. 3%, p = 0.02; moderate/big problem with frequent urination in 33% vs. 7%, p < 0.01, at time C with vs. without ≥ 3 sources in a single strand placed close to the urethra). CONCLUSIONS Placement of sources with a minimum distance of a few mm to the urethra should be a major aim to avoid urinary morbidity irrespective of the urethral dose-volume histogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pinkawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Shirvani SM, Kudchadker RJ, Bruno TL, Likhacheva A, Swanson DA, Frank SJ. Impact of urinary catheterization on dosimetry after prostate implant brachytherapy with palladium-103 or iodine-125. Brachytherapy 2011; 10:269-74. [PMID: 21296031 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative dosimetry is integral to quality assurance for prostate brachytherapy. Images on Day 0 are typically obtained with a contrast-filled urinary catheter in place for urethral dose calculations. However, expansion of the urethra and perhaps the prostate by the catheter may affect target coverage. We assessed the effect of urinary catheterization on target dosimetry after implantation with palladium-103 ((103)Pd) or iodine-125 ((125)I) seeds. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients were 29 consecutive men with postimplant dosimetry calculated with and without a urinary catheter after brachytherapy seed implantation; 19 patients received (103)Pd seeds and 10 patients received (125)I seeds. In each case, 14-French caude tip urinary catheters were placed before implantation, and axial CT slices of the pelvis were obtained before and after catheter removal for postimplant dosimetry. Dosimetric parameters were measured and compared with paired Student's t tests. Trends were assessed by linear regression with the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS Removal of the urinary catheter significantly improved V(100) and D(90) for (103)Pd implants (mean±standard deviation (SD), 2.7%±4.2%; range, -0.4% to 15%; p=0.011 and mean±SD, 4.0%±3.4%; range, -0.1% to 13.8%; p<0.01, respectively). For (125)I implants, catheter removal improved D(90) (mean±SD, 1.5%±1.8%; range, -1.3% to 4.2%; p=0.027). For the (103)Pd group, the magnitude of change in V(100) correlated with prostate size (R(2)=0.16) and source number (R(2)=0.15). CONCLUSIONS Urinary catheterization can artificially reduce target coverage after prostate implant brachytherapy. The patients undergoing (103)Pd implantation with smaller (<30cm(3)) prostates and fewer (<90) sources are particularly susceptible to reduced D(90) and V(100) when a urinary catheter is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin M Shirvani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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