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Bai J, Xiao L, Tao Z, Cao B, Han Y, Fan W, Kong X, Ma X, Gao Y, Bi L, Chen W, Shi B, Liu X. Ectopic expression of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 2 in glioma and enhances resistance to apoptosis through activating nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of B cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4391-4399. [PMID: 30214574 PMCID: PMC6126155 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) is one of the most important tumorigenic factors. Although it has been established that NF-κB is overly activated in human glioma cells, the molecular mechanisms that lead to the signal transduction to NF-κB and thereby the induction of resistance to apoptosis remain poorly understood. The present study demonstrated that mRNA and protein levels of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 2 (MIB2) were markedly upregulated in glioma cell lines and clinical samples. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed high levels of MIB2 expression in glioma specimens. Ectopic overexpression of MIB2 was established in glioma cell lines to investigate its fundamental roles in the response of human glioma to apoptotic inducers. The results indicated that ultraviolet irradiation-induced cell apoptosis was inhibited with MIB2 overexpression in glioma cells. Notably, knockdown of MIB2 using RNA interference was able to increase the sensitivity of glioma cells to the pro-apoptotic agents. The present study identified that MIB2 induces NF-κB activation and facilitates the resistance of glioma cell to apoptosis. It was proposed that MIB2 may not only be an important hallmark to glioma disease progression, but that it may also offer novel clinical strategies to overcome resistance to cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Bai
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China.,Experimental Animal Centre, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Li Xiao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Bingzhen Cao
- Experimental Animal Centre, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Han
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Wenmei Fan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xihui Ma
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Lili Bi
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Bingyi Shi
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 5188020, P.R. China
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Ghandhi SA, Ponnaiya B, Panigrahi SK, Hopkins KM, Cui Q, Hei TK, Amundson SA, Lieberman HB. RAD9 deficiency enhances radiation induced bystander DNA damage and transcriptomal response. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9:206. [PMID: 25234738 PMCID: PMC4261775 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-9-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation induced bystander effects are an important component of the overall response of cells to irradiation and are associated with human health risks. The mechanism responsible includes intra-cellular and inter-cellular signaling by which the bystander response is propagated. However, details of the signaling mechanism are not well defined. METHODS We measured the bystander response of Mrad9+/+ and Mrad9-/- mouse embryonic stem cells, as well as human H1299 cells with inherent or RNA interference-mediated reduced RAD9 levels after exposure to 1 Gy α particles, by scoring chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei formation, respectively. In addition, we used microarray gene expression analyses to profile the transcriptome of directly irradiated and bystander H1299 cells. RESULTS We demonstrated that Mrad9 null enhances chromatid aberration frequency induced by radiation in bystander mouse embryonic stem cells. In addition, we found that H1299 cells with reduced RAD9 protein levels showed a higher frequency of radiation induced bystander micronuclei formation, compared with parental cells containing inherent levels of RAD9. The enhanced bystander response in human cells was associated with a unique transcriptomic profile. In unirradiated cells, RAD9 reduction broadly affected stress response pathways at the mRNA level; there was reduction in transcript levels corresponding to genes encoding multiple members of the UVA-MAPK and p38MAPK families, such as STAT1 and PARP1, suggesting that these signaling mechanisms may not function optimally when RAD9 is reduced. Using network analysis, we found that differential activation of the SP1 and NUPR1 transcriptional regulators was predicted in directly irradiated and bystander H1299 cells. Transcription factor prediction analysis also implied that HIF1α (Hypoxia induced factor 1 alpha) activation by protein stabilization in irradiated cells could be a negative predictor of the bystander response, suggesting that local hypoxic stress experienced by cells directly exposed to radiation may influence whether or not they will elicit a bystander response in neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Howard B Lieberman
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Identification of gene expression biomarkers for predicting radiation exposure. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6293. [PMID: 25189756 PMCID: PMC4155333 DOI: 10.1038/srep06293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A need for more accurate and reliable radiation dosimetry has become increasingly important due to the possibility of a large-scale radiation emergency resulting from terrorism or nuclear accidents. Although traditional approaches provide accurate measurements, such methods usually require tedious effort and at least two days to complete. Therefore, we provide a new method for rapid prediction of radiation exposure. Eleven microarray datasets were classified into two groups based on their radiation doses and utilized as the training samples. For the two groups, Student's t-tests and resampling tests were used to identify biomarkers, and their gene expression ratios were used to develop a prediction model. The performance of the model was evaluated in four independent datasets, and Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to characterize the associated biological functions. Our meta-analysis identified 29 biomarkers, showing approximately 90% and 80% accuracy in the training and validation samples. Furthermore, the 29 genes significantly participated in the regulation of cell cycle, and 19 of them are regulated by three well-known radiation-modulated transcription factors: TP53, FOXM1 and ERBB2. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a reliable method for identifying biomarkers across independent studies and high and reproducible prediction accuracy was demonstrated in both internal and external datasets.
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Halvorsen AR, Helland A, Fleischer T, Haug KM, Grenaker Alnaes GI, Nebdal D, Syljuåsen RG, Touleimat N, Busato F, Tost J, Saetersdal AB, Børresen-Dale AL, Kristensen V, Edvardsen H. Differential DNA methylation analysis of breast cancer reveals the impact of immune signaling in radiation therapy. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2085-95. [PMID: 24658971 PMCID: PMC4298788 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a central treatment modality for breast cancer patients. The purpose of our study was to investigate the DNA methylation changes in tumors following RT, and to identify epigenetic markers predicting treatment outcome. Paired biopsies from patients with inoperable breast cancer were collected both before irradiation (n = 20) and after receiving 10-24 Gray (Gy) (n = 19). DNA methylation analysis was performed by using Illumina Infinium 27K arrays. Fourteen genes were selected for technical validation by pyrosequencing. Eighty-two differentially methylated genes were identified in irradiated (n = 11) versus nonirradiated (n = 19) samples (false discovery rate, FDR = 1.1%). Methylation levels in pathways belonging to the immune system were most altered after RT. Based on methylation levels before irradiation, a panel of five genes (H2AFY, CTSA, LTC4S, IL5RA and RB1) were significantly associated with clinical response (p = 0.041). Furthermore, the degree of methylation changes for 2,516 probes correlated with the given radiation dose. Within the 2,516 probes, an enrichment for pathways involved in cellular immune response, proliferation and apoptosis was identified (FDR < 5%). Here, we observed clear differences in methylation levels induced by radiation, some associated with response to treatment. Our study adds knowledge on the molecular mechanisms behind radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rita Halvorsen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Identification of genes with consistent methylation levels across different human tissues. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4351. [PMID: 24619003 PMCID: PMC3950633 DOI: 10.1038/srep04351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating cell growth and disease development. Methylation profiles are examined by bisulfite conversion; however, the lack of markers for bisulfite conversion efficiency and appropriate internal control genes remains a major challenge. To address these issues, we utilized two bioinformatics approaches, coefficients of variances and resampling tests, to identify probes showing stable methylation levels from several independent microarray datasets. Mass spectrometry validated the consistently high methylation levels of the five probes (N4BP2, EGFL8, CTRB1, TSPAN3, and ZNF690) in 13 human tissue types from 24 cell lines. Linear associations between detected methylation levels and methyl concentrations of DNA samples were further demonstrated in three genes (N4BP2, EGFL8, and CTRB1). To summarize, we identified five genes which may serve as internal controls for methylation studies by analyzing large-scale microarray data, and three of them can be used as markers for evaluating the efficiency of bisulfite conversion.
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Paul S, Smilenov LB, Amundson SA. Widespread decreased expression of immune function genes in human peripheral blood following radiation exposure. Radiat Res 2013; 180:575-83. [PMID: 24168352 DOI: 10.1667/rr13343.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We report a large-scale reduced expression of genes in pathways related to cell-type specific immunity functions that emerges from microarray analysis 48 h after ex vivo γ-ray irradiation (0, 0.5, 2, 5, 8 Gy) of human peripheral blood from five donors. This response is similar to that seen in patients at 24 h after the start of total-body irradiation and strengthens the rationale for the ex vivo model as an adjunct to human in vivo studies. The most marked response was in genes associated with natural killer (NK) cell immune functions, reflecting a relative loss of NK cells from the population. T- and B-cell mediated immunity genes were also significantly represented in the radiation response. Combined with our previous studies, a single gene expression signature was able to predict radiation dose range with 97% accuracy at times from 6-48 h after exposure. Gene expression signatures that may report on the loss or functional deactivation of blood cell subpopulations after radiation exposure may be particularly useful both for triage biodosimetry and for monitoring the effect of radiation mitigating treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunirmal Paul
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
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7
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Jaafar L, Podolsky RH, Dynan WS. Long-term effects of ionizing radiation on gene expression in a zebrafish model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69445. [PMID: 23936019 PMCID: PMC3728329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how initial radiation injury translates into long-term effects is an important problem in radiation biology. Here, we define a set of changes in the transcription profile that are associated with the long-term response to radiation exposure. The study was performed in vivo using zebrafish, an established radiobiological model organism. To study the long-term response, 24 hour post-fertilization embryos were exposed to 0.1 Gy (low dose) or 1.0 Gy (moderate dose) of whole-body gamma radiation and allowed to develop for 16 weeks. Liver mRNA profiles were then analyzed using the Affymetrix microarray platform, with validation by quantitative PCR. As a basis for comparison, 16-week old adults were exposed at the same doses and analyzed after 4 hours. Statistical analysis was performed in a way to minimize the effects of multiple comparisons. The responses to these two treatment regimes differed greatly: 360 probe sets were associated primarily with the long-term response, whereas a different 2062 probe sets were associated primarily with the response when adults of the same age were irradiated 4 hours before exposure. Surprisingly, a ten-fold difference in radiation dose (0.1 versus 1.0 Gy) had little effect. Analysis at the gene and pathway level indicated that the long-term response includes the induction of cytokine and inflammatory regulators and transcription and growth factors. The acute response includes the induction of p53 target genes and modulation of the hypoxia-induced transcription factor-C/EBP axis. Results help define genes and pathways affected in the long-term, low and moderate dose radiation response and differentiate them from those affected in an acute response in the same tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahcen Jaafar
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Podolsky
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - William S. Dynan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ranjan A, Kaur N, Tiwari V, Singh Y, Chaturvedi MM, Tandon V. 3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl Bis-benzimidazole Derivative, Mitigates Radiation-Induced DNA Damage. Radiat Res 2013; 179:647-62. [DOI: 10.1667/rr3246.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Navrinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | - Vibha Tandon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Balagamwala EH, Chao ST, Suh JH. Principles of radiobiology of stereotactic radiosurgery and clinical applications in the central nervous system. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2012; 11:3-13. [PMID: 22181326 DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become an important treatment option for intracranial lesions and has recently been adapted to treat lesions outside the brain. Many studies have shown the effectiveness of SRS for the treatment of benign and metastatic tumors. Although DNA damage has been thought to be the principal form of radiation-induced damage, recent studies have shown that vascular endothelial damage is perhaps more important in the setting of high radiation doses per fraction such as those used in SRS. Furthermore, it has been shown that molecular responses to radiation differ based on dose per fraction. The principles of classical radiobiology are reviewed with explanation on why fractionation of radiotherapy allows optimization of the therapeutic ratio. The current understanding of the molecular responses that occur soon after the delivery of high radiation doses per fraction is also reviewed. A summary of current clinical evidence of radiation tolerance to SRS of brain, brainstem, optic chiasm and spinal cord is also provided. Recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of SRS response have uncovered a different biological response than previously thought. Further understanding of these molecular mechanisms will allow for the development of targeted radiosensitizers and radioprotectors to optimize the therapeutic ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Balagamwala
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, USA
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10
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Far infrared ray irradiation attenuates apoptosis and cell death of cultured keratinocytes stressed by dehydration. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 106:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Rodríguez J, Luria-Pérez R, López-Valdés HE, Casero D, Daniels TR, Patel S, Avila D, Leuchter R, So S, ánchez EOS, Bonavida B, Martínez-Maza O, Charles A.C, Pellegrini M, Helguera G, Penichet ML. Lethal iron deprivation induced by non-neutralizing antibodies targeting transferrin receptor 1 in malignant B cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:2169-78. [PMID: 21870996 PMCID: PMC3732792 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.596964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A number of antibodies have been developed that induce lethal iron deprivation (LID) by targeting the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1/CD71) and either neutralizing transferrin (Tf) binding, blocking internalization of the receptor and/or inducing its degradation. We have developed recombinant antibodies targeting human TfR1 (ch128.1 and ch128.1Av), which induce receptor degradation and are cytotoxic to certain malignant B-cells. We now show that internalization of TfR1 bound to these antibodies can lead to its sequestration and degradation, as well as reduced Tf uptake, and the induction of a transcriptional response consistent with iron deprivation, which is mediated in part by downstream targets of p53. Cells resistant to these antibodies do not sequester and degrade TfR1 after internalization of the antibody/receptor complex, and accordingly maintain their ability to internalize Tf. These findings are expected to facilitate the rational design and clinical use of therapeutic agents targeting iron import via TfR1 in hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoséA. Rodríguez
- Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rosendo Luria-Pérez
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Unit of Investigative Research on Oncological Disease, Children’s Hospital of Mexico “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor E. López-Valdés
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Casero
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tracy R. Daniels
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shabnum Patel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Avila
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard Leuchter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sokuntheavy So
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-S ánchez
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Otoniel Martínez-Maza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew .C Charles
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gustavo Helguera
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manuel L. Penichet
- Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Niu N, Qin Y, Fridley BL, Hou J, Kalari KR, Zhu M, Wu TY, Jenkins GD, Batzler A, Wang L. Radiation pharmacogenomics: a genome-wide association approach to identify radiation response biomarkers using human lymphoblastoid cell lines. Genome Res 2010; 20:1482-92. [PMID: 20923822 DOI: 10.1101/gr.107672.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is used to treat half of all cancer patients. Response to radiation therapy varies widely among patients. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify biomarkers to help predict radiation response using 277 ethnically defined human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Basal gene expression levels and 1.3 million genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from both Affymetrix and Illumina platforms were assayed for all 277 human LCLs. MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assays for radiation cytotoxicity were also performed to obtain area under the curve (AUC) as a radiation response phenotype for use in the association studies. Functional validation of candidate genes, selected from an integrated analysis that used SNP, expression, and AUC data, was performed with multiple cancer cell lines using specific siRNA knockdown, followed by MTS and colony-forming assays. A total of 27 loci, each containing at least two SNPs within 50 kb with P-values less than 10(-4) were associated with radiation AUC. A total of 270 expression probe sets were associated with radiation AUC with P < 10(-3). The integrated analysis identified 50 SNPs in 14 of the 27 loci that were associated with both AUC and the expression of 39 genes, which were also associated with radiation AUC (P < 10(-3)). Functional validation using siRNA knockdown in multiple tumor cell lines showed that C13orf34, MAD2L1, PLK4, TPD52, and DEPDC1B each significantly altered radiation sensitivity in at least two cancer cell lines. Studies performed with LCLs can help to identify novel biomarkers that might contribute to variation in response to radiation therapy and enhance our understanding of mechanisms underlying that variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nifang Niu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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