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Al Dahhan NZ, Cox E, Nieman BJ, Mabbott DJ. Cross-translational models of late-onset cognitive sequelae and their treatment in pediatric brain tumor survivors. Neuron 2022; 110:2215-2241. [PMID: 35523175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric brain tumor treatments have a high success rate, but survivors are at risk of cognitive sequelae that impact long-term quality of life. We summarize recent clinical and animal model research addressing pathogenesis or evaluating candidate interventions for treatment-induced cognitive sequelae. Assayed interventions encompass a broad range of approaches, including modifications to radiotherapy, modulation of immune response, prevention of treatment-induced cell loss or promotion of cell renewal, manipulation of neuronal signaling, and lifestyle/environmental adjustments. We further emphasize the potential of neuroimaging as a key component of cross-translation to contextualize laboratory research within broader clinical findings. This cross-translational approach has the potential to accelerate discovery to improve pediatric cancer survivors' long-term quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Z Al Dahhan
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Cox
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian J Nieman
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donald J Mabbott
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Li YQ, Wong CS. Metabolic Regulation of Hippocampal Neuronal Development and Its Inhibition After Irradiation. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:467-475. [PMID: 33706379 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
5'-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, plays a role in cell fate determination. Whether AMPK regulates hippocampal neuronal development remains unclear. Hippocampal neurogenesis is abrogated after DNA damage. Here, we asked whether AMPK regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its inhibition following irradiation. Adult Cre-lox mice deficient in AMPK in brain, and wild-type mice were used in a birth-dating study using bromodeoxyuridine to evaluate hippocampal neurogenesis. There was no evidence of AMPK or phospho-AMPK immunoreactivity in hippocampus. Increase in p-AMPK but not AMPK expression was observed in granule neurons and subgranular neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) in the dentate gyrus within 24 hours and persisted up to 9 weeks after irradiation. AMPK deficiency in Cre-lox mice did not alter neuroblast and newborn neuron numbers but resulted in decreased newborn and proliferating NPCs. Inhibition of neurogenesis was observed after irradiation regardless of genotypes. In Cre-lox mice, there was further loss of newborn early NPCs and neuroblasts but not newborn neurons after irradiation compared with wild-type mice. These results are consistent with differential negative effect of AMPK on hippocampal neuronal development and its inhibition after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Li
- From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Shun Wong
- From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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de Guzman AE, Ahmed M, Li YQ, Wong CS, Nieman BJ. p53 Loss Mitigates Early Volume Deficits in the Brains of Irradiated Young Mice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 103:511-520. [PMID: 30243572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric cranial radiation therapy results in lasting changes in brain structure. Though different facets of radiation response have been characterized, the relative contributions of each to altered development is unclear. We sought to determine the role of radiation-induced programmed cell death, as mediated by the Trp53 (p53) gene, on neuroanatomic development. METHODS AND MATERIALS Mice having a conditional knockout of p53 (p53KO) or wildtype p53 (WT) were irradiated with a whole-brain dose of 7 Gy (IR; n = 30) or 0 Gy (sham; n = 28) at 16 days of age. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging was performed before irradiation and at 4 time points after irradiation, until 3 months posttreatment, followed by ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging and immunohistochemistry. The role of p53 in development was assessed at 6 weeks of age in another group of untreated mice (n = 37). RESULTS Neuroanatomic development in p53KO mice was normal. After cranial irradiation, alterations in neuroanatomy were detectable in WT mice and emerged through 2 stages: an early volume loss within 1 week and decreased growth through development. In many structures, the early volume loss was partially mitigated by p53KO. However, p53KO had a neutral or negative impact on growth; thus, p53KO did not widely improve volume at endpoint. Partial volume recovery was observed in the dentate gyrus and olfactory bulbs of p53KO-IR mice, with corresponding increases in neurogenesis compared with WT-IR mice. CONCLUSIONS Although p53 is known to play an important role in mediating radiation-induced apoptosis, this is the first study to look at the cumulative effect of p53KO through development after cranial irradiation across the entire brain. It is clear that apoptosis plays an important role in volume loss early after radiation therapy. This early preservation alone was insufficient to normalize brain development on the whole, but regions reliant on neurogenesis exhibited a significant benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elizabeth de Guzman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mashal Ahmed
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu-Qing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Shun Wong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian J Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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El-Missiry MA, Othman AI, El-Sawy MR, Lebede MF. Neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on radiation-induced damage and apoptosis in the rat hippocampus. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:798-808. [PMID: 29939076 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1492755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on radiation-induced cell death and damage in the hippocampus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wister rats received oral treatment with EGCG at doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg/d for 3 d before 4 Gy γ irradiation. RESULTS The pretreatment of irradiated rats with EGCG significantly ameliorated the increased plasma levels of homocysteine, amyloid β, TNF-α and IL-6 levels and the decrease of dopamine and serotonin. Pretreatment with EGCG also significantly ameliorated the irradiation-induced increase in the 4-HNE and protein carbonyl levels and the decreased antioxidants including glutathione level, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the hippocampus. EGCG treatment prior to radiation exposure protected against DNA damage and apoptosis in the hippocampus. The increase in the levels of p53, Cytochrome-c, Bax and caspases 3 and 9 in the hippocampus were significantly ameliorated with a significant increase in Bcl-2. These changes were supported by marked protection of the dentate gyrus that exhibited a similar histological structure of the control animals. CONCLUSIONS EGCG can attenuate the severity of radiation-induced damage and cell death in hippocampus recommending polyphenols as successful option for protecting against radiation-induced hippocampal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Missiry
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt.,b Prince Sultan Military Collage of Health Sciences , Dhahran , KSA
| | - Azza I Othman
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Mamdouh R El-Sawy
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Mohamad F Lebede
- c Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medical Technology , Tobruk University , Tobruk , Libya
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Boström M, Kalm M, Eriksson Y, Bull C, Ståhlberg A, Björk-Eriksson T, Hellström Erkenstam N, Blomgren K. A role for endothelial cells in radiation-induced inflammation. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:259-271. [PMID: 29359989 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1431699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To unravel the role of the vasculature in radiation-induced brain tissue damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Postnatal day 14 mice received a single dose of 10 Gy cranial irradiation and were sacrificed 6 h, 24 h or 7 days post-irradiation. Endothelial cells were isolated from the hippocampus and cerebellum using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, followed by cell cycle analysis and gene expression profiling. RESULTS Flow cytometric analysis revealed that irradiation increased the percentage of endothelial cells, relative to the whole cell population in both the hippocampus and the cerebellum. This change in cell distribution indicates that other cell types are more susceptible to irradiation-induced cell death, compared to endothelial cells. This was supported by data showing that genes involved in endothelial cell-specific apoptosis (e.g. Smpd1) were not induced at any time point investigated but that genes involved in cell-cycle arrest (e.g. Cdkn1a) were upregulated at all investigated time points, indicating endothelial cell repair. Inflammation-related genes, on the other hand, were strongly induced, such as Ccl2, Ccl11 and Il6. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that endothelial cells are relatively resistant to ionizing radiation but that they play an active, hitherto unknown, role in the inflammatory response after irradiation. In the current study, this was shown in both the hippocampus, where neurogenesis and extensive cell death after irradiation occurs, and in the cerebellum, where neurogenesis no longer occurs at this developmental age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Boström
- a Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation , Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.,b Department of Oncology , Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.,c Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Marie Kalm
- a Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation , Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.,c Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Yohanna Eriksson
- c Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Cecilia Bull
- b Department of Oncology , Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- d Department of Pathology and Genetics , Sahlgrenska Cancer Centre, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Thomas Björk-Eriksson
- b Department of Oncology , Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Nina Hellström Erkenstam
- a Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation , Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- a Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation , Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.,e Department of Pediatric Oncology , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,f Department of Women's and Children's Health , Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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Chargari C, Maroun P, Louvel G, Drouet M, Riccobono D, François S, Dhermain F, Cosset JM, Deutsch É. [Repair and time-dose factor: The example of spinal cord irradiation]. Cancer Radiother 2017; 21:547-553. [PMID: 28888745 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The question whether a reirradiation is possible, with either curative of palliative intent, is a frequent issue and a true therapeutic challenge, in particular for a critical organ sensitive to cumulative dose, such as the spinal cord. Preclinical experimental data, based on debatable models that are hardly transferable to patients, suggest that there is a possibility of reirradiation, beyond the classical threshold for dose constraints, taking into account the "time-dose factor". Although the underlying biological mechanisms are however uncertain, scarce clinical data seem to confirm that the tolerance of spinal cord to reirradiation does exist, provided that a particular attention to total dose is given. In the context where modern stereotactic irradiation facilities expand therapeutic perspectives, we review the literature on possibilities of reirradiation, through the example of spinal cord reirradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chargari
- Département de radiothérapie, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; Radiothérapie moléculaire UMR 1030, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; Effets biologiques des rayonnements, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, D19, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; École du Val-de-Grâce, place Alphonse-Laveran, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - P Maroun
- Département de radiothérapie, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - G Louvel
- Département de radiothérapie, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - M Drouet
- Effets biologiques des rayonnements, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, D19, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - D Riccobono
- Effets biologiques des rayonnements, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, D19, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - S François
- Effets biologiques des rayonnements, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, D19, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - F Dhermain
- Département de radiothérapie, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - J-M Cosset
- Centre Charlebourg-La Défense, groupe Amethyst, 65, avenue Foch, 92250 La Garenne-Colombes, France
| | - É Deutsch
- Département de radiothérapie, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; Radiothérapie moléculaire UMR 1030, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
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Cheng Z, Zheng YZ, Li YQ, Wong CS. Cellular Senescence in Mouse Hippocampus After Irradiation and the Role of p53 and p21. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:260-269. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Li YQ, Cheng Z, Wong S. Differential Apoptosis Radiosensitivity of Neural Progenitors in Adult Mouse Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060970. [PMID: 27331809 PMCID: PMC4926502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian tissue-specific stem cells and progenitors demonstrate differential DNA damage response. Neural progenitors in dentate gyrus of the hippocampus are known to undergo apoptosis after irradiation. Using a mouse model of hippocampal neuronal development, we characterized the apoptosis sensitivity of the different neural progenitor subpopulations in adult mouse dentate gyrus after irradiation. Two different bromodeoxyuridine incorporation paradigms were used for cell fate mapping. We identified two apoptosis sensitive neural progenitor subpopulations after irradiation. The first represented non-proliferative and non-newborn neuroblasts and immature neurons that expressed doublecortin, calretinin or both. The second consisted of proliferative intermediate neural progenitors. The putative radial glia-like neural stem cells or type-1 cells, regardless of proliferation status, were apoptosis resistant after irradiation. There was no evidence of radiation-induced apoptosis in the absence of the Trp53 (p53) gene but absence of Cdkn1a (p21) did not alter the apoptotic response. Upregulation of nuclear p53 was observed in neuroblasts after irradiation. We conclude that adult hippocampal neural progenitors may demonstrate differential p53-dependent apoptosis sensitivity after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Zoey Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Shun Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Effects of Aging on Hippocampal Neurogenesis After Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 94:1181-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fan XW, Chen F, Chen Y, Chen GH, Liu HH, Guan SK, Deng Y, Liu Y, Zhang SJ, Peng WJ, Jiang GL, Wu KL. Electroacupuncture prevents cognitive impairments by regulating the early changes after brain irradiation in rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122087. [PMID: 25830357 PMCID: PMC4382177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments severely affect the quality of life of patients who undergo brain irradiation, and there are no effective preventive strategies. In this study, we examined the therapeutic potential of electroacupuncture (EA) administered immediately after brain irradiation in rats. We detected changes in cognitive function, neurogenesis, and synaptic density at different time points after irradiation, but found that EA could protect the blood-brain barrier (BBB), inhibit neuroinflammatory cytokine expression, upregulate angiogenic cytokine expression, and modulate the levels of neurotransmitter receptors and neuropeptides in the early phase. Moreover, EA protected spatial memory and recognition in the delayed phase. At the cellular/molecular level, the preventative effect of EA on cognitive dysfunction was not dependent on hippocampal neurogenesis; rather, it was related to synaptophysin expression. Our results suggest that EA applied immediately after brain irradiation can prevent cognitive impairments by protecting against the early changes induced by irradiation and may be a novel approach for preventing or ameliorating cognitive impairments in patients with brain tumors who require radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wen Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Guan-Hao Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Huan-Huan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Shi-Kuo Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Sheng-Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Wei-Jun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Guo-Liang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Kai-Liang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200032
- * E-mail:
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Pathobiology of radiation myelopathy and strategies to mitigate injury. Spinal Cord 2015; 53:574-80. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
Endothelial cells represent an important component of the neurogenic niche and may regulate self-renewal and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Whether they have a role in determining the apoptotic fate of NPCs after stress or injury is unclear. NPCs are known to undergo p53-dependent apoptosis after ionizing radiation, whereas endothelial cell apoptosis after irradiation is dependent on membrane acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) and is abrogated in sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (smpd1)- (gene that encodes ASMase) deficient mice. Here we found that p53-dependent apoptosis of NPCs in vivo after irradiation was inhibited in smpd1-deficient mice. NPCs cultured from mice, wild type (+/+) or knockout (−/−), of the smpd1 gene, however, demonstrated no difference in apoptosis radiosensitivity. NPCs transplanted into the hippocampus of smpd1−/− mice were protected against apoptosis after irradiation compared with those transplanted into smpd1+/+ mice. Intravenous administration of basic fibroblast growth factor, which does not cross the blood–brain barrier, known to protect endothelial cells against apoptosis after irradiation also attenuated the apoptotic response of NPCs. These findings provide evidence that endothelial cells may regulate p53-dependent apoptosis of NPCs after genotoxic stress and add support to an important role of endothelial cells in regulating apoptosis of NPCs after injury or in disease.
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