1
|
Jeon YH, Kim GW, Kim SY, Yi SA, Yoo J, Kim JY, Lee SW, Kwon SH. Heterochromatin Protein 1: A Multiplayer in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030763. [PMID: 35159030 PMCID: PMC8833910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms as well as genomic mutations contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. In addition to histone code writers, including histone lysine methyltransferase (KMT), and histone code erasers, including histone lysine demethylase (KDM), histone code reader proteins such as HP1 are associated with abnormal chromatin regulation in human diseases. Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) recognizes histone H3 lysine 9 methylation and broadly affects chromatin biology, such as heterochromatin formation and maintenance, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and chromosomal segregation. Molecular functions of HP1 proteins have been extensively studied, although their exact roles in diseases require further study. Here, we comprehensively review the studies that have revealed the altered expression of HP1 and its functions in tumorigenesis. In particular, the distinctive effects of each HP1 subtype, namely HP1α, HP1β, and HP1γ, have been thoroughly explored in various cancer types. We also highlight how HP1 can serve as a potential biomarker for cancer prognosis and therapeutic target for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hyun Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Go Woon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
| | - So Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Sang Ah Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Jung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Sang Wu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-749-4513
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang F, Shao C, Chen Z, Li Y, Jing X, Huang Q. Low Dose of Trichostatin A Improves Radiation Resistance by Activating Akt/Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidation Pathway in Cancer Cells. Radiat Res 2021; 195:366-377. [PMID: 33513620 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00145.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) improve cellular acetylation while also enhancing the radiation sensitivity. In this work, however, we confirmed that low-dose trichostatin A (TSA) as a typical HDACi could reduce rather than increase the radiosensitivity of cancer cells, while the cellular acetylation was also increased with TSA-induced epigenetic modification. The surviving fraction of HeLa/HepG2 cells pretreated with 25 nM TSA for 24 h was higher at 1 Gy/2 Gy of γ-ray radiation than that of the cells with the same radiation dose but without TSA pretreatment. To understand the underlying mechanism, we investigated the effect of low-dose TSA on HO-1, SOD and CAT induction and activating Akt together with its downstream Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our results indicated that TSA activated HO-1, SOD and CAT expression by increasing the phosphorylation level of Nrf2 in an Akt-dependent manner. In addition, we also observed that the 25-nM-TSA-pretreated group showed a significant increase in the antioxidant capacity in terms of SOD and CAT activities. Therefore, our results suggest that low-dose TSA can activate the Akt/Nrf2 pathway and upregulate expression of HO-1, SOD and CAT to stimulate the cellular defense mechanism. This work demonstrates that low-dose TSA treatment may activate the adaptation mechanism against the oxidative stress induced by ionizing radiation, and application of HDACi treatment should be undertaken with caution to avoid its possible radioresistance in radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Changsheng Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yalin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xumiao Jing
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghasemi S, Xu S, Nabavi SM, Amirkhani MA, Sureda A, Tejada S, Lorigooini Z. Epigenetic targeting of cancer stem cells by polyphenols (cancer stem cells targeting). Phytother Res 2021; 35:3649-3664. [PMID: 33619811 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are one of the main factors that disrupt the expression of genes and consequently, they have an important role in the carcinogenicity and the progression of different cancers. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are accountable for the recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic failure of cancer. The noticeable and specific pathways in CSCs can be organized by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, regulatory RNAs, among others. Since epigenetics modifications can be changed and reversed, it is a possible tool for cancer control and treatment. Epigenetic therapies against CSCs are emerging as a very new strategy with a good future expectation to treat cancer patients. Phenolic compounds are a vast group of substances with anticarcinogenic functions, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative activities. It seems these characteristics are related to neutralizing CSCs development, their microenvironment, and metabolism through epigenetic mechanisms. In the current work, the types of epigenetic changes known in these cells are introduced. In addition, some studies about the use of polyphenols acting through a variety of epigenetic mechanisms to counteract these cells will be reviewed. The reported results seem to indicate that the use of these phenolic compounds may be useful for CSCs defeat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir Amirkhani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of neurophysiology. Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin H, Zhao X, Xia L, Lian J, You J. Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of CBX3 Expression in Human Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:2412741. [PMID: 33273987 PMCID: PMC7676940 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2412741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromebox protein homolog 3 (CBX3) as a member of the heterochromatin-associated protein 1 (HP1) family has been reported to be overexpressed in human cancer tissues. Numerous studies have shown the relationship between the CBX3 expression and clinicopathological factor or prognosis in malignant tumors, but their results are inconsistent. To address these results, a meta-analysis was described to investigate the prognostic value and clinicopathological significance of CBX3 expression in human malignant neoplasms. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were used to search eligible literatures, including publications prior to September 2019. The role of CBX3 in cancer prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics was assessed by pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Eleven studies with 1682 cancer patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. This analysis demonstrated that the patients' increased CBX3 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (univariate analysis: HR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.46-2.25; multivariate analysis: HR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.63-2.34). Subgroups analysis by tumor type also indicated that high expression of CBX3 was correlated with poor OS in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (HR = 3.31, 95% CI 2.03-5.39), lung cancer (HR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.21-2.29), genitourinary cancer (HR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.15-3.58), and digestive cancer (HR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.23-1.79). For clinicopathological features, high expression of CBX3 was associated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.42-6.20) and lager tumor size (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.12-2.28). CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis indicated that CBX3 expression may be a novel biomarker for predicting patient prognosis and clinicopathological parameters in multiple human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hexin Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Laboratory of Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiabian Lian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of laboratory medicine, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic Testing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun You
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alpha Radiation as a Way to Target Heterochromatic and Gamma Radiation-Exposed Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051165. [PMID: 32397212 PMCID: PMC7291130 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compact chromatin is linked to a poor tumour prognosis and resistance to radiotherapy from photons. We investigated DNA damage induction and repair in the context of chromatin structure for densely ionising alpha radiation as well as its therapeutic potential. Chromatin opening by histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) pretreatment reduced clonogenic survival and increased γH2AX foci in MDA-MB-231 cells, indicative of increased damage induction by free radicals using gamma radiation. In contrast, TSA pretreatment tended to improve survival after alpha radiation while γH2AX foci were similar or lower; therefore, an increased DNA repair is suggested due to increased access of repair proteins. MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to fractionated gamma radiation (2 Gy × 6) expressed high levels of stem cell markers, elevated heterochromatin H3K9me3 marker, and a trend towards reduced clonogenic survival in response to alpha radiation. There was a higher level of H3K9me3 at baseline, and the ratio of DNA damage induced by alpha vs. gamma radiation was higher in the aggressive MDA-MB-231 cells compared to hormone receptor-positive MCF7 cells. We demonstrate that heterochromatin structure and stemness properties are induced by fractionated radiation exposure. Gamma radiation-exposed cells may be targeted using alpha radiation, and we provide a mechanistic basis for the involvement of chromatin in these effects.
Collapse
|
6
|
Brzozowska B, Gałecki M, Tartas A, Ginter J, Kaźmierczak U, Lundholm L. Freeware tool for analysing numbers and sizes of cell colonies. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:109-117. [PMID: 30673853 PMCID: PMC6394662 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-018-00772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The clonogenic cell survival assay is a basic method to study the cytotoxic effect of radiation and chemical toxins. In large experimental setups, counting of colonies by eye is tiresome and prone to bias. Moreover, it is often interesting to quantify the size of individual colonies. Such analyses are largely facilitated by computerised image analysis systems. Although a number of such systems exist, they all focus on enumerating colonies and not on analysing the colony size. We have developed a new software package for both counting colonies and plotting their size distributions. The software called count and Plot HIstograms of Colony Size (countPHICS) consists of two parts: (1) a macro written for ImageJ which analyses computerised images of cell culture dishes or 6-well plates, counts colonies, estimates their size and saves the results in a text file; (2) a program written with QT Creator which reads the text file, plots histograms of colony size distribution and fits the best function. The full program is freely available at: http://www.fuw.edu.pl/~bbrzozow/FizMed/countPHICS.html . In conclusion, our new publically available software will facilitate colony counting and provide additional information on the colony growth rate, which is relevant especially for radiosensitisation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Brzozowska
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Biomedical Physics Division, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, 106 91, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Gałecki
- Biomedical Physics Division, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, 106 91, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Tartas
- Biomedical Physics Division, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, 106 91, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Józef Ginter
- Biomedical Physics Division, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, 106 91, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|