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Dong L, Liu C, Sun H, Wang M, Sun M, Zheng J, Yu X, Shi R, Wang B, Zhou Q, Chen Z, Xing B, Wang Y, Yao X, Mei M, Ren Y, Zhou X. Targeting STAT3 potentiates CDK4/6 inhibitors therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216956. [PMID: 38735381 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Anti-CDK4/6 therapy has been employed for the treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with CDK4/6 hyperactivation, but the response rate is relatively low. In this study, we first showed that CDK4 and CDK6 was over-expressed and conferred poor prognosis in HNSCC. Moreover, in RB-positive HNSCC, STAT3 signaling was activated induced by CDK4/6 inhibition and STAT3 promotes RB deficiency by upregulation of MYC. Thirdly, the combination of Stattic and CDK4/6 inhibitor results in striking anti-tumor effect in vitro and in Cal27 derived animal models. Additionally, phospho-STAT3 level negatively correlates with RB expression and predicts poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC. Taken together, our findings suggest an unrecognized function of STAT3 confers to CDK4/6 inhibitors resistance and presenting a promising combination strategy for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dong
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yu
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Bofan Xing
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Mei Mei
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China; Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Liang J, Bi G, Huang Y, Zhao G, Sui Q, Zhang H, Bian Y, Yin J, Wang Q, Chen Z, Zhan C. MAFF confers vulnerability to cisplatin-based and ionizing radiation treatments by modulating ferroptosis and cell cycle progression in lung adenocarcinoma. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101057. [PMID: 38266355 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for more than half of all lung cancer cases. Tumor elimination is mostly hindered by drug resistance and the mechanisms remain to be explored in LUAD. METHODS CRISPR screens in cell and murine models and single-cell RNA sequencing were conducted, which identified MAF bZIP transcription factor F (MAFF) as a critical factor regulating tumor growth and treatment resistance in LUAD. RNA and ChIP sequencing analyses were performed for transcriptional target expression and specific binding sites of MAFF. Functions of MAFF in inhibiting tumor growth and promoting cisplatin or irradiation efficacy were investigated using cellular and xenograft models. RESULTS Patients with lung adenocarcinoma and reduced MAFF expression had worse clinical outcomes. MAFF inhibited tumor cell proliferation by regulating the expression of SLC7A11, CDK6, and CDKN2C, promoting ferroptosis and preventing cell cycle progression from G1 to S. MAFF also conferred tumor cells vulnerable to cisplatin-based or ionizing radiation treatments. MAFF reduction was a final event in the acquisition of cisplatin resistance of LUAD cells. The intracellular cAMP/PKA/CREB1 pathway upregulated MAFF in response to cisplatin-based or ionizing radiation treatments. CONCLUSIONS MAFF suppresses tumor growth, and pharmacological agonists targeting MAFF may improve cisplatin or irradiation therapies for lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Guoshu Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Yiwei Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Guangyin Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Qihai Sui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Yunyi Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Jiacheng Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China.
| | - Zhencong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China.
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China.
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Ngamphaiboon N, Pattaranutaporn P, Lukerak S, Siripoon T, Jinawath A, Arsa L, Shantavasinkul PC, Taonam N, Trachu N, Jinawath N, Kositwattanarerk A, Sananmuang T, Jiarpinitnun C. A Phase I Study of the CDK4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib in Combination with Cetuximab and Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:294-303. [PMID: 37982827 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Palbociclib, a cyclin D kinase 4 (CDK4)/6 inhibitor, has shown radiosensitizing effects in preclinical studies. There is a strong rationale for adding palbociclib to cetuximab and radiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC), especially in p16-negative HNSCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a phase I dose-escalation study (NCT03024489) using a classical 3+3 design to determine safety, tolerability, and MTD of palbociclib, cetuximab, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) combination. At the recommended phase II dose (RP2D), additional p16-negative patients were enrolled. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients with LA-HNSCC (13 in dose escalation, 14 in expansion) with oropharyngeal (41%) and hypopharyngeal (30%) cancers were enrolled. The MTD was not reached, and the RP2D of palbociclib was established at the full standard palbociclib dose of 125 mg/day for 21 days per cycle, administered for two cycles during IMRT. The most common grade 3-4 toxicities were mucositis (59%), radiation dermatitis (22%), and neutropenia (22%), with a febrile neutropenia rate of 7%. Common genomic alterations included mutations in TP53 (57%), GNAQ (35%), and PIK3CA (17%), and copy-number gains in CCND1 (22%), CCND2 (9%), and EGFR (9%). Overall, p16 expression was positive in 15% of patients. No correlation was observed between p16 status, genomic alterations, and preliminary efficacy. The objective response rate was 84%. The rates for 2-year locoregional control, event-free survival, and overall survival were 73%, 48%, and 71%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The palbociclib, cetuximab, and IMRT combination was well tolerated. The RP2D was established, while no MTD was determined. The regimen demonstrated promising preliminary efficacy, suggesting further investigation is warranted in patients with cisplatin-ineligible p16/human papilloma virus-unrelated LA-HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapong Ngamphaiboon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poompis Pattaranutaporn
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somthawin Lukerak
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teerada Siripoon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Artit Jinawath
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lalida Arsa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapimporn Ch Shantavasinkul
- Division of Nutrition and Biochemical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naphat Taonam
- Division of Nutrition and Biochemical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumol Trachu
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natini Jinawath
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, Thailand
- Integrative Computational Bioscience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Arpakorn Kositwattanarerk
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thiparom Sananmuang
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chuleeporn Jiarpinitnun
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tornyi I, Árkosy P, Horváth I, Furka A. A new perspective on the proper timing of radiotherapy during CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy in patients with "bone-only" metastatic breast cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1611369. [PMID: 37886029 PMCID: PMC10598277 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of hormone positive and HER2 negative advanced breast cancers can be controlled well by endocrine therapy combined with the groundbreaking use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the metastatic first-line setting. Approximately 50%-60% of these patients have "bone-only" metastatic disease. In oligometastatic cases or if a certain number of uncontrolled lesions develop during the aforementioned therapy, ablative radiotherapy can be delivered or, in symptomatic cases, urgent irradiation is needed with palliative intent. To achieve the most effective results, parallel with good quality of life, the timing of radiotherapy must be determined precisely, taking into account that different cell cycles are involved during different treatment modalities; therefore, optimization of treatment schedules ensures longer and safer post-progression overall survival. The key question is whether the two treatment modalities are safe concurrently or whether they should be administered separately, and if so, what is the optimal sequence and why? This manuscript aims to answer this important question, with a focus on quality of life. Existing publications focus on safety and toxicity profiles, and efficacy is detailed only tangentially and minimally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Tornyi
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Árkosy
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Furka
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Faculty of Health Care, Institute of Practical Methodology and Diagnostics, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
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Ngamphaiboon N, Chairoungdua A, Dajsakdipon T, Jiarpinitnun C. Evolving role of novel radiosensitizers and immune checkpoint inhibitors in (chemo)radiotherapy of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2023; 145:106520. [PMID: 37467684 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains the standard treatment for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC), based on numerous randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses demonstrating that CRT improved locoregional control and overall survival. Achieving locoregional control is a crucial outcome for the treatment of HNSCC, as it directly affects patient quality of life and survival. Cisplatin is the recommended standard-of-care radiosensitizing agent for LA-HNSCC patients undergoing CRT, whereas cetuximab-radiotherapy is reserved for cisplatin-ineligible patients. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic HNSCC. However, the combination of ICIs with standard-of-care radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in LA-HNSCC has not demonstrated significant improvement in survivals. Over the past few decades, significant advancements in radiotherapy techniques have allowed for more precise and effective radiation delivery while minimizing toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. These advances have led to improved treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients with LA-HNSCC. Despite these advancements, the development of novel radiosensitizing agents remains an unmet need. This review discusses the mechanism of radiotherapy and its impact on the immune system. We summarize the latest clinical development of novel radiosensitizing agents, such as SMAC mimetics, DDR pathway inhibitors, and CDK4/6 inhibitor. We also elucidate the emerging evidence of combining ICIs with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in curative settings for LA-HNSCC, using both concurrent and sequential approaches. Lastly, we discuss the future direction of systemic therapy in combination with radiotherapy in treatment for LA-HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapong Ngamphaiboon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Arthit Chairoungdua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanate Dajsakdipon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chuleeporn Jiarpinitnun
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Shrivastava N, Chavez CG, Li D, Mehta V, Thomas C, Fulcher CD, Kawachi N, Bottalico DM, Prystowsky MB, Basu I, Guha C, Ow TJ. CDK4/6 Inhibition Induces Senescence and Enhances Radiation Response by Disabling DNA Damage Repair in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072005. [PMID: 37046664 PMCID: PMC10093103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: HPV(−) OCSCC resists radiation treatment. The CDKN2A gene, encoding p16INK4A, is commonly disrupted in OCSCC. p16 inhibits CDK4/CDK6, leading to cell cycle arrest, but the biological sequelae of CDK4/6 inhibition in OCSCC remains understudied. This study examines whether inhibition of CDK4/6 enhances radiation response in OCSCC. Methods: MTT assays were performed in OCSCC cell lines HN5 and CAL27following treatment with palbociclib. Clonogenic survival and synergy were analyzed after radiation (RT-2 or 4Gy), palbociclib (P) (0.5 µM or 1 µM), or concurrent combination treatment (P+RT). DNA damage/repair and senescence were examined. CDK4/6 were targeted via siRNA to corroborate P+RT effects. Three-dimensional immortalized spheroids and organoids derived from patient tumors (conditionally reprogrammed OCSCC CR-06 and CR-18) were established to further examine and validate responses to P+RT. Results: P+RT demonstrated reduced viability and synergy, increased β-gal expression (~95%), and ~two-fold higher γH2AX. Rad51 and Ku80 were reduced after P+RT, indicating impairment of both HR and NHEJ. siCDK4/6 increased senescence with radiation. Spheroids showed reduced proliferation and size with P+RT. CR-06 and CR-18 further demonstrated three-fold reduced proliferation and organoids size with P+RT. Conclusion: Targeting CDK4/6 can lead to improved efficacy when combined with radiation in OCSCC by inducing senescence and inhibiting DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitisha Shrivastava
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (N.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Claudia Gutierrez Chavez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Daniel Li
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Vikas Mehta
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (N.S.)
| | - Carlos Thomas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cory D. Fulcher
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (N.S.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nicole Kawachi
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (N.S.)
| | | | - Michael B. Prystowsky
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (N.S.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Indranil Basu
- Office of Grant Support, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (N.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Onco-Physics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Thomas J. Ow
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (N.S.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(718)-920-8488
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Zhang Y, Ou G, Ye Z, Zhou Z, Cao Q, Li M, Wang J, Cao J, Yang H. RPRM negatively regulates ATM levels through its nuclear translocation on irradiation mediated by CDK4/6 and IPO11. iScience 2022; 25:105115. [PMID: 36185355 PMCID: PMC9519624 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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8
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He L, Liang M, Guo W, Liu J, Yu Y. HOXA1 is a radioresistance marker in multiple cancer types. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965427. [PMID: 36119466 PMCID: PMC9478604 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important therapeutic method for patients with cancer. However, radioresistance can cause treatment failure. Thus, there is an urgent need to investigate mechanisms of radioresistance and identity markers that could be used to predict radioresistance and prognosis of post-radiotherapy cancer patients. In the present study, we propose HOXA1 as a candidate biomarker of intrinsic radioresistance in multiple cancer types. By analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found that HOXA1 was aberrantly upregulated in multiple cancers, and that elevated HOXA1 was significantly associated with poor prognosis of post-radiotherapy head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and low-grade glioma (LGG) patients. Correlation analysis showed that HOXA1 expression was positively correlated with expression of EGFR, CDK6, and CAV1, which have been reported to enhance radioresistance. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that the oxidative phosphorylation gene set was negatively enriched in HOXA1 high-expression samples in both HNSCC and LGG. Moreover, immunohistochemical assays indicated that high HOXA1 expression was significantly correlated with a high recurrence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radiotherapy. Further in vitro experiments demonstrated that HOXA1 knockdown markedly attenuated the DNA repair capacity of NPC cells and sensibilized NPC cells to irradiation. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that HOXA1 has potential to be a predictive marker for radioresistance and post-radiotherapy prognosis that could help to guide individualized treatment in multiple cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinquan Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Yu, ; Jinquan Liu,
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Yu, ; Jinquan Liu,
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Al-Rashdan A, Quirk S, Roumeliotis M, Abedin T, Amaro CP, Barbera L, Lupichuk S, Cao JQ. Radiotherapy with Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors: A Multi-institutional Safety and Toxicity Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 114:399-408. [PMID: 35870712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate radiotherapy (RT) toxicity when given with Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) compared to RT alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with hormonal receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor-2 negative metastatic breast cancer treated with RT at four cancer centers in Alberta, Canada between 2016 and 2020. Toxicity in patients treated with RT within 30 days of initiating to discontinuing CDK4/6i (RT+CDK4/6i) was compared to toxicity of RT in CDK4/6i naïve patients (RT alone). The primary outcome was acute grade (G) II or higher, non-hematological toxicity within 30 days of RT. We also explored toxicity based on the timing of RT (prior, concurrent, post) in relation to CDK4/6i. Propensity score matching was applied to create comparable cohorts. A generalized linear mixed model was used to evaluate factors associated with acute toxicity. RESULTS 132 patients (220 RT sites) in the RT+CDK4/6i and 53 patients (93 RT sites) in RT alone were eligible. The rate of acute GII or higher non-hematological toxicity was 11.5% vs. 7%, respectively (p=0.439), and acute GIII or higher non-hematological toxicity was 3.7% vs. 0%, respectively (p=0.151). Acute toxicity in RT+CDK4/6i group was mainly observed when RT was given concurrently (67%) with most of the GIII toxicity recorded. After propensity score matching, the association of acute toxicity with RT+CDK4/6i vs. RT alone was not significant on multivariable analysis, Odds Ratio 3.13 (95% confidence interval: 0.74 - 13.2; p=0.121). CONCLUSIONS We did not observe a significant association between CDK4/6i use and acute, GII or higher, non-hematological toxicity, in women with metastatic breast cancer receiving palliative RT. Given the findings of GIII toxicity, caution is advised whenever CDK4/6i is given concurrently with RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla Al-Rashdan
- Dalhousie University School of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V7, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sarah Quirk
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Roumeliotis
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tasnima Abedin
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Carla Paris Amaro
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Lisa Barbera
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Sasha Lupichuk
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Q Cao
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
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10
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Radiotherapy as a tool to elicit clinically actionable signalling pathways in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:114-131. [PMID: 34819622 PMCID: PMC9004227 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A variety of targeted anticancer agents have been successfully introduced into clinical practice, largely reflecting their ability to inhibit specific molecular alterations that are required for disease progression. However, not all malignant cells rely on such alterations to survive, proliferate, disseminate and/or evade anticancer immunity, implying that many tumours are intrinsically resistant to targeted therapies. Radiotherapy is well known for its ability to activate cytotoxic signalling pathways that ultimately promote the death of cancer cells, as well as numerous cytoprotective mechanisms that are elicited by cellular damage. Importantly, many cytoprotective mechanisms elicited by radiotherapy can be abrogated by targeted anticancer agents, suggesting that radiotherapy could be harnessed to enhance the clinical efficacy of these drugs. In this Review, we discuss preclinical and clinical data that introduce radiotherapy as a tool to elicit or amplify clinically actionable signalling pathways in patients with cancer.
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11
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Cell death mechanisms in head and neck cancer cells in response to low and high-LET radiation. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/erm.2021.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy that develops in or around the throat, larynx, nose, sinuses and mouth, and is mostly treated with a combination of chemo- and radiotherapy (RT). The main goal of RT is to kill enough of the cancer cell population, whilst preserving the surrounding normal and healthy tissue. The mechanisms by which conventional photon RT achieves this have been extensively studied over several decades, but little is known about the cell death pathways that are activated in response to RT of increasing linear energy transfer (LET), including proton beam therapy and heavy ions. Here, we provide an up-to-date review on the observed radiobiological effects of low- versus high-LET RT in HNSCC cell models, particularly in the context of specific cell death mechanisms, including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, senescence and mitotic death. We also detail some of the current therapeutic strategies targeting cell death pathways that have been investigated to enhance the radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells in response to RT, including those that may present with clinical opportunities for eventual patient benefit.
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12
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Ettl T, Schulz D, Bauer RJ. The Renaissance of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:293. [PMID: 35053461 PMCID: PMC8773807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) regulate cell cycle progression. During tumor development, altered expression and availability of CDKs strongly contribute to impaired cell proliferation, a hallmark of cancer. In recent years, targeted inhibition of CDKs has shown considerable therapeutic benefit in a variety of tumor entities. Their success is reflected in clinical approvals of specific CDK4/6 inhibitors for breast cancer. This review provides a detailed insight into the molecular mechanisms of CDKs as well as a general overview of CDK inhibition. It also summarizes the latest research approaches and current advances in the treatment of head and neck cancer with CDK inhibitors. Instead of monotherapies, combination therapies with CDK inhibitors may especially provide promising results in tumor therapy. Indeed, recent studies have shown a synergistic effect of CDK inhibition together with chemo- and radio- and immunotherapy in cancer treatment to overcome tumor evasion, which may lead to a renaissance of CDK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ettl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Daniela Schulz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Josef Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Wang J, Bian Q, Liu J, Moming A. Identification and in vitro validation of prognostic lncRNA signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10049-10062. [PMID: 34872450 PMCID: PMC8809959 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1995577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are promising cancer prognostic markers. However, the clinical significance of lncRNA signatures in evaluating overall survival (OS) outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been explored. This study aimed to assess the significance of lncRNA in HNSCC and to develop a lncRNA signature related to OS in HNSCC. LncRNA expression matrices were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection of the Operator (LASSO), univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used for establishing a prognostic model. In vitro experiments were carried out to demonstrate the biological role of lncRNA. A prognosis model based on 7 DElncRNAs was finally established.The patients were then divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. Relative to the low-risk group, overall survival times for patients in the high-risk group were significantly low (P=2.466e−07). Risk score remained an independent prognostic factor in univariate (HR=1.329, 95%CI=1.239−1.425, p < 0.001) and multivariate (HR=1.279, 95%CI=1.184−1.382, p < 0.001) Cox regression analyses. The area under the curve (AUC) of the signature was as high as 0.78. Expressions of FOXD2-AS1 in tumor tissues were elevated, and significantly correlated with OS (P=0.008). FOXD2-AS1 silencing then significantly reduced HNSCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. In conclusion, a lncRNA signature was established for HNSCC prognostic prediction and FOXD2-AS1 was identified as an HNSCC oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Stomatology, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, P.R. China
| | - Qinjiang Bian
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu province, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Stomatology, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, P.R. China.,Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, P.R. China
| | - Adili Moming
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Stomatology, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, P.R. China
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14
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Bhat V, Pellizzari S, Allan AL, Wong E, Lock M, Brackstone M, Lohmann AE, Cescon DW, Parsyan A. Radiotherapy and radiosensitization in breast cancer: Molecular targets and clinical applications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103566. [PMID: 34890802 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively poor survival outcomes are observed in advanced or metastatic breast cancer, where local control of the primary or metastatic disease may be achieved by surgical resection, local ablative and radiation therapies. Radioresistance, poses a major challenge in achieving durable oncologic outcomes, mandating development of novel management strategies. Although multimodality approaches that combine radiotherapy with chemotherapy, or systemic agents, are utilized for radiosensitization and treatment of various malignancies, this approach has not yet found its clinical application in breast cancer. Some agents for breast cancer treatment can serve as radiosensitizers, creating an opportunity to enhance effects of radiation while providing systemic disease control. Hence, combination of radiotherapy with radiosensitizing agents have the potential to improve oncologic outcomes in advanced or metastatic breast cancer. This review discusses molecular targets for radiosensitization and novel systemic agents that have potential for clinical use as radiosensitizers in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudeva Bhat
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sierra Pellizzari
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Alison L Allan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Eugene Wong
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Michael Lock
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Muriel Brackstone
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada; Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ana Elisa Lohmann
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armen Parsyan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada; Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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15
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Edwards DM, Speers C, Wahl DR. Targeting Noncanonical Regulators of the DNA Damage Response to Selectively Overcome Cancer Radiation Resistance. Semin Radiat Oncol 2021; 32:64-75. [PMID: 34861997 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Edwards
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Corey Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.
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16
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Kumar M, Molkentine D, Molkentine J, Bridges K, Xie T, Yang L, Hefner A, Gao M, Bahri R, Dhawan A, Frederick MJ, Seth S, Abdelhakiem M, Beadle BM, Johnson F, Wang J, Shen L, Heffernan T, Sheth A, Ferris RL, Myers JN, Pickering CR, Skinner HD. Inhibition of histone acetyltransferase function radiosensitizes CREBBP/EP300 mutants via repression of homologous recombination, potentially targeting a gain of function. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6340. [PMID: 34732714 PMCID: PMC8566594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite radiation forming the curative backbone of over 50% of malignancies, there are no genomically-driven radiosensitizers for clinical use. Herein we perform in vivo shRNA screening to identify targets generally associated with radiation response as well as those exhibiting a genomic dependency. This identifies the histone acetyltransferases CREBBP/EP300 as a target for radiosensitization in combination with radiation in cognate mutant tumors. Further in vitro and in vivo studies confirm this phenomenon to be due to repression of homologous recombination following DNA damage and reproducible using chemical inhibition of histone acetyltransferase (HAT), but not bromodomain function. Selected mutations in CREBBP lead to a hyperacetylated state that increases CBP and BRCA1 acetylation, representing a gain of function targeted by HAT inhibition. Additionally, mutations in CREBBP/EP300 are associated with recurrence following radiation in squamous cell carcinoma cohorts. These findings provide both a mechanism of resistance and the potential for genomically-driven treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - David Molkentine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Molkentine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen Bridges
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tongxin Xie
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liangpeng Yang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Hefner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reshub Bahri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annika Dhawan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell J Frederick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sahil Seth
- TRACTION Platform, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdelhakiem
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beth M Beadle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Faye Johnson
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Heffernan
- TRACTION Platform, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aakash Sheth
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heath D Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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17
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Jost T, Heinzerling L, Fietkau R, Hecht M, Distel LV. Palbociclib Induces Senescence in Melanoma and Breast Cancer Cells and Leads to Additive Growth Arrest in Combination With Irradiation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:740002. [PMID: 34722291 PMCID: PMC8548830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.740002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several kinase inhibitors (KI) bear the potential to act as radiosensitizers. Little is known of the radiosensitizing effects of a wide range of other KI like palbociclib, which is approved in ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. Method In our study, we used healthy donor fibroblasts and breast cancer and skin cancer cells to investigate the influence of a concomitant KI + radiation therapy. Cell death and cell cycle distribution were studied by flow cytometry after Annexin-V/7-AAD and Hoechst staining. Cellular growth arrest was studied in colony-forming assays. Furthermore, we used C12-FDG staining (senescence) and mRNA expression analysis (qPCR) to clarify cellular mechanisms. Results The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib induced a cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Cellular toxicity (cell death) was only slightly increased by palbociclib and not enhanced by additional radiotherapy. As the main outcome of the colony formation assays, we found that cellular growth arrest was induced by palbociclib and improved by radiotherapy in an additive manner. Noticeably, palbociclib treatment clearly induced senescence not only in breast cancer and partly in melanoma cells, but also in healthy fibroblasts. According to these findings, the downregulation of senescence-related FOXM1 might be an involved mechanism of the senescence-induction potential of palbociclib. Conclusion The effect on cellular growth arrest of palbociclib and radiotherapy is additive. Palbociclib induces permanent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by inducing senescence in fibroblasts, breast cancer, and melanoma cells. Direct cell death induction is only a minor secondary mechanism of action. Concomitant KI and radiotherapy is a strategy worth studying in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucie Heinzerling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold V Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Genomic Characterization and Therapeutic Targeting of HPV Undetected Cervical Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184551. [PMID: 34572780 PMCID: PMC8467954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Persistent HPV infection is a known driver of cervical carcinogenesis, but the existence and biological relevance of HPV undetected (HPVU) cervical cancer has been debated. Here we report the results of detailed molecular classification of HPVU cervical cancer, and validate HPVU as a biomarker of poor outcomes. We identify that HPVU cervical cancer tumors harbor mutations affecting cell cycle progression, and in vitro experiments reveal HPVU, but not HPV+, cells are sensitive to palbociclib monotherapy. HPVU status can be translated into the clinic as a predictive biomarker of poor patient response to standard of care treatments and these patients may benefit from personalized treatment plans. Our results identify palbociclib as a lead candidate as an alternative treatment strategy for HPVU cervical cancer patients. We also suggest that primary cervix tumors be routinely tested for HPV prior to treatment to identify patients who will benefit from more aggressive precision-driven therapy. Abstract Cervical cancer tumors with undetectable HPV (HPVU) have been underappreciated in clinical decision making. In this study, two independent CC datasets were used to characterize the largest cohort of HPVU tumors to date (HPVU = 35, HPV+ = 430). Genomic and transcriptome tumor profiles and patient survival outcomes were compared between HPV+ and HPVU tumors. In vitro analyses were done to determine efficacy of the selective CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib on HPVU cancer cell lines. Patients with HPVU CC tumors had worse progression-free and overall survival outcomes compared to HPV+ patients. TP53, ARID1A, PTEN, ARID5B, CTNNB1, CTCF, and CCND1 were identified as significantly mutated genes (SMGs) enriched in HPVU tumors, with converging functional roles in cell cycle progression. In vitro HPVU, but not HPV+, cancer cell lines with wild type RB1 were sensitive to palbociclib monotherapy. These results indicate that HPVU status can be translated into the clinic as a predictive biomarker of poor patient response to standard of care treatments. We suggest primary cervix tumors be routinely tested for HPV prior to treatment to identify patients who will benefit from more aggressive precision-driven therapy. Our results identify palbociclib as a lead candidate as an alternative treatment strategy for HPVU CC patients.
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19
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Ding AS, Huq S, Casaos J, Raj D, Morales M, Zhao T, Kim T, Srivastava S, Pant A, Serra R, Gorelick NL, Brem H, Tyler B. Targeting of cyclin-dependent kinases in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors with multikinase inhibitor TG02. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2021:1-10. [PMID: 34479190 DOI: 10.3171/2021.5.peds20920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are aggressive pediatric brain tumors with no current standard of care and an estimated median patient survival of 12 to 18 months. Previous genetic analyses have implicated cyclin D1 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase that is implicated in many cancers, as key drivers of tumorigenicity in ATRTs. Since the effects of EZH2 and cyclin D1 are facilitated by a host of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), the authors sought to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of targeting CDKs in ATRTs with the multi-CDK inhibitor, TG02. METHODS Human ATRT cell lines BT12, BT37, CHLA05, and CHLA06 were selected for investigation. The effects of TG02 on cell viability, proliferation, clonogenicity, and apoptosis were assessed via Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, cell counting, clonogenic assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. Similar methods were used to determine the effects of TG02 combined with radiation therapy (RT) or cisplatin. Synergism indices for TG02-cisplatin combination therapy were calculated using CompuSyn software. RESULTS TG02 was observed to significantly impair ATRT cell growth in vitro by limiting cell proliferation and clonogenicity, and by inducing apoptosis. TG02 inhibited ATRT cell proliferation and decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with nanomolar half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values (BT12, 207.0 nM; BT37, 127.8 nM; CHLA05, 29.7 nM; CHLA06, 18.7 nM). TG02 (150 nM) dramatically increased the proportion of apoptotic ATRT cells 72 hours posttreatment (TG02 8.50% vs control 1.52% apoptotic cells in BT12, p < 0.0001; TG02 70.07% vs control 15.36%, p < 0.0001). Combination therapy studies revealed that TG02 acted as a potent radiosensitizer in ATRT cells (BT12 surviving fraction, RT 51.2% vs RT + TG02 21.7%). Finally, CompuSyn analysis demonstrated that TG02 acted synergistically with cisplatin against ATRT cells at virtually all therapeutic doses. These findings were consistent in cell lines that cover all three molecular subgroups of ATRTs. CONCLUSIONS The results of this investigation have established that TG02 is an effective therapeutic against ATRTs in vitro. Given the lack of standard therapy for ATRTs, these findings help fill an unmet need and support further study of TG02 as a potential therapeutic option for patients with this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy S. Ding
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sakibul Huq
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joshua Casaos
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Divyaansh Raj
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Manuel Morales
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tianna Zhao
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy Kim
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Siddhartha Srivastava
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ayush Pant
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Riccardo Serra
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Noah L. Gorelick
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Henry Brem
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Betty Tyler
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Chitsike L, Duerksen-Hughes PJ. Targeted Therapy as a Potential De-Escalation Strategy in Locally Advanced HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Literature Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:730412. [PMID: 34490123 PMCID: PMC8418093 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.730412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment landscape of locally advanced HPV-oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is undergoing transformation. This is because the high cures rates observed in OPSCC are paired with severe treatment-related, long-term toxicities. These significant adverse effects have led some to conclude that the current standard of care is over-treating patients, and that de-intensifying the regimens may achieve comparable survival outcomes with lower toxicities. Consequently, several de-escalation approaches involving locally advanced OPSCC are underway. These include the reduction of dosage and volume of intensive cytotoxic regimens, as well as elimination of invasive surgical procedures. Such de-intensifying treatments have the potential to achieve efficacy and concurrently alleviate morbidity. Targeted therapies, given their overall safer toxicity profiles, also make excellent candidates for de-escalation, either alone or alongside standard treatments. However, their role in these endeavors is currently limited, because few targeted therapies are currently in clinical use for head and neck cancers. Unfortunately, cetuximab, the only FDA-approved targeted therapy, has shown inferior outcomes when paired with radiation as compared to cisplatin, the standard radio-sensitizer, in recent de-escalation trials. These findings indicate the need for a better understanding of OPSCC biology in the design of rational therapeutic strategies and the development of novel, OPSCC-targeted therapies that are safe and can improve the therapeutic index of standard therapies. In this review, we summarize ongoing research on mechanism-based inhibitors in OPSCC, beginning with the salient molecular features that modulate tumorigenic processes and response, then exploring pharmacological inhibition and pre-clinical validation studies of candidate targeted agents, and finally, summarizing the progression of those candidates in the clinic.
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21
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Suzuki Y, Wenwen W, Ohta T, Hayashi SI. Molecular targeted drugs resistance impairs double-strand break repair and sensitizes ER-positive breast cancer to PARP inhibitors. Breast Cancer 2021; 29:77-91. [PMID: 34346034 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are various treatments for estrogen-positive breast cancer, mainly hormone therapy and molecular-targeted drugs. Acquiring resistance to these drugs is a major clinical problem. Additionally, little is known about the effect of drug resistance on the DNA repair mechanism. Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors currently used for treating HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer with BRCA mutations have been shown to be effective in BRCA-deficient cells with impaired homologous recombination repair. Here, we investigated the effect of drug resistance acquisition on the DNA repair mechanism and the effect of PARP inhibitors on ER (estrogen receptor) -positive breast cancer. METHODS We investigated changes in the expression of DNA repair mechanism-related factors and repair ability of double-strand breaks (DSB) in various drug-resistant cell lines established in our laboratory. Additionally, PARP inhibitor susceptibility was investigated using olaparib. RESULTS DSB repairs in MCF-7 and hormone therapy-resistant model cells were normal, and these cells demonstrated low sensitivity to olaparib. The resistant cell lines against CDK4/6 inhibitors, fulvestrant and mTOR/PI3K inhibitors showed decreased DSB repair ability and high olaparib sensitivity. They showed low sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors, a close link between acquiring resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors and hypersensitivity to olaparib. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests some cases of acquiring drug resistance impairs DSB repair ability and sensitizes ER-positive breast cancer to PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Functional Dynamics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seoryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Wu Wenwen
- Department of Translational Oncology, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohta
- Department of Translational Oncology, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hayashi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Dynamics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seoryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Yu S, Li L, Fan K, Li Y, Gao Y. A Genome-Scale CRISPR Knock-Out Screen Identifies MicroRNA-5197-5p as a Promising Radiosensitive Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:696713. [PMID: 34395263 PMCID: PMC8362832 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.696713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is one of the main reasons causing unsatisfactory curative effects of ionizing radiation (IR) against colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear yet. In the present study, we applied a genome-scale CRISPR knockout screen in combination of NGS sequencing upon CRC cell lines to explore regulatory factors involved radioresistance of CRC, and 3 candidate genes were identified. Cytotoxicity of IR was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay and apoptosis assay, and microRNA-5197-5p (miR-5197) was found to significantly enhance the cytotoxicity of IR to CRC cells. By further mechanistic investigation, we demonstrated that miR-5197 directly targeted CDK6 and inhibited its expression in RKO cells, which induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase and inhibited cell division, thereby radiosensitivity was enhanced by miR-5197. Our findings revealed that miR-5197 might be a critical factor regulating CRC cell radiosensitivity and provided novel insights into the development of therapeutic strategies for CRC patients who are resistant to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailing Fan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yandong Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Identification of potential core genes and pathways predicting pathogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228636. [PMID: 33982750 PMCID: PMC8164109 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common subtype of head and neck cancer; however, its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets remain largely unknown. In the present study, we analyzed three gene expression profiles and screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HNSCC and normal tissues. The DEGs were subjected to gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), protein–protein interaction (PPI), and survival analyses, while the connectivity map (CMap) database was used to predict candidate small molecules that may reverse the biological state of HNSCC. Finally, we measured the expression of the most relevant core gene in vitro and examined the effect of the top predicted potential drug against the proliferation of HNSCC cell lines. Among the 208 DEGs and ten hub genes identified, CDK1 and CDC45 were associated with unfavorable HNSCC prognosis, and three potential small molecule drugs for treating HNSCC were identified. Increased CDK1 expression was confirmed in HNSCC cells, and menadione, the top predicted potential drug, exerted significant inhibitory effects against HNSCC cell proliferation and markedly reversed CDK1 expression. Together, the findings of the present study suggest that the ten hub genes and pathways identified may be closely related to HNSCC pathogenesis. In particular, CDK1 and CDC45 overexpression could be reliable biomarkers for predicting unfavorable prognosis in patients with HNSCC, while the new candidate small molecules identified by CMap analysis provide new avenues for the development of potential drugs to treat HNSCC.
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Schoenwaelder N, Salewski I, Engel N, Krause M, Schneider B, Müller M, Riess C, Lemcke H, Skorska A, Grosse-Thie C, Junghanss C, Maletzki C. The Individual Effects of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors on Head and Neck Cancer Cells-A Systematic Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102396. [PMID: 34063457 PMCID: PMC8157193 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi´s) display cytotoxic activity against different malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). By coordinating the DNA damage response, these substances may be combined with cytostatics to enhance cytotoxicity. Here, we investigated the influence of different CDKi´s (palbociclib, dinaciclib, THZ1) on two HNSCC cell lines in monotherapy and combination therapy with clinically-approved drugs (5-FU, Cisplatin, cetuximab). Apoptosis/necrosis, cell cycle, invasiveness, senescence, radiation-induced γ-H2AX DNA double-strand breaks, and effects on the actin filament were studied. Furthermore, the potential to increase tumor immunogenicity was assessed by analyzing Calreticulin translocation and immune relevant surface markers. Finally, an in vivo mouse model was used to analyze the effect of dinaciclib and Cisplatin combination therapy. Dinaciclib, palbociclib, and THZ1 displayed anti-neoplastic activity after low-dose treatment, while the two latter substances slightly enhanced radiosensitivity. Dinaciclib decelerated wound healing, decreased invasiveness, and induced MHC-I, accompanied by high amounts of surface-bound Calreticulin. Numbers of early and late apoptotic cells increased initially (24 h), while necrosis dominated afterward. Antitumoral effects of the selective CDKi palbociclib were weaker, but combinations with 5-FU potentiated effects of the monotherapy. Additionally, CDKi and CDKi/chemotherapy combinations induced MHC I, indicative of enhanced immunogenicity. The in vivo studies revealed a cell line-specific response with best tumor growth control in the combination approach. Global acting CDKi's should be further investigated as targeting agents for HNSCC, either individually or in combination with selected drugs. The ability of dinaciclib to increase the immunogenicity of tumor cells renders this substance a particularly interesting candidate for immune-based oncological treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schoenwaelder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.S.); (M.K.); (C.R.); (C.G.-T.); (C.J.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-381-494-5764
| | - Inken Salewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.S.); (M.K.); (C.R.); (C.G.-T.); (C.J.); (C.M.)
| | - Nadja Engel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Mareike Krause
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.S.); (M.K.); (C.R.); (C.G.-T.); (C.J.); (C.M.)
| | - Björn Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Rostock, Strempelstr.14, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Michael Müller
- Core Facility for Cell Sorting & Cell Analysis, Laboratory for Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Christin Riess
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.S.); (M.K.); (C.R.); (C.G.-T.); (C.J.); (C.M.)
- University Children’s Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Heiko Lemcke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (H.L.); (A.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anna Skorska
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (H.L.); (A.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christina Grosse-Thie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.S.); (M.K.); (C.R.); (C.G.-T.); (C.J.); (C.M.)
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.S.); (M.K.); (C.R.); (C.G.-T.); (C.J.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.S.); (M.K.); (C.R.); (C.G.-T.); (C.J.); (C.M.)
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Sun W, Zhang Q, Wang R, Li Y, Sun Y, Yang L. Targeting DNA Damage Repair for Immune Checkpoint Inhibition: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648687. [PMID: 34026622 PMCID: PMC8137908 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways play an essential role in maintaining genomic integrity. DDR dysfunction leads to accumulated DNA damage, predisposition to cancer, and high sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent studies have demonstrated that DDR status is associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Among the DDR pathways, mismatch repair is one of the most recognized predictive biomarkers for ICIs. Furthermore, preclinical and early clinical studies suggest the rationale of combining agents targeting the DDR pathways, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, and ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related (ATR) kinase inhibitors, with ICIs. In the present review, we describe the predictive role of DDR pathways in ICIs and summarize the advances in potential combination strategies of novel agents targeting DDR with ICIs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Runkun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First People's hospital of Guangshui, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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26
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Lazăr CS, Şovrea AS, Georgiu C, Crişan D, Mirescu ŞC, Cosgarea M. Different patterns of p16INK4a immunohistochemical expression and their biological implications in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:697-706. [PMID: 33817711 PMCID: PMC8112783 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.3.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: p16INK4a immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used to facilitate the diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated neoplasia, when ≥70% of cells show strong nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity. In this study, we aim to compare partial expression patterns that do not fulfill the above criteria and seek biological implications in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Materials and Methods: p16INK4a IHC staining was conducted on representative sections of archived tissue from 88 LSCCs. Immunoreactivity was described based on four parameters: intracellular localization of immunostaining, intensity of immunostaining, distribution pattern and percentage of positive cells. Results: Six patterns of p16INK4a immunoexpression were observed and defined as: strong diffuse (strong immunostaining, expression in cytoplasm and nucleus in >70% of tumor cells), weak diffuse (moderate or weak immunostaining, expression in cytoplasm in >70% of tumor cells), marginal (strong cytoplasmic immunostaining, limited to the periphery of tumor islets), strong scattered (strong immunostaining, expression in cytoplasm and nucleus in <50% of tumor cells), weak scattered (moderate or weak immunostaining, expression in cytoplasm in <50% of tumor cells), negative (no expression). The pN stage of the patients was associated with p16INK4a immunoexpression patterns, the marginal pattern was only found in the pN0-Nx stages, while the weak diffuse pattern was more frequently observed in pN2-N3 stages. Conclusions: Partial immunostaining with architecturally distinct p16INK4a immunoexpression patterns may prove significant in stratifying characteristic clinicopathological subgroups among LSCC. Our observations may support the hypothesis that p16INK4a has different roles in different subcellular locations, with tumorigenic molecular pathways unrelated to HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Sidonia Lazăr
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Genotyping and Characterization of HPV Status, Hypoxia, and Radiosensitivity in 22 Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051069. [PMID: 33802339 PMCID: PMC7959143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To study head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) in vitro, a large variety of HNSCC cell lines have been developed. Here, we characterize a panel of 22 HNSCC cell lines, thereby providing a tool for research into tumor-specific treatment options in HNSCC. Both human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and HPV negative tumor cell lines were collected from commercial and collaborative sources. Short tandem repeat profiling was used to confirm or characterize the identity of the cell lines. Targeted sequencing was performed using a standard pathology single molecule Molecular Inversion Probe panel to detect mutations for 23 tumor suppressors and oncogenes. HPV status, p16 status, radiosensitivity data, and hypoxia data are summarized from all cell lines. We detected HPV transcripts in five cell lines, all of which overexpressed p16. One HPV negative cell line was also p16 positive. We detected mutations in KIT (SCCNij185), PIK3CA (SCCNij185), and CDKN2A (UT-SCC-5 and UT-SCC-38). TP53 mutations were the most frequent, occurring in 16/22 cell lines. HPV infection and TP53 mutations were almost mutually exclusive, with the exception of 93-VU-147T. The cell lines exhibited a wide range of sensitivities towards hypoxia and irradiation. Here, we provide a description of a set of frequently used HNSCC cell lines with diverse characteristics as found in HNSCC patients.
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Riess C, Irmscher N, Salewski I, Strüder D, Classen CF, Große-Thie C, Junghanss C, Maletzki C. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in head and neck cancer and glioblastoma-backbone or add-on in immune-oncology? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:153-171. [PMID: 33161487 PMCID: PMC7897202 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) control the cell cycle and play a crucial role in oncogenesis. Pharmacologic inhibition of CDK has contributed to the recent clinical approval of dual CDK4/6 inhibitors for the treatment of breast and small cell lung cancer. While the anticancer cell effects of CDK inhibitors are well-established, preclinical and early clinical studies describe additional mechanisms of action such as chemo- and radiosensitization or immune stimulation. The latter offers great potential to incorporate CDK inhibitors in immune-based treatments. However, dosing schedules and accurate timing of each combination partner need to be respected to prevent immune escape and resistance. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of CDK inhibitors in the two solid cancer types head and neck cancer and glioblastoma multiforme; it describes the molecular mechanisms of response vs. resistance and covers strategies to avoid resistance by the combination of immunotherapy or targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Riess
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- University Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nina Irmscher
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Inken Salewski
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Strüder
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery "Otto Körner", Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carl-Friedrich Classen
- University Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christina Große-Thie
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
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Bosacki C, Bouleftour W, Sotton S, Vallard A, Daguenet E, Ouaz H, Cojoracu I, Moslemi D, Molekzadehmoghani M, Magné N. CDK 4/6 inhibitors combined with radiotherapy: A review of literature. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2020; 26:79-85. [PMID: 33319074 PMCID: PMC7724290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK 4/6 inhibitors - palbociclib, ribociclib and abomaciclib - were approved by EMA. They are currently prescribed in combination with hormone therapy to treat hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer. Most pre-clinical studies refer to the synergistic effect of CDK4/6i-radiotherapy combination. The issue of their safe combined use with palliative or curative radiotherapy has only been explored through limited retrospective data.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) namely palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib were granted approval by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) between 2017 and 2018. They are currently prescribed in combination with hormone therapy to treat hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer. Their combination with radiotherapy raises safety concerns as preclinical data enlightened their possible synergistic effect. Moreover, data about toxicity when combining CDK4/6i with radiotherapy are scarce. This review of literature focused on the use of CDK4/6i combined with radiotherapy. It aimed at listing every published data about such combination so as to understand its possible resulting toxicity in metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bosacki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Wafa Bouleftour
- University Department of Teaching and Research, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Sotton
- University Department of Teaching and Research, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Alexis Vallard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Elisabeth Daguenet
- University Department of Teaching and Research, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Hamza Ouaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Iohel Cojoracu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Dariush Moslemi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Mona Molekzadehmoghani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Magné
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France.,University Department of Teaching and Research, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
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30
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Pesch AM, Hirsh NH, Chandler BC, Michmerhuizen AR, Ritter CL, Androsiglio MP, Wilder-Romans K, Liu M, Gersch CL, Larios JM, Pierce LJ, Rae JM, Speers CW. Short-term CDK4/6 Inhibition Radiosensitizes Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6568-6580. [PMID: 32967938 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have improved progression-free survival for metastatic, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers, but their role in the nonmetastatic setting remains unclear. We sought to understand the effects of CDK4/6 inhibition (CDK4/6i) and radiotherapy in multiple preclinical breast cancer models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were used to identify significantly altered pathways after CDK4/6i. Clonogenic assays were used to quantify the radiotherapy enhancement ratio (rER). DNA damage was quantified using γH2AX staining and the neutral comet assay. DNA repair was assessed using RAD51 foci formation and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) reporter assays. Orthotopic xenografts were used to assess the efficacy of combination therapy. RESULTS Palbociclib significantly radiosensitized multiple ER+ cell lines at low nanomolar, sub IC50 concentrations (rER: 1.21-1.52) and led to a decrease in the surviving fraction of cells at 2 Gy (P < 0.001). Similar results were observed in ribociclib-treated (rER: 1.08-1.68) and abemaciclib-treated (rER: 1.19-2.05) cells. Combination treatment decreased RAD51 foci formation (P < 0.001), leading to a suppression of homologous recombination activity, but did not affect NHEJ efficiency (P > 0.05). Immortalized breast epithelial cells and cells with acquired resistance to CDK4/6i did not demonstrate radiosensitization (rER: 0.94-1.11) or changes in RAD51 foci. In xenograft models, concurrent palbociclib and radiotherapy led to a significant decrease in tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide preclinical rationale to test CDK4/6i and radiotherapy in women with locally advanced ER+ breast cancer at high risk for locoregional recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Pesch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicole H Hirsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin C Chandler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anna R Michmerhuizen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cassandra L Ritter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Kari Wilder-Romans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Meilan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christina L Gersch
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - José M Larios
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lori J Pierce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James M Rae
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Corey W Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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31
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Yang Y, Luo J, Chen X, Yang Z, Mei X, Ma J, Zhang Z, Guo X, Yu X. CDK4/6 inhibitors: a novel strategy for tumor radiosensitization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:188. [PMID: 32933570 PMCID: PMC7490904 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the focus of enhancing tumor radiosensitivity has shifted from chemotherapeutics to targeted therapies. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are a novel class of selective cell cycle therapeutics that target the cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex and induce G1 phase arrest. These agents have demonstrated favorable effects when used as monotherapy or combined with endocrine therapy and targeted inhibitors, stimulating further explorations of other combination strategies. Multiple preclinical studies have indicated that CDK4/6 inhibitors exhibit a synergistic effect with radiotherapy both in vitro and in vivo. The principal mechanisms of radiosensitization effects include inhibition of DNA damage repair, enhancement of apoptosis, and blockade of cell cycle progression, which provide the rationale for clinical use. CDK4/6 inhibitors also induce cellular senescence and promote anti-tumor immunity, which might represent potential mechanisms for radiosensitization. Several small sample clinical studies have preliminarily indicated that the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and radiotherapy exhibited well-tolerated toxicity and promising efficacy. However, most clinical trials in combined therapy remain in the recruitment stage. Further work is required to seek optimal radiotherapy-drug combinations. In this review, we describe the effects and underlying mechanisms of CDK4/6 inhibitors as a radiosensitizer and discuss previous clinical studies to evaluate the prospects and challenges of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jurui Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhaozhi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Mei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinli Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaomao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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32
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Guerini AE, Pedretti S, Salah E, Simoncini EL, Maddalo M, Pegurri L, Pedersini R, Vassalli L, Pasinetti N, Peretto G, Triggiani L, Costantino G, Figlia V, Alongi F, Magrini SM, Buglione M. A single-center retrospective safety analysis of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors concurrent with radiation therapy in metastatic breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13589. [PMID: 32788596 PMCID: PMC7423932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors gained an essential role in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Nevertheless, data regarding their use in combination with radiotherapy are still scarce. We performed a retrospective preliminary analysis of breast cancer patients treated at our Center with palliative radiation therapy and concurrent CDK4/6 inhibitors. Toxicities were measured according to CTCAE 4.0, local response according to RECIST 1.1 or PERCIST 1.0 and pain control using verbal numeric scale. 18 patients (32 treated sites) were identified; 50% received palbociclib, 33.3% ribociclib and 16.7% abemacliclib. Acute non-hematologic toxicity was fair, with the only exception of a patient who developed G3 ileitis. During 3 months following RT, 61.1% of patients developed G 3–4 neutropenia; nevertheless no patient required permanent suspension of treatment. Pain control was complete in 88.2% of patients three months after radiotherapy; 94.4% of patients achieved and maintained local control of disease. Radiotherapy concomitant to CDK4/6 inhibitors is feasible and characterized by a fair toxicity profile, with isolated episodes of high-grade reversible intestinal toxicity. Rate of G 3–4 neutropenia was comparable with that measured for CDK4/6 inhibitors alone. Promising results were reported in terms of pain relief and local control of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Emanuele Guerini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brescia University, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Pedretti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emiliano Salah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Edda Lucia Simoncini
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Maddalo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ludovica Pegurri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rebecca Pedersini
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia Vassalli
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nadia Pasinetti
- Radiation Oncology Service, ASST Valcamonica, 25040, Esine, Italy
| | - Gloria Peretto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brescia University, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Triggiani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brescia University, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Costantino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brescia University, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Figlia
- Advanced Radiation Oncology Department, Cancer Care Center, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don Sempreboni 5, 37034, Verona, Negrar, Italy
| | - Filippo Alongi
- Advanced Radiation Oncology Department, Cancer Care Center, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don Sempreboni 5, 37034, Verona, Negrar, Italy
| | - Stefano Maria Magrini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brescia University, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Buglione
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brescia University, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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33
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Dhawan A, Scott J, Sundaresan P, Veness M, Porceddu S, Hau E, Harris AL, Buffa FM, Gee HE. Role of gene signatures combined with pathology in classification of oropharynx head and neck cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10226. [PMID: 32576885 PMCID: PMC7311543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment personalisation remains an unmet need in oropharynx cancer (OPC). We aimed to determine whether gene expression signatures improved upon clinico-pathological predictors of outcome in OPC. The clinico-pathological predictors, AJCC version 7 (AJCC 7), AJCC 8, and a clinical algorithm, were assessed in 4 public series of OPC (n = 235). Literature review identified 16 mRNA gene expression signatures of radiosensitivity, HPV status, tumour hypoxia, and microsatellite instability. We quality tested signatures using a novel sigQC methodology, and added signatures to clinico-pathological variables as predictors of survival, in univariate and multivariate analyses. AJCC 7 Stage was not predictive of recurrence-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS). AJCC 8 significantly predicted RFS and OS. Gene signature quality was highly variable. Among HPV-positive cases, signatures for radiosensitivity, hypoxia, and microsatellite instability revealed significant underlying inter-tumour biological heterogeneity, but did not show prognostic significance when adjusted for clinical covariates. Surprisingly, among HPV-negative cases, a gene signature for HPV status was predictive of survival, even after adjustment for clinical covariates. Across the whole series, several gene signatures representing HPV and microsatellite instability remained significant in multivariate analysis. However, quality control and independent validation remain to be performed to add prognostic information above recently improved clinico-pathological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dhawan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Jacob Scott
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Purnima Sundaresan
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, C24 - Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Veness
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, C24 - Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandro Porceddu
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eric Hau
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, C24 - Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet E Gee
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, C24 - Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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34
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Liang H, Shen X. LXR activation radiosensitizes non-small cell lung cancer by restricting myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:330-335. [PMID: 32448508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is an important radical treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, radioresistance greatly impairs the efficacy of this therapy in the clinic. Radioresistance can be caused by radiation-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) infiltration. Liver-X nuclear receptor (LXR) agonists have demonstrated potent antitumor activity in preclinic animal models. Here, we report for the first time that LXR agonists, GW3965 and RGX-104, radiosensitized NSCLC in a subcutaneous homograft murine model. LXR activation significantly reduced MDSC abundance in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Treatment with RGX-104 greatly promoted MDSC apoptosis in vitro. Depleting MDSC activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T-helper 1 (Th1) responses in the TME. In conclusion, the immunosuppressive effects of radiotherapy can be abrogated partly with an LXR agonist by depleting MDSC, which sensitizes NSCLC to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhen Liang
- Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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35
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Göttgens EL, van den Heuvel CNAM, de Jong MC, Kaanders JHAM, Leenders WPJ, Ansems M, Bussink J, Span PN. ACLY (ATP Citrate Lyase) Mediates Radioresistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas and is a Novel Predictive Radiotherapy Biomarker. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121971. [PMID: 31817870 PMCID: PMC6966650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Multiple links have been described between the metabolic activity of tumors and their clinical outcome. Here we test the hypothesis that metabolic features determine radiosensitivity, explaining the relationship between metabolism and clinical outcome. Radiosensitivity of 14 human HNSCC cell lines was determined using colony forming assays and the expression profile of approximately 200 metabolic and cancer-related genes was generated using targeted RNA sequencing by single molecule molecular inversion probes. Results: Correlation between radiosensitivity data and expression profiles yielded 18 genes associated with radiosensitivity or radioresistance, of which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) citrate lyase (ACLY) was of particular interest. Pharmacological inhibition of ACLY caused an impairment of DNA damage repair, specifically homologous recombination, and lead to radiosensitization in HNSCC cell lines. Examination of a The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of HNSCC patients revealed that high expression of ACLY was predictive for radiotherapy failure, as it was only associated with poor overall survival in patients who received radiotherapy (hazard ratio of 2.00, 95% CI: 1.12–3.55; p = 0.0184). These data were further validated in an independent cohort of HNSCC patients treated with chemoradiation. Furthermore, patients with poor locoregional control after radiotherapy have significantly higher nuclear ACLY protein levels. Together, we here show that ACLY affects DNA damage repair, and is a predictive factor for radiotherapy outcome in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Leonne Göttgens
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.A.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Corina NAM van den Heuvel
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C de Jong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1006 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Johannes HAM Kaanders
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.A.); (J.B.)
| | - William PJ Leenders
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Ansems
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Johan Bussink
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Paul N Span
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.A.); (J.B.)
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